Production Period Research Articles

Heuristics for the two-dimensional cutting stock problem with usable leftover

Utilization of residue is a challenge in engineering practice, because unreasonable cutting causes excess materials wasted and increases the production cost. This work considers the residual two-dimensional cutting stock problem with usable leftover in which unused parts of cutting patterns can be used for future orders. We propose an algorithm that combines the iterative sequential value correction heuristic with the beam search heuristic, considering both the accumulation and the reusability of leftovers to reduce the material consumption. Cutting plans are constructed iteratively and the best one are chosen as the solution. Cutting patterns in the cutting plan are generated sequentially by recursive techniques, and potentially usable leftover are accumulated by beam search heuristic. Item values are corrected after each pattern to diversify cutting plans. Three sets of simulations under different number of periods, over medium and large instances from the literature, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heuristics. Computational results show that the algorithm provides better solutions, which can save a considerable amount of plate in a long-term production period. The utilization of wastages can save a considerable amount of stock plate and contract the production cost of enterprises in the long-term production period.

Punch’ŏng Ware with Incised and Sgraffito Designs of Early Chosŏn: Its Context and Production Period

The “punch’ŏng ware with incised and sgraffito designs” stands as a hallmark of early Chosŏn ceramics. Its production began in the latter part of the fifteenth century, primarily centered around kilns along the southwestern coasts of Chŏlla province. This tradition persisted until the mid-sixteenth century. In the fifteenth-century Chosŏn era, a variety of decorated ceramics found application across a spectrum of functions, including politics, diplomacy, and religious rituals. It is assumed that this particular type of punch’ŏng ware was similarly used in bureaucratic and official contexts. Previous research has suggested that the “punch’ŏng ware with incised and sgraffito designs” may have been influenced by ceramics from northern China. However, this paper proposes a different perspective: the punch’ŏng ware production, utilizing incise and sgraffito techniques, could have its origins in the crafting of tributary wares, characterized by stamped patterns covering their entire surface. Additionally, it is hypothesized that the production of “punch’ŏng ware with incised and sgraffito designs” was concentrated in regions adjacent to the southwestern coast of Chŏlla Province. This geographical focus may be attributed to the ease of transporting ceramics used in the royal court to Hanyang before the establishment of official kilns and the concentration of royal properties in the Chŏlla region. My future research will aim to comprehensively understand the characteristics of “punch’ŏng ware with incised and sgraffito designs” by analyzing its consumption patterns and stylistic features.

Harga Pokok Produksi dengan Metode Full Costing pada UMKM 4K Canteen & Kost

This research aims to gain an understanding of the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured using the Full Costing method. In addition, this research also looks for differences when calculating the cost of goods produced from 4K Cost & Canteen MSMEs. After the research was conducted, it revealed the details of each cost that had been incurred by 4K Cost & Canteen using the Full Costing method. It was found that there were differences in calculations with these MSMEs. The MSME's cost of goods produced for chicken pieces was IDR 2,802,000, and the cost of goods produced for drinks was IDR 2,625,000. After the research was carried out using the Full Costing calculation method, the cost of goods such as chicken pieces amounted to IDR 3,452,500, and the cost of production of Hoola drinks amounted to IDR 3,168,000, when compared to the calculation using the Full Costing calculation method. from the research that has been done that there are costs that have not previously been calculated by 4K Kost & Canteen during the production period.

The influence of photoperiod on development and population growth performance of the Phytoseiulus persimilis fed on Tetranychus urticae

ABSTRACT Environmental factors, such as photoperiod, can play an important role in the development of mites. The influence of photoperiod (L:D = 4:20, 8:16, 12:12, 16:8 and 20:4) on the development and population parameters of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot fed on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch was examined under laboratory conditions. Pre-adult development decreased with increasing photoperiod until 12 h, after which the development period progressively increased. Longevity of both sexes demonstrated significant differences throughout photoperiods, with the longest at 20:4 L:D and the shortest at 8:16 L:D. The highest value of mean total fecundity was 13.62 egg/female at 12:12 L:D photoperiod. The net reproductive rate (R 0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ), showed the highest value at 12:12 L:D. The R 0, r and λ for P. persimilis increased with increasing photoperiod from 4:20 to 12:12 L:D, but decreased sharply at the 16:8 and 20:4 L:D treatments. Our findings indicate that photoperiod has a significant role in advancing the rate of development, survival rate, and reproduction for commercial production of P. persimilis, with a 12:12 photoperiod length recognized as the ideal period for commercial production in culture.

