Period Of Second Half Research Articles

On some methodical aspects of estimation of intergroup morphological variability in growth studies

The significance of growth activity peak in screening studies of children and adolescents as biomarker of chronobiological status of the population is the focus of present research. The broad spectrum of samples (N = 43), including different ethno-territorial groups of Russia and former USSR, examined throughout a wide historical period of second half of 20th — beginning of 21st century, was included in the analysis. The material source was data from literature and authors’ own databases. The following indicators of growth activity peak were calculated for each group: age (in years) of the maximal velocity of growth changes of the average level of height through the adolescence, estimated by empiric rows of annual changes of mean height with further smoothing by the least squares method — separately for boys and girls; its absolute value (cm) and chronological age (years). Intragroup sexual differences of these characteristics were considered as well. The subsequent statistical analysis (Statistica 10 package was used) revealed, that intergroup distribution of age at peak height velocity was not Gaussian and gravitated towards bimodality for both sexes. Herewith the least urbanized groups (rural Abkhazians and urban Mongolians) were excluded from analysis due to the specificity of the dynamic lines of height gains. The factor analysis established auton-omy of pubertal growth acceleration of male and female teenagers — the first factor describes growth activity for males, the second one — for females. The analysis of intergeneration dynamics of age at peak height velocity, on the example of Moscow boys and girls, established, that the used parameter might indicate occasional changes of quality of life of a population (for ex-ample, introduction of free school lunches during the NEP period), as well as more global changes (intensified urbanization throughout the 20th century). The results of the study suggest that the variability of the growth activity peak parameters indicate significant social/anthropogenic base of chronobiological status of the population and independent growth strategies of males and females, which allows considering it as valid and promising biomarker in population growth studies.

To the problem of significance of the parameter «peak height velocity» in puberty as the biomarker of chronobiological status of the population in growth studies

Introduction. The significance of peak height velocity (PHV) in screening studies of children and adolescents as the biomarker of the chronobiological status of the population is in the focus of the study. Material and methods. The analysis embraces a significant specter of samples (N=37, literary data), including different ethnoterritorial groups of Russia and former USSR, examined through the vast historical period of second half of XX century – beginning of the XXI century. The analysis of interpopulation variability of the parameter of peak height velocity of growth changes of the average level of height through the adolescence is under discussion – its absolute value (MPHV, cm) and chronological age (APHV, years); intragroup sexual differences of these characteristics are under consideration as well. Results. Dynamic curves of height increase for urban samples from USSR territory, both native populations and Russian, have dome-shaped form, monotonous height increase/gain velocities up to the peak, slump further on. Traditional Mongolian groups and rural Abkhazian show the dynamic curve with descending wavy form. Histograms of intergroup distribution of the parameter APHV both for boys and girls differ from normal Gaussian distribution and gravitate towards double-peak form. Population values of APHV for boys are two and a half years later as compared to girls; MPHV is a more solid parameter, sex differences here are 0.41 cm with boys’ advantage. Factor analysis revealed definite autonomy of the process of pubertal spurt for male and female adolescents: the first factor describes growth activity of boys, the second — of girls (35% and 30% of the total variability of parameters correspondingly). Conclusion. The results allowed to conclude, that the variability of the parameter points to the significant social/anthropogenic base of chronobiological status of the population and independent growth strategies of male and female sexes, which suggests to interpret PHV as the valid and perspective biomarker in population growth studies. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Fundamental and applied aspects of geopolitical studies in USA and their influence on contemporary practice of international relations

Paper is devoted to methodology and content of geopolitical studies realizing in United States of America. In their complex are analyzing historical and political studies of theoretical and practical type oriented to analysis of forms and directions of expansion and governance of different territories by state power institutions. In quality of examples having from point of contemporary development of international relations evident actuality in paper are selected monographs and articles devoted to external policy of Russian Empire in period of second half of 19th and beginning of 20th century. In content of these historiographical sources were precisely presented basic and partially stereotype forms of attraction by American authors of tendencies of development of other countries with mobilizational type of transformation and traditional for studies of these authors strategies forecasting of political and in large meaning social evolution of these countries. In quality of fundamental aspects diversified in these scientific and partly journalistic works in paper are presented points about global backwardness, forced and in this occasion temporary overcoming of existing evolutionary problems and final impossibility of successful concurrence of Russia and other countries with catching type of development with United States of America, Great Britain and mostly industrially developing states of continental Europe. To applied aspects of geopolitical studies realizing in USA in paper were referred interpretations of concrete historical events projected and presented in them and also their choice and systematization. This definition of studying object is conditioned by methodological connection between scientific analysis of facts and from one part by development of international relations and from other part by realizing by many authors decision of task of explaining external political strategy of state on base of ideologically determined historiographical discourse caused from one part by development of international relations and from other part by specific features of expert social mind.

