Period Of Unification Research Articles

India-Nepal Relation From Nation-Building Perspectives

Nepal is a landlocked country with a unique national history and geopolitical location between two giant neighbors, India and China. Its relationship with these two nations has had a significant impact on the process of nation-building in Nepal. This article discusses the influence of the changing relationship between Nepal and India on various dimensions of nation-building, using the conceptual framework of Saunders' Research Onion Peeled Method and Harris Mylona and Stein Rokkan's theory of nation-building. The study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenology and historical methods to examine the trends of nation-building around the world and the paradigms of nation-building in Nepal during various periods of its history, including the unification period, the aftermath of the Anglo-Nepal War, the Rana Regime, the Monarchical period, and the aftermath of the end of the monarchy. The research found that internal and external forces, such as globalization and industrialization, as well as geopolitical developments, have had an impact on state nation-building in Nepal.

Ottoman View on the Unification of Italy, 1796-1861

While the Kingdom of Italy was officially established after half a century of struggle, the Ottoman Empire was living its last century. The unification period of Italy was a significant epoch in which these two states coincided with each other in history. This study is the examination of the period of the Italian Unification from the Ottoman point of view, which started in the Napoleonic period and until 1861 when the Kingdom of Italy was officially declared. During this era in the Italian peninsula, numerous events, relevant or irrelevant for the Ottoman Empire took place; On the other hand, the Ottoman state followed and examined all these events with great attention and tried to position itself in order to find a place in the changing world order. This article will examine how and for what purpose the Ottoman Empire observed the events that took place in the Italian peninsula and what actions it took based on these observations.

LEGAL AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE: STATE AND PROSPECTS

The subject of the study is the state and prospects of development of legal and economic foundations of regulation of legal relations in the sphere of national security of Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of research were used general scientific and special legal methods. Dialectical method made it possible to compare the level of legal protection of private and public interests as a type of national interests in comparison with the objects of national security. By means of analysis were determined quantitative and qualitative parameters of measures implemented within the framework of ensuring national security of Ukraine in the sphere of protected national interests of legal and economic nature. Synthesis provided the formation of common features that mediate the existence of the main categories in the sphere of national security, taking into account the time period in which the relevant measures are implemented. Comparative-legal method allowed us to identify common and distinctive features in the implementation of measures of legal and economic nature to ensure national security at different times and in the future. The purpose of the article is to establish the state and determine the prospects of development of legal and economic provision of regulation of social relations in the sphere of national security, taking into account geopolitical and internal challenges of the corresponding period of the existence of Ukrainian statehood. The results of the study showed that the state of legal and economic security of national security of Ukraine needs to be adjusted and improved taking into account the needs of the time in the geopolitical space, which is reflected in the organizational, legal and legislative work of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the research of scientists. Conclusion. The legal and economic foundations of Ukraine's national security developed under the influence of a number of factors, among which the determining ones are: international standards; creation of a legal regulation mechanism harmonizing private and public interests as part of national interests; prompt response to external and internal challenges, creation of the most effective conditions for the existence of civil society, including economic, involvement of institutions of democratic civil control in this activity. It is established that the formation of legal and economic security of national security of Ukraine took place in three stages: the initial period, when the general rules of normalization of legal relations in this area were laid down; the period of unification and systematization of normative regulations in this sphere, taking into account the proportionality of public and private national interests included in the content of national security, with the priority of the latter, in particular in the field of economic security; the period of adaptation of the regulatory framework in the field of national security to the geopolitical challenges that Ukraine faced after the Revolution of Dignity. The defining features of these stages are characterized. It is established that the legal regulation and economic provision of national security of Ukraine today is determined by the following features: in the first place among the national interests are the state sovereignty, territorial integrity, democratic constitutional order, which are associated with a real threat to these interests due to the existing aggression; a number of strategic documents in the relevant areas of national security, the content of which contains a qualification of threats, directions of state policy and appropriate response measures, in particular to ensure economic security, were categorically defined; the legal status of subjects of national security has been normalized and significantly expanded; the content of the powers and functions of these subjects is reduced, and the content of the activities of citizens and public organizations is ignored; for the first time elements of democratic civil control in the sphere of national security are introduced into the legal field. Analyzed modern scientific developments on the national security of Ukraine, which allowed to highlight promising directions of development of measures of legal and economic nature aimed at ensuring national security, including the prevention of threats in the sphere of influence of geopolitical vectors of the modern world system on the formation of Ukrainian statehood, preventing the impact of negative factors of internal and external origin, in particular: separatism; cybercrime; corruption; economic and financial threats; energy crisis; COVID-19 pandemics, etc. In addition, a characteristic feature of such measures should be their ex-ordinary effectiveness, which is mediated by the involvement of all branches of government and institutions of civil society through deep coordination of such activities, the use of international experience, cooperation with international organizations of a military-economic type, the dissemination of the jurisprudence of international courts, using the example of the European Court of Human Rights, etc.

