Period Of Economic Transformation Research Articles

РИСК-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЕ ПРОАКТИВНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДЛЯ МАЛЫХ ФОРМ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В АГРОБИЗНЕСЕ

The role of agribusiness in the period of economic transformations and the significant impact of crisis phenomena has increased. Small business is becoming attractive as the most flexible area in the agricultural economy of the country (RF). In a proactive vision of the problems of risks of small business organizations, attention is focused on the role of the concept of the threefold nature of the applica-tion for the formation of risk management policy. The triplicity of risk orientation implies taking into account the economic, social and environmental aspects of ag-ribusiness. The groupings of operational risks, social responsibility of business and environmental ones are given.

Sustainable Attributes of China’s Open-End Funds: Navigating to a Green Economy

China is in the midst of a critical transition to a carbon-neutral economy, with various policies and regulations being introduced to facilitate this shift. This study focuses on the open-end funds market in China, a significant component of the country’s capital market, to explore how it is adapting during this period of economic transformation. Specifically, we investigate the influence of carbon and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) risks on the flow of open-end funds. Our findings indicate that sustainability factors are considered in the investment decision-making process by investors. Notably, there exists a negative relationship between sustainable risk factors and fund flows. This observation is particularly pronounced for funds that are designated as low carbon, have a high sustainability rating, or are primarily held by retail investors, underscoring the growing importance of sustainability considerations in the investment landscape of China’s capital market.

Overview and Enlightenment of Green Manufacturing Research

At present, China is in the period of economic transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development, and the balance of economic development, environmental protection and social harmony has gradually become the focus of attention from all walks of life. Therefore, green manufacturing is not only a powerful tool for the development of manufacturing industry, but also the inevitable trend of the development of the new industrialization road. This paper further clarifies the connotation of green manufacturing, sorts out and analyzes the current situation and development trend of green manufacturing at home and abroad, discusses the important role of green manufacturing and its ability improvement in the sustainable development of enterprises, and provides theoretical support and practical reference for green manufacturing innovation of enterprises.

Research on the Spatial-Temporal Disparity and Convergence Characteristics of Innovation and Economic Development in China: Based on Functional Data Analysis

Unbalanced and insufficient development is a prominent problem in China’s period of economic transformation, and an accurate grasp of the current situation and evolutionary trend of innovation and economic development is of great significance in finding a solution and promoting regional coordinated development. This paper introduces the framework of functional data analysis to the study of both innovation and economic development in China, examining its spatial dynamic distribution and convergence characteristic in greater depth. Empirical results revealed the following. (1) Significant regional differences exist in the absolute level of China’s innovation development, with a balanced improvement in the development speed and growth potential. Significant differences exist in the absolute level and speed of economic development, but not in the potential energy of development as reflected by acceleration. (2) The σ(t) function of nationwide and regional innovation development shows a downward trend. There is σ(t) convergence in economic development nationwide and in the northeastern, eastern, and western regions, but the regional disparities in economic development within the six central provinces have not yet been effectively mitigated. (3) Nationwide and regional innovation development are in a state of β(t) convergence. There is significant β(t) convergence in the nationwide economic development, with a transition point from divergence to convergence in the northeastern, eastern, and western regions. However, the β(t) function of economic development in the central region shows a region-wide divergence. The findings of this paper have important policy implications for recognizing the balance and disparities in innovation and economic development among regions in China and promoting coordinated regional development.

Fertility in Russia: A Re-Examination Using Microdata

This paper employs the microdata of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) to discuss the impact of economic factors, such as household income and female wages, and subjective well-being, such as life satisfaction and health condition, on childbirth probability in Russia, which, following a continuous decline in birth rate throughout the 1990s, began to increase in the 2000s, and rose thereafter almost continuously. The following results were obtained: higher household incomes serve to encourage childbirth, while female wages are seen to act by curtailing childbirth, and when indicators such as life satisfaction and health condition are high, the likelihood of childbirth is increased significantly. Most previous research concerning the determinants of the birth rate in Russia has shown that household income has no effect at all, but the findings in this paper suggest that this may have been due to the special circumstances that existed at the beginning of the economic transformation period in the 1990s.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ СТРАТЕГІЧНО ВАЖЛИВИХ ВИДІВ ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ (РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ ПОГЛЯД)