Diagnosis of Evaluative Design Indicators of Pillars of Natural Energies in Architecture

Means of finding the energy sources adopted by man are developed generally with the development of creation. Also, they differed through the man’s stages of civilized life as there is a mutual interaction between development of human civilization and energy sources. World's consumption of depleted energy increased especially in the period of second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the demand for energy and guaranteeing its availability in buildings have increased. Oil became one of the most important sources of energy in the twentieth century, and it helped in the escalation of energy consumption rates which is categorized as a quite cheap source of energy in comparison with other sources of energy until the seventies of the last century where the crisis of energy has taken placed. This energy crisis has an environmental, economic and political dimension. However, the danger of oil depletion loomed over the world, and the energy crisis has become one of the most important problems the world was currently facing. The crisis of energy has appeared due to firstly: the large and continuous increase for consumption of energy which is matched by specific reserves of traditional energy sources, secondly: a significant increase in fuel prices and environmental problems caused by depleted energy sources. In this way, researchers have tried to develop new as well as alternative sources of energy. All the attention is directed to renewable energies, especially solar energy. In this respect, research and studies have begun to face the reality of the depletion of fossil fuels, and their replacement with renewable energy that is not depleted and it does not cause any environmental pollution. Consequently, the research problem reads as "Confused vision about the possibility of diagnosing the indicators of the pillars of active natural energies in architecture (active and passive)". Concerning the major objective of this research, it is summarized as follows: “Investigating the available constituents and characteristics of the natural energy systems and their indicators in Iraq in a way serves the beneficiaries, decision-makers and urban studies.” Additionally, this research discusses some of the pillars of natural energies (passive and active), and their innovative planning and design systems in architecture. Besides, it studies some renewable energy systems alternative to depleted energy which include the use of solar energy, biomass, and ground mass. Furthermore, the research examines the effectiveness of passive systems to rationalize energy consumption which includes natural cooling, heating and ventilation systems in buildings, as well as shading, vegetation, afforestation, orientation, color and controlling the other potential internal heat sources. Keywords: Renewable energy, environmental sustainability, passive and active air-conditioning, clean energy, zero pollution, zero-carbon architecture. DOI: 10.7176/JETP/11-4-06 Publication date: September 30th 2021

Finds of Penkivka Culture from Cheremushna Settlement

The materials of Penkivka culture from the multi-layered settlement of Cheremushna (Valky district Kharkiv region) are considered in the paper. Finds of jewelry indicate the period of the Penkivka layer of the second half of 6th — 7th centuries. Wideplate fibula and T-shaped belt plaque (Fig. 5: 1, 2) were found in trench 1. Fibula belongs to type 2, variant b by I. O. Havrytukhin. Similar finds (Fig. 6) occur from the hoards of Martynivka circle and the monuments of Penkivka culture. The find from Medzhybizh-Ribhosp, although it originates from Prague region, displays the appearance of Penkivka imports west of its main range. The find from Cheromushnaia falls into the center of the distribution area of such jewelry in the Dnieper Left Bank Ukraine (Fig. 7). The chronology of such fibulae falls on the period of the second half / end of 6th — the third quarter of 7th centuries. The T-shaped belt plaques with U-shaped hole belongs to variant 3 by A. I. Aibabin, group A by I.O. Havrytukhin, Type (E) IA, variant 1 by A. V. Skyba, type А.ІІ.2 by M. Daskalov, group В, type ХV by L. А. Traikova. Similar finds occur from the Middle Dunai, Dnieper, Crimea, the Caucasus and the Volga River (Fig. 8; 9). Among Slavic antiquities, similar products are concentrated in the Dnieper Left Bank Ukraine. The chronology of such finds fits into the period of second half of 6th — 7th centuries. The monument of Cheremushna is multi-layered, and there are also materials of Cherniakhiv and Saltiv cultures. It is important to note that this is the first monument of Penkivka culture in the Valky district and the only one in the upper reaches of the Mzha river basin

Мортальный сюжетно-мотивный комплекс в прозе А. Платонова середины 1920-х — 30-х годов в эсхатологическом освещении

Мортальный сюжетно-мотивный комплекс в прозе А. Платонова середины 1920-х — 30-х годов в эсхатологическом освещении

Domestic Characteristics and Trends of Publications on Bone Metabolism in South Korea between 1998 and 2012

BackgroundThis study was undertaken to investigate the trends in domestic publications on bone metabolism during the last decade, and to document the characteristics of articles in South Korea.MethodsArticles on bone metabolism including osteoporosis published between 1998 and 2012 were evaluated, in terms of title, type of articles, subspecialty, and authors' affiliations. We used descriptive statistics for presenting the characteristics of domestic publication on bone metabolism.ResultsTotal of 247 articles, published articles between 1998 and 2012, were reviewed. Over a total study period of 14 years, the number of articles which was initially 109 in the first half term increased to 247 during the period of second half. Of these 247 articles, 52 were on basic research, and 195 were on clinical research. Although the types of article were added in the later 7 years were much diverse than that of the earlier 7 years, the proportion of original articles has decreased.ConclusionsOur findings presented the characteristics and trends of domestic publication on bone metabolism in South Korea, and concerns for editorial boards in future.

Senojo ir vidurinio geležies amžiaus skydai Lietuvoje

Karyba – organizuoti agresyvūs veiksmai tarp dviejų nepriklausomų politinių vienetų – kaip socialinis reiskinys žinoma jau nuo seniausių laikų. Dar neseniai buvo manoma, kad kariniai konfliktai (pirmiausia reidai, o vėliau ir karai) atsirado kartu su žemdirbyste ir gyvulininkyste, taciau naujausi archeologiniai duomenys rodo, kad tai daug ankstesnis reiskinys – pirmosios jo užuomazgos pastebimos jau paleolite (Thorpe, 2003). [...]