Comprehensive optimization of shading and electrical performance of roof-mounted photovoltaic system of Venlo-type greenhouse in the severe cold region

Agrivoltales is a new paradigm that combines agricultural and renewable energy production, which can reduce the energy consumption in severe cold region. Install PV panels on the greenhouse rooftops can provide required power for the greenhouse, but the shading from the PV panels may affect crop development and yield. In this article, the roof-mounted PV system's performances of a novel Venlo-type PV greenhouse in the severe cold region of China were evaluated and analyzed. By controlling the angle between the south-and-north-facing roof and the horizon (α and β) from 10° to 70°, each 10° increase was chosen as a design case, forming 49 cases in total. The shading rate, daily light integral (DLI) and the performance of the PV system were considered to optimize the Venlo-type PV greenhouse. The results show that when α is not less than 40° and β is 10°, the shading rate of Venlo-type greenhouse is less than 25 % and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) higher than 23.5 mol/m2·d which meets the requirements of most greenhouse crops growth. Through comprehensive evaluation, the optimal case is α at 40° and β at 10°, of which the specific production is 1404 kWh/kWp/year which is the most, both investment and energy payback period are the shortest, power generation is 114.9 MWh/yr, carbon emission reduction is 11202 kg/yr the shading rate is below 25% throughout the year. The case with α at 70° and β at 70° has the largest power generation and carbon emission reduction. However, its shading rate, PAR, specific production, and payback period have the worst performance. The results can facilitate the development of the optimization of PV greenhouses and contribute to the carbon neutrality of facility agriculture and the life of local farmers.

Alfalfa Responses to Intensive Soil Compaction: Effects on Plant and Root Growth, Phytohormones and Internal Gene Expression.

The perennial legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is of high value in providing cheap and high-nutritive forages. Due to a lack of tillage during the production period, the soil in which alfalfa grows prunes to become compacted through highly mechanized agriculture. Compaction deteriorates the soil's structure and fertility, leading to compromised alfalfa development and productivity. However, the way alfalfa responses to different levels of soil compaction and the underlying molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of gradient compacted soil on the growth of different cultivars of alfalfa, especially the root system architecture, phytohormones and internal gene expression profile alterations. The results showed that alfalfa growth was facilitated by moderate soil compaction, but drastically inhibited when compaction was intensified. The inhibition effect was universal across different cultivars, but with different severity. Transcriptomic and physiological studies revealed that the expression of a set of genes regulating the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids was significantly repressed in compaction treated alfalfa roots, and this might have resulted in a modified secondary cell wall and xylem vessel formation. Phytohormones, like ABA, are supposed to play pivotal roles in the regulation of the overall responses. These findings provide directions for the improvement of field soil management in alfalfa production and the molecular breeding of alfalfa germplasm with better soil compaction resilience.

Sustainable and self-sufficient social home through a combined PV‑hydrogen pilot

Utilizing surplus renewable energy to produce and store green hydrogen can help meet energy demands during periods of low renewable energy production, and thus contributing greatly to decarbonize emission-intensive sectors, such as the residential and building sector. In this context, this manuscript reports the design, construction and operation of a hybrid PV‑hydrogen demonstrative pilot (PVHyP) for the 100% electrical self-sufficiency of a social housing in the town Novales (Spain). The work addresses i) the collection of real consumption data from the dwelling, ii) the design considering real characteristics and market availability of the devices, iii) final balance of plant implementation, and iv) the energy management strategy followed. The implemented control system allows the facility to be tracked and operated remotely. Besides, this flagship implementation in the SUDOE region (Spain, Portugal and southwest of France) has achieved the electrical independence from the grid under diverse climate conditions, eliminating 2260 kg of CO2 emissions associated to electricity consumption, saving almost 15,200 kWh of primary energy during two years of monitoring. Thus, around 1170 € where avoided in electricity bills (100% savings), resulting on multiple benefits for social dwellers in risk of energy poverty.