РОЛЬ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОГО СОБРАНИЯ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ В ОБЪЕДИНЕНИИ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ, ТАЙМЫРСКОГО (ДОЛГАНО-НЕНЕЦКОГО) И ЭВЕНКИЙСКОГО АВТОНОМНЫХ ОКРУГОВ

The transformation of the subjects of the Russian Federation began with the territorial division of the country in regional policy. The Federal Constitutional Law of 2001 obliged to observe the procedure before the start of the unification of subjects, in order to achieve a positive result in such a complex process. The article analyzes the reasons for the unification of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Taimyr (Dolgan-Nenets) and Evenki Autonomous districts. A set of measures aimed at the implementation of the formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation is being considered. The problems faced by the Krasnoyarsk Territory and autonomous okrugs during the unification period are revealed and the role of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the unification process is reflected. The significance of the political figures of the Krasnoyarsk Territory who took part in the creation of a new subject of the Russian Federation is reflected. In addition, the highest authorities – the President of the Russian Federation and the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation - were also involved in the unification process.

한반도 통일 유형별 북한지역의 대순진리회 3대 중요사업 추진 여건과 방안 연구

The main theme of this paper centers on how to promote Three Major Works of Daesoon Jinrihoe, charity aid, social welfare, and education projects, during the unification period. Determining the best methods of promotion is crucial because the Three Major Works must be carried out after unification, and the works must remain based on the practice of the philosophy of Haewon-sangsaeng (the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence). The idea of Haewon-sangsaeng is in line with the preface of the U.N. Charter and the aim of world peace. North Korean residents are suffering from starvation under their devastated economy, which is certain to face a crisis of materialistic deficiency during reunification. In this study, the peaceful unification of Germany, unification under a period of sudden changes in Yemen, and the militarized unification of Vietnam were taken as case studies to diagnose and analyze the conditions which would affect the implementation of the Three Major Works. These three styles of unification commonly required a considerable budget and other forms of support to carry out the Three Major Works. Especially if unification were to occur after a period of sudden changes, this would require solutions to issues of food, shelter, and medical support due to the loss of numerous lives and the destruction of infrastructure. On the other hand, the UNHCR model was analyzed to determine the implications of expanding mental well prepared and sufficiently qualified professionals, reorganizing standard organizations within complex situations, task direction, preparing sufficient relief goods, budgeting, securing bases in border areas with North Korea, and establishing networks for sponsorship. Based on this, eight detailed tasks in the field of system construction could be used by the operators of the Three Major Works to prepare for unification. Additionally, nine tasks for review were presented in consideration of the timing of unification and the current situation between South and North Korea. In conclusion, in the event of unification, the Three Major Works should not be neglected during the transition period. The manual “Three Major Works during the Unification Period” should include strategic points on organizational formation and mission implementation, forward base and base operation, security and logistics preparation, public relations and external cooperation, safety measures, and transportation and contact systems.

