Period Of Active Use Research Articles

Increasing the period of active use of on-board electronic equipment of spacecraft

For electronic equipment of space systems, and primarily memory devices, the task of protection from the effects of ionizing cosmic radiation and other external factors that distort stored and processed information is relevant. This paper proposes a holographic coding method that allows you to restore information in the event of a large number of errors. The method is based on recording into memory, instead of the original digital hologram data, a virtual digital object corresponding to a data block. The divisibility property of a hologram is used, which makes it possible to reconstruct a recorded data block from its fragment. The achieved level of noise immunity is determined by the size of the hologram. For an 8-bit data block, recording a 256-bit hologram provides information recovery if 75 % of the recorded hologram is lost. The developed decoder corrects a package of dependent (grouping) errors that distort all bits of the hologram. The number of random independent errors that the decoder corrects can be up to 40 % of the recorded information. The information storage system, resistant to ionizing radiation, is a memory array of increased capacity, taking into account the selected redundancy factor, and a memory controller that performs holographic encoding when recording information and decoding with automatic error correction when reading information. The operating algorithm of the controller itself can be implemented in the form of a programmable logic integrated circuit, or stored in a read-only memory device that is not affected by ionizing radiation.

Colchicine Use and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Male Patients with Gout and Established Coronary Artery Disease: A Veterans Affairs Nested Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Despite colchicine’s proven efficacy in the non-gout population, the effects of colchicine on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among high-risk patients with gout remain to be determined. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between colchicine use and MACE in gout patients with preexisting coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study followed patients with gout and established CAD within the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System who did or did not use colchicine regularly (>30 continuous days prescription with at least 1 refill). The primary outcome was first MACE, defined as a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, non-fatal stroke, and all-cause mortality. Part I of the primary analysis compared MACE between colchicine users and nonusers. Part II of the study compared MACE within the colchicine-use group, divided into quartiles based on consistency of colchicine use (i.e., percentage of time on colchicine). Results: Among 1638 patients with gout, 355 had established CAD (239 colchicine users and 116 nonusers). In this cohort, the odds of MACE were similar between any colchicine use compared to nonuse (OR 1.14; 95% CI (0.59–2.20)); however, colchicine users overall had a higher baseline cardiovascular risk profile than nonusers, suggesting that colchicine may have served to equilibrate risk between the two groups. Moreover, patients in the highest continuous colchicine-use quartile (>70% of observation period on colchicine) demonstrated lower odds of MACE compared to those in the lowest three quartiles (OR 0.35; 95% CI (0.13–0.93)), with no difference in baseline risk. Additionally, colchicine users had a numerically lower rate of MACE during periods of active use compared with periods of lapse. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a difference in cumulative MACE over time, favoring the subgroup with the most consistent colchicine use (plog-rank = 0.01). Conclusions: Despite higher CV risk, gout patients with CAD receiving colchicine had no higher rates of MACE than those not receiving colchicine. Among all patients with gout and CAD treated with colchicine, those with the most consistent colchicine use had lower odds of MACE, and event rates were lower during active use. Colchicine protection against cardiovascular events may require maintenance of colchicine bloodstream levels.

ОБУЧЕНИЕ НА БАЗЕ ОНЛАЙН-ПЛАТФОРМЫ: СЕКРЕТ МОЩНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭПОХИ

The formation, training and development of personnel is a complex and lengthy process. Key changes in the requirements for the personnel of modern organizations are associated with the innovative component of production, with its progressive technologies and high science intensity. Innovations in the trends of society and business contribute to the need for interconnection between the processes of personnel management and the development of the organization. The fundamental factor in the successful functioning of a modern organization is the development of the competencies of employees through a well-formed mechanism for advanced training, which is especially significant in the framework of the innovative development of the state. Violation of the balance of professional skills and the level of labor opportunities of employees negatively affects the results of the company. It should be noted that the direction of investment in the improvement of human assets is more appropriate, in contrast to investment in the improvement and renewal of production. Today, most organizations see learning as "the driver of progress." Managing this process is essential to a company's ability to gain momentum in a rapidly evolving space among competitors. It is the awareness and the appropriate level of training of employees that are the foundation for improving the company and make it possible to search for solutions to various levels of difficulties that appear in the process of the company's work. When choosing training tools, employers should take into account the preferences and advantages of the current generation, which has grown up in a period of active use of digital developments. This suggests that the need for training formats is increasing, the use of which will not force you to break away from your main activity, as well as during the performance of labor functions. This article considers a model for improving the organizational activities of the personnel of a modern organization based on continuous updating of knowledge through an online platform. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered model for both employees and employers are studied. Based on the results of the study of the issue, a conclusion was made about the need to activate organizations in solving key issues in terms of training and development of personnel in a modern organization, which is due to Russia's transition to a digital economy.