Evaluation of temporal trends of growing degree days index for major crops in Türkiye

AbstractClimate change, previously considered an environmental problem, has begun to be defined as a climate crisis since its effects intensify faster than previously thought, cause severe economic losses, and threaten food security. Climate indexes have been defined as the primary descriptive indicator to acquire a consistent perspective on observed and projected changes resulting from weather and climatic extremes. In this study, the growing degree days (GDD) index, one of the essential indicators in planning agricultural activities, was examined for wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and sunflowers (Helianthus anuus) across Türkiye. The GDD index was examined between 1971 and 2020 for the observed change analysis and between 2023 and 2098 for future projections. Three global climate models and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), that is, 4.5 and 8.5, were selected to assess climate change impact. The analysis of the entire observed period (1971–2020) indicated a considerable increasing trend in the annual total GDD index for wheat, except in the southeast of Türkiye, and maize and sunflower across the country. Assessment results of the climate projection analysis revealed that there would be increases over 1400 and 2300°C day/year for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, for all three crops considered. Additionally, the findings indicated further increases in the southern latitudes of Türkiye. Projection results also confirmed that there will be longer suitable periods for agricultural production, and the crop vegetation periods will be shorter and shift earlier in Türkiyein the future periods.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЛИМИТИРУЮЩИХ ФАКТОРОВ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЧАЯ В КИТАЕ И В РОССИИ

The article presents the results of research for 2020-2022 on the collection and mother site in the village of Uch-Dere. Differences in the weather conditions of tea bushes growing in humid subtropics of Russia with a natural habitat (China) have been determined. Tea plants in the humid subtropics of Russia are more susceptible to stress factors. Due to weather conditions during the growing season (from April to September), where the main leaf period lasts four months (from May to August inclusive). In China, on the contrary, the tea leaf harvest period lasts from April to September and occurs more smoothly due to some differences in weather conditions. Temperature fluctuations in China and in the humid subtropics of Russia are similar, but there are differences in the phase of the active temperature of more than 10 ºС, by month. A steady transition through 10 ºС in the subtropics of Russia is 2-3 decades of April, and in China it is 2-3 decades of March, which allows to start collecting flushes in April. Further, by month, the temperature regime between China and Russia is leveled and the difference in the amount of flushes by month depends only on the amount of precipitation. So, in China, the main precipitation intake is spring 41 %, summer – 34 %, winter and autumn account for 9 % and 16 % of the total annual intake. Therefore, the productive period of receipt of tea leaves in China begins in April and ends in September. Another trend of precipitation distribution in the subtropics of Russia. The main intake occurs in winter and autumn (33.1 % and 28.0 %) during the period of relative rest, which subsequently negatively affects the regrowth of flushes (productive shoots). Key words: VARIETY, THREE-LEAFED FLUSHES, AREA OF GROWTH

A New Method for Numerical Simulation of Coalbed Methane Pilot Horizontal Wells—Taking the Bowen Basin C Pilot Area in Australia as an Example

Coalbed methane (CBM) pilot wells typically exhibit a short production period, necessitating evaluation of their estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) through numerical simulation. Utilizing limited geological data from the pilot areas to finish history matching and subsequent production forecasting presents substantial challenges. This paper introduces a comprehensive numerical simulation workflow for CBM pilot wells, encompassing the following steps. Initially, geological parameters are categorized into two groups based on their statistical distribution trends: trend parameters (i.e., gas content, permeability, Langmuir volume, and Langmuir pressure) and non-trend parameters (i.e., fracture porosity, gas–water relative permeability, and rock compressibility). The probability method is employed to ascertain the probable high and low limits for trend parameter distributions, while empirical or analogous methods are applied to define the boundaries for non-trend parameters. Subsequently, the parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the influence of varying parameters on cumulative gas and water production. Conclusively, experimental design algorithms generate over 100 simulation cases using the identified sensitive parameters, from which the top ten optimal cases are chosen for EUR prediction. This workflow features two technological innovations: (1) considering the most comprehensive set of reservoir parameters for uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, and (2) considering the matching accuracy of both cumulative production and dynamic production trends when selecting optimal matching cases. This approach was successfully implemented in the C pilot area of the Bowen Basin, Australia. In addition, it offers valuable insights for numerical simulation of unconventional natural gases, such as shale gas.