Montagne di Lombardia. Il caso Gorini dal «Politecnico» di Cattaneo al «Crepuscolo» di Tenca

In mid-19th century Milan an eccentric scientist named Paolo Gorini, already well-known for his studies on the mineralisation of organic tissues, published a revolutionary scientific study entitled L’origine delle montagne (1851). He accompanied this with his discovery of a so-called plutonic liquid, spectacular public demonstrations and his proposal for a new branch of ‘experimental geology’. Resonating both on an international scale and amongst the most dynamic Milanese cultural milieus, the case surrounding Gorini was not confined to the scientific community and scientific institutions, but instead was embraced by all of society and by the literary world as well (e.g. Cattaneo, Tenca, Manzoni, Rovani and the Scapigliatura). In a city deeply scarred by revolts and recent defeats, a prestigious scientific discovery of this nature could indeed represent a sort of compensation, with both civil and political repercussions. Even Carlo Tenco’s newly-created weekly Il Crepuscolo, put its reputation on the line when from 1851 to 1853 it dedicated columns to the ever-growing polemical debate-one that continued until the 1870s before it died out. This study reconstructs for the first time the case surrounding Gorino the ‘geologist’ in its entirety, and in so doing it provides support to other recently published studies on Gorini in his more well-known vestige of ‘petrifier’ (see in particular La mummia della repubblica by Sergio Luzzatto), all the while highlighting key aspects of the cultural, scientific and literary spheres operating during the Risorgimento and unification period.

Идеология национализма и спорт

Sport is considered as a collective practice, participation in which in any capacity (as an athlete, coach or fan) contributes to the formation and strengthening of socio-cultural and political identity. The period of unification of the German nation is analyzed: classical gymnastics in the XIX century was a response to the society’s request for national identity and gymnastics classes became a unifying nation-forming social practice. It is shown that in the 30—40s of the twentieth century, sports became one of the technologies for building, approving and spreading the ideology of German national socialism.

ON SPRING RITUALS IN THE UDMURT VILLAGE VARKLED-BODYA (WITH REGARD TO THE BILINGUAL MONOGRAPH BY E. TOULOUZE AND N. V. ANISIMOV)

This article is devoted to a review of a recently published bilingual monograph by E. Toulouze and N. V Anisimov called “Spring rituals of the Varkled-Böd’ya Udmurt” dedicated to the description and analysis of the complex of spring rituals marking the beginning of the new year according to the Udmurt traditional calendar. The authors try to understand how and in what way the transformation processes are manifested in the modern Udmurt village community, which strives to preserve its identity during the period of unification and globalization. Based on the works of their predecessors and their own historical and ethnographic research, the authors update the data on the spring rituals of the Udmurts: the initiation of boys ( Eru/Eur karon ), the ritual of chasing unholy spirits ( Shaytan Ul’l’yan ), the initiation of girls ( Nyl kuras’kon ) and the ritual of the Vös’n’erge Clan Ceremony.

The Role of Concepts and conceptual history to prepare for unification period

The Role of Concepts and conceptual history to prepare for unification period

Nation Building and Social Values in Nepal

Social norms play an important role in the state-building process. If the time of formation of Nepal is considered as the period of unification, then some important facts regarding the formation of the state of Nepal and the structure of the society here can be recounted. Regarding the formation of the nation-state, the structure of the Nepali state, and the position of the Nepali society are not of the same nature. From the pre-unification states of Limbuwan, Khumbuwan, Kirat, Khas, Baisi, Chaubisi, Shen, etc. to the restructuring period of the state, the state structure has not been formed in the recognition of the nation-state. Because the small and big states before unification were states built on power. Due to power, the great form of the Gurkha state had built a unitary Nepal. There is not general recognition of the state-building process of the nation-state. In the same way, even when restructuring the state, that recognition was not accepted. The foundations of federal-state formation, such as language, religion, and the basis of equality and plurality of the population, were also not accepted, which is a form of recognition of the nation-state. In such a situation, this article attempts to study a state-building and social tradition which is already coming together in Nepali society