Designing for robot-mediated interaction among culturally and linguistically diverse children

This qualitative study explored the design and implementation of a humanoid social robot that mediated collaborative interactions among culturally and linguistically diverse kindergarten children in a US school. The robotic mediation was designed to help children have positive interactions with one another. The study was grounded in theories of childhood development, intercultural communication, and culturally responsive pedagogy. Design research and ethnographic qualitative research methods were used to design, test, and improve the robot’s mediation skills over a ten-week period of active use in a real-world classroom setting. Findings describe the challenges we faced in designing robot-mediated interaction activities as well as the solutions we implemented through repeated ethnographic observations, summarized as (1) anticipating children’s communication styles with flexible design, (2) inviting children to participate with personalized, friend-like communication, (3) enhancing engagement with familiar contexts, and (4) embracing language diversity with a bilingual robot.

Computer literacy as a condition for the formation of future specialists in education

At present information technologies are rapidly developing all over the world, so a man of today should be engaged in self-education and self-improvement. Due to the rapid society informatization and learning conditions during a pandemic, there is an increasing need to improve the computer literacy of current and future teachers, as a computer is the main device in the work of a teacher and in teaching a student in the modern world. In this regard, the formation of computer literacy among students of pedagogical universities and teachers in the current learning environment is an urgent problem in modern society. In accordance with the problem, the main goal of the article is to analyze the works of both domestic and foreign scientists, devoted to the problems of training future teachers in the context of society informatization and the pandemic. For a more detailed analysis and study of the problem of computer literacy formation, the article uses a theoretical research method, which is implemented in considering the fundamental definitions of computer literacy, in highlighting the main levels of computer literacy. The result of the analysis is a listing and description of the basic skills that a pedagogical university student and an employee in the field of education must possess to work with computer information, as well as the use of computer programs in the professional activity of a teacher in the pandemic. Thus, increasing computer literacy is an integral process in the information society, especially during the period of active use of distance learning technologies.

Особенности конструктивного исполнения и проектирования синхронных гидрогенераторов для микро-ГЭС

The development of small-scale power generation facilities is one of the priority tasks formulated in the Energy Strategy of Russia. Mini and micro hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) serve as the technical means for solving this problem in the field of small-scale hydropower. Structurally, a modern microHPP includes a drive mechanism, a synchronous hydrogenerator (SHG), a DC link, a cable and a load. The main requirements for an SHG are the minimum dimensions and weight, the possibility of long-term operation at the maximum power, an increased class of protection against dust and moisture, the lack of necessity to carry out maintenance during the period of active use during the year, the possibility to operate at low hydraulic turbine shaft rotation frequencies and a low kick-off torque value. The specific features of the SHG embodiment are analyzed. Groups of high-speed and low-speed SHG designs are identified. The embodiment types of SHGs for microHPPs are conventional for special-purpose claw-pole synchronous electrical machines as well as permanent magnet machines. Low-speed SHGs have a number of features related to multipole embodiment. Special attention is paid to embodiment types of low-speed generators. The SHGs with an external stator, with an external drum-type rotor and with an external rotor on a console are analyzed. The results from design calculation of the main dimensions for three low-speed SHGs for capacities equal to 5, 10, and 15 kW are presented. In all cases, the SHG is characterized by small pole pitches and the problem zone of stator slots and teeth. This applies both to the technological implementation of the shallow slot-and-tooth structure and to the placement of a powerful stator winding on it. The manufacture of low-speed SHGs for microHPPs is focused at high-tech production facilities.