Проаналізовано питання, пов’язані з переформатуванням економічного профілю стратегічно важливих видів промислової діяльності в Україні в довоєнний період, розкрито зміст змін, що відбулися в 1995–2021 рр., у порівнянні з відповідними змінами, які характерні для окремих країн ЄС, зокрема, Німеччини як одного з лідерів в економічному просторі ЄС, а також Польщі, Чехії, Словаччини і Естонії, які пройшли період трансформації економіки від домінуючої планово-розподільної системи до ринкової і, врешті-решт, досягли успіху, ставши членами Європейського Союзу. Серед основних результатів аналізу структурних змін у економіці України і окремих країн ЄС однозначно простежується відсталість української економіки в частині скорочення тих видів промислової діяльності, які формують порівняно високу питому вагу доданої вартості, що зумовлює втрату конкурентних позицій на тлі розглядуваних країн. Відповідно має місце зумовлена домінуванням експорту продовольчих товарів і сировини для їх виробництва, а також промислової продукції, пов’язаної з видобутком мінерально-сировинних ресурсів та їх первинною переробкою, реструктуризація зовнішньої торгівлі України в напрямі примітивізації. Паралельно в імпорті зросла частка продукції виробничого призначення з більш високою питомою вагою доданої вартості, що призвело до формування технологічної залежності та загроз поглиблення подальшого переформатування промисловості в напрямі її периферизації. На основі аналізу позитивних і негативних складових промислової політики повоєнного відновлення і розвитку економіки, що раніше застосовувалися в окремих країнах світу, а також з огляду на наявність в Україні частини промислових виробництв високотехнологічного характеру показано, як шляхом використання наявного історичного досвіду, в тому числі й вітчизняного, можна оминути існуючі загрози, виконуючи так звані "домашні завдання" для забезпечення стабільності розвитку держави. Дана стаття є певним підсумком ретроспективного аналізу характеру розвитку стратегічно важливих видів промислової діяльності майже за останні 20 років. Погляд же на майбутнє буде визначено автором у наступній публікації, запланованій до кінця 2023 р.

Why Do Chinese Private Enterprises Seek Outward Foreign Direct Investment?

AbstractChina is currently in a period of economic transformation and the reform of the factor market still lags behind that of the product market. This study explores the reasons causing China's private enterprise to expand abroad from the perspective of domestic factor market imperfection. Using data for Chinese listed firms between 2002 and 2020, it examines whether outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has been undertaken by private enterprises as a response to domestic factor market imperfection. It finds that private enterprises located in regions with greater factor market imperfection have had a greater tendency to engage in OFDI. This effect has been more pronounced among firms with high productivity or high innovation capability, and among medium and small private enterprises.

A Review of China's Green Transformation of Agriculture in the Context of "Double Carbon"

China is in a critical period of economic transformation, and the green transformation of agriculture is inevitable. Building a new type of agriculture oriented to green and low-carbon is the key to green transformation, which requires improving the laws related to the agriculture of "double carbon", vigorously developing science and technology, and changing the agricultural development model.

Dynamics of wage inequality over the prolonged economic transformation: The case of Vietnam

This study explores changes in wage inequality in Vietnam during a prolonged period of economic transformation. We found that wage inequality increased in the earlier period of 1998–2010, but declined considerably in the following period of 2010–2020. The change in economic structure and increased supply of higher educated workforce have substantially contributed to changing wage inequality. Overall changes in increasing wage inequality over the former period was mainly due to changes in labor market, job and workers’ observed characteristics. In the latter period, however, the decline in wage inequality was related to changes in the returns to job and workers’ observed characteristics. A rapid rise in supply of higher educated workers, which exceeded the demand for skilled labor, in the later stage of economic transformation also contributed to declining returns to education and the decline in wage inequality.