A pioneer Turkish urologist-medical historian (Saim Erkun 1901-1949) and his one-century-old review about prostate.

Saim Erkun (1901-1949) was born in Manisa at Aegean region of Anatolia as an Ottoman citizen. While his early life was spent in late Ottoman times at military actions including military prison camp in British colony; India, his active professional productive period was in early Turkish republic period (Est. 1923, centenary). He had a good education period for medicine with the help of his good level of all main World scientific languages such as French, German, and English. Besides his main profession, he was also interested in Ottoman urological medicine around the conquer of Istanbul and allocated them a space in his books in 1930s. He was one of the earliest urology resident (1929-1933, Istanbul) of modern medicine in Turkey. He performed many urological procedures and published the outcomes following modern scientific algorithms, furthermore, there have been urological books including "history" partly referring to antique Ottoman literature among his publications. In this manuscript we focused on the magic word of Urology forever; "Prostate," among his essays. Turkish medicine, particularly urology, renewed itself by some intelligent hard working young clinicians such as Saim Erkun, immediately after the short struggling by means of establishment process of modern Turkiye after World War I by the collapsing of old Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, we think that the stunning special word of urology, "prostate," should especially be mentioned to emphasize the importance of this beginning.

Rent formation and distortions due to quotas in biological production processes

Production licenses with use restrictions that limit output are commonly used to regulate biological production processes. Such regulations are vulnerable to rent formation and production distortions that can end up subsidizing harmful environmental behavior. This paper develops a partial equilibrium model for a biological production process and use the model to study the impact of production quotas in Norwegian salmon aquaculture. Results suggest substantial regulatory rents capitalized in license values. Production has intensified leading to excessive stocking of fish per license, a shorting of the production period, and smaller produced fish. Our findings provide important insights for quota policies in food production, especially for cases where quotas are motivated by harmful environmental effects.

Tracing the lead source of maiolica: a pilot isotopic study on artefacts from the area of Florence, Italy (fifteenth–nineteenth century)

The manufacturing of Italian maiolica (tin-glazed pottery) was extremely appreciated during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, leading to the production and collection of a rich cultural heritage. This pilot study aims to characterize the production technique and the origin of the lead used as a flux in a set of samples of maiolica glazes made in the area of Florence over a wide time span, ranging from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. In particular, this is the first study that applies provenance analysis, using lead isotopes, to tin-glazed artefacts made in the site of Montelupo Fiorentino and by the Ginori manufactory in Doccia (Florence, Italy), both important production centres of ceramics in Italy. The samples were first analysed by scanning electron microscopy to characterize their layer structure and chemical composition. Lead isotope analysis was then performed by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and showed that the samples tend to be distributed into distinct groups according to their period of production. Moreover, the comparison with the lead isotope composition of the deposits of the European and circum-Mediterranean area from which lead was historically extracted showed that the isotopic composition of the samples differs from that of the Italian deposits, suggesting that lead was imported from abroad. The isotopic composition of all the investigated maiolica glazes is compatible with German ore deposits, in agreement with what is reported by the historical sources relating to the lead supply areas.

Physical Properties and Crop Performance of Four Substrate Fibers in Greenhouse Petunia Production

As peat (P) demand increases throughout the horticultural industry, alternative fibers must be evaluated. Sugarcane bagasse (B), wood fiber (W), and coconut coir (C) have received interest as domestically available alternatives to P, with demonstrated success in producing greenhouse crops. However, there is limited research comparing these materials to peat. This research evaluated the substrate properties and productivity of Petunia Supertunia Mini Vista ‘Indigo’ in pine bark substrates amended with C, W, B, or P and fertigated weekly at 100, 200, or 300 parts per million (ppm) nitrogen (N) to account for possible N immobilization. The container capacity was lowest and air-filled porosity was highest in W and B substrates. Substrate pH increased in W and B substrates, and C substrates were fertigated at 100 ppm N. Increasing the N rate increased the growth index in all substrates, especially B and W substrates later in the production period. Higher fertilization increased shoot mass, chlorophyll content, and blooms across all substrates, demonstrating that fertilizer supplementation may offset possible N immobilization. While plant growth and quality parameters were greatest in the P blend, increasing N applications produced similar-quality plants using alternative substrates, demonstrating that modifying fertilizer management practices can make alternative fibers a viable horticultural substrate.