From the History of Acoustic Measurements in Ethnomusicology

The rapid development of technology over the дast two centuries has opened up new opportunities in many areas of human activity, and, first and foremost, in scientific research. So, for example, a significant part of the history of ethnomusicology is the period of active use of recording and measuring technology. The desire to improve existing methods of analysys of folk songs with more exact data, partly due to the limited capabilities of the auditory perception, led to an appeal to acoustic measurements..The first half of the XX century was marked for the European (including Ukrainian) ethnomusicology and comparative musicology with the flourishing of acoustic research and inventions. After all, the mechanical and electrical devices of the time assumed an obligatory stage of the calibration by ear. And the traditions of academic musicology, which prevailed among ethnomusicological thought, often resulted in false, «theorized» conclusions, which rarely had a practical basis. In addition, scientific works devoted to the practice of acoustic measurements are difficult of approach today, sometimes they are archives or manuscripts that are stored in scientific institutes in Europe and America. Therefore, the main objective of this study is analysis of the present methods of acoustic data in the work with the pitched, rhythmic and timbral component of the texts of traditional music and the possible current prospects for their development. The collected data are first used on the material of Ukrainian folk vocal music, which is the relevance of the study. The main methods of the research are acoustic measurements and calculates, as well as statistical analysis of field records.P. Baranovsky and Ie. Yutsevich − one of the first Ukrainian researchers who were actively engaged in the issue of acoustic measurements during the first part of previous century, including on the basis of Ukrainian folk songs. Their contribution to the development of the technique of acoustic analysis is invaluable. However, the opportunities of that time and the academic approach does not allow in today's conditions to call their conclusions actual or correct.Modern European ethnomusicologists, for example the Lithuanian researcher R. Ambrazevicius, are developing new methods of acoustic analysis of ethnic music. Ukrainian ethnomusicology today requires fundamental development in this area, with the use of new technologies. After all, the results of acoustic analysis will help to improve or supplement existing methods, in particular such methods as rhythmic typology and melodic geography.Conclusions: the development of new, accessible, easy-to-use methods in ethnomusicology conforms to the current world trends towards the «digitalization» of the humanities for the sake of using accurate data. These methods will help ethnomusicologists to look beyond their own auditory capabilities and rely on more exact data in their investigations of traditional music.

От электромагнитного смога до электромагнитного хаоса. К оценке опасности мобильной связи для здоровья населения

Over the past 25 years, there has been a global change in the electromagnetic environment on the Earth, associated with the widest use of wireless communications by the population, which significantly changed the situation of artificial electromagnetic pollution of the external environment and the methodology for assessing the health risks of all population groups. In these difficult conditions, nevertheless, many authors in their conclusions neglect the views established in radiobiology in assessing the danger of exposure to electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh frequencies (EMR microwave), which is associated, for example, with the notions of a critical organ or critical system, the possibility of accumulating adverse effects and the formation of residual damage (long-term consequences). Almost daily brain irradiation of the EMR of the microwave does not attract their attention. The work uses classical radiobiological approaches to assess the danger of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range of low non-thermal intensities, including mobile communication for the population and presents some data on the negative impact on public health, including children – mobile phone users. On specific examples, the facts of the relative increase in the risk of developing brain tumors after a long period of active use of cell phones are considered. In many countries, there is a complete disregard for the precautionary principle proposed by the WHO. Children for the first time in the entire period of civilization are included in the risk group. At the same time, in many countries there is a complete disregard for this principle and the recommendations of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) are ignored. Even before the era of the development of mobile communications, there were significant differences in the approaches to developing acceptable doses for microwave EMR, but discussions on the possible adverse biological effects of non-thermal low levels of these emissions are still ongoing. At the same time, we can note a positive trend associated with the fact that almost all the leading countries of Europe are already correctly assessing the real danger of the MP and have their own more stringent regulations than in Russia (Austria, France, Italy etc.). At the same time, we observe the silence of some scientists and important officials in many countries about the possible danger to the population of EMP mobile communications. As a fact, opposite decisions are made about the prevention and protection of the population, including children. At present, the current situation can be described as electromagnetic chaos in the habitat of the population. In our opinion, in the conditions of the existing electromagnetic chaos, it is necessary to inform the population that mobile communication in the absence of self-limitation can be dangerous to health. The population should have an independent choice of the type and the mode of mobile communication. This choice is his voluntary risk.