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ІСПАНСЬКОЇ ВІДНОСНОЇ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ: НАБУТТЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ РИС

Complex attributive sentences in the Spanish language of the medieval period are characterized by a vague expression of the degree of syntactic subordination. During the XII-XVI centuries there is a process of constant enrichment of meanings and forms of complex attributive sentences. The final formation of the structural organization of a complex attributive sentence ended in the XVII century, in the period of unification and formation of the national Spanish language. Starting from the Old Spanish period, the externally formal homogeneity of models of a complex attributive sentence is disturbed by deep internal complications of semantic connections between the main and subordinate parts. Thus, in the Middle Spanish period, a complex attributive sentence gradually reformatted its structural organization by strengthening the contact position of the nominal center of subordination with the conjunctions and strengthening bilateral links between predicative components, which further contributed to the normalization of the position of the subordinate part. On the other hand, there is an intensive mutual replacement of some conjunctions with others. In the Old Spanish period, the conjunctions bigan to lose their uncoordinated lexical correlation between the correlative word and the supporting noun in the main part. This trend contributed to the consolidation of the structural organization of a complex attributive sentence, which was realized in the early Spanish period.

“...of those Whose Behaviour is Unacceptable”: Upbringing of the Masculine Behaviour Patterns in Kyiv All-boys Gymnaziums (1830s–1870s)

This article draws attention to masculine studies in history of yet under-developed studies in Ukrainian historiography. Based on the theoretical frameworks of western historiography, the author attempted to analyze the construction of normative masculinity/ies in the 19th-century all-boys education. As the sources, the author used the documents on the organization of control over the behavior of pupils in two Kyiv gymnasiums between the 1830s and 1870s. Since the 1830s are considered to be the period of unification and broader establishment of the educational system in the Russian Empire, the author suggests that the narrowing of gender norms along with masculine norms must have been the element of the mentioned educational policy. Based on the limited previous sources, the author made an assumption that such control over ‘manliness’ became systematic during the 1840s. Investigating the administrative attitude toward different behavioral practices, she spotted those which were deemed as the “grey zones”, such as smoking, which were a common male practice and part of male socialization, and therefore forgettable, in contrast to those which were regarded as a taboo, such as masturbation, which due to the medical and moral prejudice of the period, should have been eradicated. Moreover, such actions were explained by the ‘beasty’ nature of boys or by the influence of the outside world, which displays the school board’s vision of the school as a ‘correctional’ institution. At the same time, this ‘correction’ of the ‘bad’ habits and expressed ideas on the ‘norms’ referred to the notion of the perfect servant of the Fatherland. This made the author suggest that the construction of gendered subjects in the Russian Empire was inseparable from the establishment of the imperial identity. Since this article is not complete research on the problem, the author has made only previous assumptions on the construction of masculine norms in Kyiv gymnasiums and pointed out that the topic needs further research.Manuscript received 19.03.2020

Developing Social Welfare Practice Competence Scale for Unification Period in Korea

Developing Social Welfare Practice Competence Scale for Unification Period in Korea