Evaluation of Energy Complementarity Between Wind, Solar and Water Resources in the Municipality of Lages (Santa Catarina, Brazil)

Purpose: Evaluate the energy complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar resources, and size a wind system and a photovoltaic system to meet the same production of the CGH Caveiras, (Lages/SC). Methods: Wind and solar systems were sized in order to meet the production of CGH Caveiras, from commercial models of equipment and considering data from 2017 to 2019. To assess complementary, data from the same period were obtained from the river monitoring station of ANA and the meteorological station of INMET. Results and Conclusion: In order to meet the demand of CGH Caveiras, only 1 medium sized wind turbine or 915 photovoltaic modules of the chosen models for the study would be necessary, and both systems could be used to compensate for periods of low hydroelectric production. The complementarity was confirmed through Pearson coefficients, where -0.39 was obtained between hydro and wind, and -0.32 between hydro and solar. Temporal complementarity indices, in turn, indicate complementarity between hydro and solar (κhs = 0.778) and between hydro and wind (κhe = 0.611). Research Implications: Both wind and solar resources exhibit complementarity with the hydro patterns of the study area, and either of the proposed systems, wind or photovoltaic solar, could be used in a hybrid manner with the existing hydroelectric system, especially during periods of droughts. Originality/value: Considering the scarcity of energy complementarity studies in Santa Catarina, as well as the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and hydroelectric power generation, research of this nature is essential for the region’s energy security.

Spatiotemporal variability and drivers of modeled primary production rates in the Northern Humboldt Current System

A coupled physical-biogeochemical model was employed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of primary production (PP) rates within the Northern Humboldt Current System (NHCS). The coastal zone spanning 250 km from the shore, from 3°to 18°S, stands out as a highly productive upwelling region, exhibiting an average surface PP value of 2.5 mol C m−3 yr−1. Correspondingly, the average vertically integrated PP within the euphotic layer amounts to 13 mol C m−2 yr−1. In this context, summer emerges as the peak of productivity, yielding 18 mol C m−2 yr−1, while winter signifies the period of least productivity, with 9 mol C m−2 yr−1. Our study revealed that surface PP variability is primarily driven by changes in surface chlorophyll and phytoplanktonic biomass (mainly diatoms), followed by changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels. During summertime, these three drivers contribute to substantial positive anomalies in surface PP. However, the reduction in nutrient availability resulting from weakened upwelling-favorable winds has a slight negative impact on surface PP rates. Yet, this decline is offset by a positive thermal effect during the warmer season. In contrast, during the winter season, a significant decrease in surface chlorophyll concentrations due to a vertical redistribution into a deeper mixed layer significantly diminishes surface PP. Furthermore, the reduction in both PAR levels and biomass concentrations has a comparable effect, further contributing to the decrease in surface PP rates during wintertime. At a depth of 20 m, changes in PP are primarily driven by variations between the opposing influences of PAR and chlorophyll concentrations. While PAR adheres to the seasonal cycle of warming and cooling throughout the year, chlorophyll-driven anomalies exhibit an inverse pattern to those at the surface, influenced by the vertical dilution effect within the mixed layer. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of drivers that govern PP dynamics across various depths within one of the world’s most productive marine regions.

Genetic dissimilarity between sugarcane genotypes at different harvest period for brown sugar production

The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the dissimilarity between sugarcane genotypes through technological and agronomic traits, in three harvest periods for brown sugar production. A randomized complete block design with four replications, using a split-plot treatment layout was used (IACSP 93-3046, RB 96-6928, IACSP 95-5094, IACSP 97-4039, SP 81-3250, IACSP 95-5000, RB 86-7515, IACSP 96-3060, IACSP 04-704, IACSP 04-656) and three harvest periods (15, 17 and 19 months of cultivation) with four replications. Technological traits related to quality parameters and agronomic traits related to the productive aspect were evaluated. According to the results, all genotypes showed a better response in the second harvest. The qualitative variables the apparent sucrose in sugarcane, total recoverable sugars and soluble solids in sugarcane showed differences between genotypes and seasons and are the ones that most contribute to the genetic divergence of brown sugar. For the production of dark colored sugar, the RB96-6928 genotype is recommended among all those evaluated, in the three growing seasons. As for the production of light-colored brown sugar, the cultivation of the genotypes IACSP 04-656 and IACSP95-5094 in season 1, the IACSP 97-4039 in season 2 and the IACSP95-5094 in season 3 is recommended.