Covering the instrument table decreases bacterial bioburden: An evaluation of environmental quality indicators

Covering the instrument table during surgery may decrease contamination. We hypothesized that (1) covering the instrument table in an operating room (OR) during static periods of nonuse and dynamic periods of active use would dramatically decrease the bacterial bioburden on the table, and (2) the use of sterile plastic table covers would be equivalent to sterile impervious paper covers in reducing the bioburden in a dynamic environment. Bacterial contamination of the instrument table was evaluated by settle plates in static and dynamic ORs. Airborne particulate and bacterial contaminants were sampled throughout the room. Tested groups included instrument tables covered with sterile impervious paper covers, sterile plastic covers, or no covers. Covering the instrument table during static and dynamic operating room conditions resulted in a significantly decreased bacterial load on the instrument table. No differences were seen between paper and plastic covers. A significant decrease in bacterial bioburden on the instrument table when the table was covered during static and dynamic periods was observed, suggesting the utility for covering the instrument table during periods of nonuse and during active surgeries.

Illicit Drug Use and HIV-1 Disease Progression: A Longitudinal Study in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

This study assessed the association between longitudinal patterns of illicit drug use and clinical progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Confidential computer-based interviews, which addressed illicit drug use and other factors, were completed by HIV-infected participants in Baltimore, Maryland, at 6-month intervals from 1998 onward. To assess this association, the authors used a random-effects model in which clinically defined opportunistic conditions were linked to self-reported periods of drug use, enabling four categories of drug use to be distinguished: nonusers, intermittent users during abstinent periods, intermittent users during active periods, and persistent users. Included in the analysis were 1,851 participants who completed > or = 1 survey. For participants who used drugs intermittently over time, the risk of developing new opportunistic conditions during periods of abstinence was similar to that for those who never used drugs (odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 1.7). In contrast, compared with that for nonusers, the risk of opportunistic infection was significantly higher for intermittent drug users during periods of active use (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.9) and for persistent drug users (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.8). Active drug use is temporally linked to HIV disease progression and mortality. Effectively targeting and treating active substance abuse in HIV treatment settings may provide a mechanism to improve clinical outcomes.

ESTIMATION OF THE AGE OF A PRE‐INDUSTRIAL IRON SITE IN KOREA*

A pre‐industrial iron‐smelting site in Korea, whose period of active use is placed on typological grounds between the eighth and 18th centuries ad, has been dated using accelerator mass spectrometry and thermoluminescence. The ages of two charcoal samples were 77 ± 25 and 81 ± 25 years bp, with the calibrated date for both ranging from ad 1700 to ad 1955, while a clay fragment dated to ad 1650 ± 50. The results from typology and radiocarbon seem insignificant due to the considerable uncertainties involved, but in combination with the thermoluminescence result they place the most probable date of the site at around ad 1700.

Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints

We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral ( Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia.

Issues in the Prevention of Weight Gain after Smoking Cessation

Abstract Although commonly accepted, there is essentially no direct support for the assumption that preventing weight gain after smoking cessation will improve the likelihood of remaining abstinent from smoking. First, developing interventions to prevent this weight gain has proven to be extremely difficult. To date, no adjunct behavioral treatment has been shown to be successful in attenuating cessation-induced weight gain in healthy ex-smokers. Reasons for this failure may stem from inadequate intensity of interventions, poor compliance due to the complexity of interventions aimed at both eliminating smoking and controlling weight, or to biological pressures for weight to increase after removal of the weight suppressing effects of smoking (i.e. altered energy regulation). Pharmacological interventions, despite being successful during brief periods of active use, have not been studied beyond several months' duration of treatment. Second and more importantly, prospective studies have not reported that weight gain after cessation directly predicts relapse, and results of a recent intervention indicate that adjunct weight control treatment may be associated with greater smoking relapse. Although contrary to common belief these findings are very consistent with a large body of basic animal research showing that food or weight restriction increases drug intake. In light of these observations, a more prudent and fruitful approach for basic and clinical research may be to re-examine the fundamental relationships among smoking, eating, body weight, and perhaps weight-related attitudes, rather than developing intensive strategies for combating weight gain after smoking cessation. If further study continues to find no positive relationship between this weight gain and risk of subsequent smoking relapse, it may be necessary to consider developing treatments designed to help ex-smokers accept, rather than fight, weight gain after cessation.