Role of Technical and Vocational Education in Economic Development of Nepal

Nepal has been lagging in economic development and TEVT has been in shadow from the inception of the technical and vocational education. Education system was studied under the different historical period and the period was divided as prior to 1768, unification period of Nepal.1768-1846, this period regarded as Shah Period. 1846 to 1950 was known as 104 years of Rana regime. ‘Nepal may be treated as briefly as that of snakes in Ireland. There was known’ (Wright 1958). An armed struggle overthrown the Rana regime in 1950. NNEPC Established in 1954 and survey the main areas to intervene in the education sector. 1961-1990 king Mahindra coup democratic government and NESP was introduced. In 1989,CTEVT established to produce mid-level human resource required for the development and deviated from its’ objectives in later stage. CTEVT have 19 constituent institutes and with affiliation body. 2006-2016, the period of secularism, federalism, and republic establishment. Total employment record 479846 up to 2015 and found 3 percent growth per year. Three methods applied to collect data; questionnaire with subjective, objective for 385 respondents and interview for 100. 79.25 percent male and 20.75 female found in 11 different backgrounds. The quantity data analyzed by using SPSS statistical tool, percent, mean, standard deviation, t’ test, Pearson’s correlation used to measure the degree of relation. The Major findings of the research were; the TEVT has to be independent, linked with the production, industries and farms should also be learning center, on the job training should be mandatory every year, production unit establishment and providing on training industrial experience to the student; both should be research and production oriented; Investment from the government need to be increased, well equipped polytechnics should be made; social awareness and research oriented TEVT need to be made in order to contribute in economic development , the ruler constantly were not been keen to develop TTEVT properly. On the basis of the findings recommendations are drawn, the recommendation is to make proper policy and proper implementation and PTGC establishment for monitoring and evaluation as well as quality control in delivery, comparing the programs and make competitive TEVT program to compete in global market.

통일을 대비한 군간호 교과목 개발

통일을 대비한 군간호 교과목 개발

Introduction and Use of Literary Works for the Preparation Education of Unification Period - Centered on high school literature textbooks -

Introduction and Use of Literary Works for the Preparation Education of Unification Period - Centered on high school literature textbooks -

The Location and position of Mt. Maeup the military point of view during the period of Unification of Three Kingdoms

The Chinese Dynasties of Su(隋) and Tang(唐) had invaded Goguryo(高句麗) with the large scale of forces. The dynasties of Su(隋) and Tang(唐) used waterway of the Daedong river(大同江) as a maneuver route. Naehoa(來護兒) of Su dynasty and Sojeongbang(蘇定方) of Tang dynasty led the navy and came into the Daedong river. Naehoa fought against Goguryo army in the area where was located 60ri(里) away from the Pyongyang(平壤). Sojeongbang fought against Goguryo army in the Maeupsan(馬邑山). The place, where Naehoa and Sojeongbang fought against Goguryo army, is going to be same. But its location isnt clear. A research result as the Maeupsan has gone out of the location of the Seohaksan(捿鶴山). This Location is placed in the smallest waterway in the Daedonggang. Su dynasty and Tang dynasty battled with Goguryo army here. The Maeupsan is a important place in the side of Goguryo from the military point of view.

통일추진기 국무총리 역할 재정립 방안에 관한 연구

통일추진기 국무총리 역할 재정립 방안에 관한 연구

La noche, el pensamiento y el río

The present literary work is developed in the Middle Age, with the goal of developing an analysis of the historical facts of China, specifically in the Tang dynasty from the year 618 to the year 907, which is a period of unification, rise and flourish in the territory. Through a peasant estate fictional male character, where we intend to reveal his daily life, like it’s room, family, occupation, diet, among other elements; at the same time, the collective mentalities according to aspects of religion and their perception of the political, social and economic system. In addition, we take into account the microhistory of populations that were traditionally omitted, as it is the low social class, we put in evidence the discrimination, oppression, inequality, exams system, hierarchies, the role of the man and woman, marriage, commerce, urban development, love, among other characteristics of the era.

A nation on ice: Germany and the Arctic, 1865–1875

This article considers the connection between German Arctic exploration and German nation-building during the period of unification. It uses transnational and environmental history to study the German interest and experience in the Far North alongside distinct social, cultural, political, and scientific developments at home. It proposes that polar explorers and enthusiasts leveraged Arctic nature in the struggle to forge a unified German nation. They did this not only by rendering the Arctic in a way that allowed Germans to identify with it, but also by drawing the place as a proving ground for German cultural values and scientific ambition.