Linking diet switching to reproductive performance across populations of two critically endangered mammalian herbivores

Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals maximise energy intake by consuming the most valuable foods available. When resources are limited, they may include lower-quality fallback foods in their diets. As seasonal herbivore diet switching is understudied, we evaluate its extent and effects across three Kenyan reserves each for Critically Endangered eastern black rhino (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi), and its associations with habitat quality, microbiome variation, and reproductive performance. Black rhino diet breadth increases with vegetation productivity (NDVI), whereas zebra diet breadth peaks at intermediate NDVI. Black rhino diets associated with higher vegetation productivity have less acacia (Fabaceae: Vachellia and Senegalia spp.) and more grass suggesting that acacia are fallback foods, upending conventional assumptions. Larger dietary shifts are associated with longer calving intervals. Grevy’s zebra diets in high rainfall areas are consistently grass-dominated, whereas in arid areas they primarily consume legumes during low vegetation productivity periods. Whilst microbiome composition between individuals is affected by the environment, and diet composition in black rhino, seasonal dietary shifts do not drive commensurate microbiome shifts. Documenting diet shifts across ecological gradients can increase the effectiveness of conservation by informing habitat suitability models and improving understanding of responses to resource limitation.

The Effect of Grape Seed Cake as a Dietary Supplement Rich in Polyphenols on the Quantity and Quality of Milk, Metabolic Profile of Blood, and Antioxidative Status of Lactating Dairy Goats

The objective of this study was to assess the impact that diets supplemented with grape seed cake rich in polyphenols had on lactating goats. The study investigated the quantity and quality of goat milk, the metabolic profile of blood, and the antioxidative status. The study involved 24 French Alpine dairy goats throughout their lactation period. The goats were, on average, 5 years old (±three months) and in the fourth lactation. The experiment lasted for 58 days. The control group (CON) had a diet without grape seed cake (GSC). The experimental groups were given a diet containing 5% and 10% GSC on a dry matter basis (GSC5 and GSC10, respectively). A slightly higher milk production, as well as protein and fat milk content, were found in GSC5 and GSC10, but the differences were not significant. Goat milk in the GSC10 group exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, as well as decreased concentrations of GUK and SCC. The feeding treatments did not affect significant differences in hematological and biochemical indicators, except for the BHB content, which can be associated with a higher energy value of feed containing GSC. There was an observed elevation in the activity of SOD within the blood of GSC5, and GSC10 was measured as well. The determined changes justify the supplementation of GSC rich in polyphenols to goat feed, especially in the amount of 10%, as it can reduce stress caused by lactation, which is known as a very stressful production period for animals.

A stable flow hydrogen production of sodium borohydride hydrolysis using millimeter-scale Ru/Al2O3 spheres as catalyst

In this study, we investigated the performance of continuous flow hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis by loading Ru onto millimeter-scale Al2O3 spheres (0.5–1 mm in diameter) (Ru/m-Al2O3) using a simple impregnation method. The results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption and desorption revealed that Ru particles, with an average size of 2.73 nm, were evenly distributed on the Al2O3 spheres, and the catalysts exhibited a typical mesoporous structure. The study investigated the impact of Ru loading, catalyst quantity, catalyst reduction temperature, hydrogen production temperature, feeding rate, and concentrations of NaBH4 and NaOH on the rate of hydrogen production (HPR). The evaluation of hydrogen production revealed that the top-performing Ru/m-Al2O3 catalyst achieved a HPR of 22.44 L min–1 gRu–1 at 30 °C, with an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 33.98 kJ mol–1. The catalyst could continuously produce hydrogen for 1700 min with a 20 % decrease in activity. The characterization results before and after hydrogen production revealed that Ru/m-Al2O3 exhibited excellent structural stability after a prolonged period of hydrogen production, with no apparent changes in its morphology, crystal structure, Ru particle size, and pore structure. In addition, the X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and hydrogen production performance results showed that the flow system could effectively prevent the aggregation of NaBO2 on the catalyst's surface, thereby significantly improving the hydrogen production activity.