Reflections on Huang Yanpei’s Education View in the New Era

One hundred years ago, Huang Yanpei put forward important educational ideas such as “the use of hands and brains,” “the unity of doing and learning,” and “the power of both hands,” which have guided the development of vocational education in China. At present, China is in a critical period of economic transformation and technological upgrading, which results in higher requirements for vocational education. It is the mission of vocational education to cultivate excellent and skilled talents. This paper examines Huang Yanpei’s views on vocational education and puts forward six targeted recommendations. The research results of this paper can provide references for the formulation of education policies.

Transformation of the economy of post-communist Georgia on the 30th anniversary of the restoration of independence

30-year period of economic transformation in Georgia took place with certain difficulties; the first 10 years were especially painful, when the absolute annual decrease of the gross domestic product amounted to 1.5 billion GEL. The annual average decline of GDP was 8.91%. In the second and third decades, the situation improved to some extent, however, due to the difficulties caused in the first decade, the annual average absolute growth rate for the entire 30 years was 114 million GEL, and the average annual GDP growth rate was 0.4%. The successes achieved in the economy of Georgia in recent years  is not unnoticed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which considered Georgia to be the most successful country in the post-Soviet space in terms of economic reforms. The results could have been better in terms of successful cohabitation, which is delayed in Georgia.  According to the last time periods, the growth of the GDP of Georgia is characterized by a double-digit rate.

An empirical study on urban integration of Chinese elderly individuals with migration in periods of economic transformation: Internal mechanism and economic effects

This study used CMDS2018 data to conduct an empirical study on the urban social inclusion of elderly migrants from the welfare economics perspective. Regression results from fuzzy set theory and several other methods show that living with children positively affects urban social inclusion, while living with their daughters has a greater impact. Migration distance and family wealth negatively impact the urban integration of the elderly. In contrast, the impact of family cohabitation and the economic environment on elderly migrants is strengthened through urban inclusion mechanisms. A higher degree of urban inclusion can effectively mitigate negative effects and enhance positive effects. This study provides empirical evidence from the welfare economics perspective for the urban integration of elderly Chinese individuals with migration in economic transformation.

СТРАТЕГИЯ «УМНОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ» РЕГИОНОВ КАК ФАКТОР ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ

The article analyzes the modern mechanisms of regional innovative development. Based on the main provisions of the implementation of the cluster innovation policy, the authors put forward the assumption that the current period of economic transformation should switch to the strategy of "smart specialization", as this will combine the most effective methods of regional innovation development.

Development of the Education System in Bulgaria in a Period of Economic Transformations

Development of the Education System in Bulgaria in a Period of Economic Transformations

The Impact of the Sino-U.S. Trade War on China's Economy and Countermeasures

Following the U.S. "Section 301 Investigation", The U.S. has launched unilateral trade protectionism, using unreasonable trade practices again in response to the long-term trade deficit. This move is a serious violation of WTO rules and threatens the development of China's foreign trade economy, and it is important for China, which is in a critical period of economic transformation and development, to study this trade war between the U.S. and China. This paper examines the causes of the trade war and its impact on the lives of Chinese residents, the supply and distribution of heavy industry and agricultural products, and economic and trade organizations, and then proposes corresponding strategies to deal with it. The U.S. trade war has both economic and strategic objectives, it has a negative impact on China, but the Chinese economy is being able to bear it, while the U.S. economy is damaged.

Study on the Countermeasures of Rural Economic Transformation and Development

China's rural areas are now in an important period of economic transformation. Xiaogang Village, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, has a distinctive position in China's rural areas and is a typical example of China's rural reform and opening up. Through the research and research on the development status of Xiaogang Village, this paper puts forward the path choice of Xiaogang Village's economic transformation, discusses and analyzes the problems and constraints faced by Xiaogang Village's economic transformation, and how to overcome difficulties and help Xiaogang Village complete the economic transformation as soon as possible.

Factors Influencing the Development of Digital Economy in Local Areas of China Based on Big Data Statistics

With the rapid development of information technology, Internet technology based on big data promotes the formation of digital economy. As a key factor of production in the information age, digital economy has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. In 2017, the CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to build a digital economy with data as the key element. Digital economy is increasingly becoming the mainstream of global economic development. China is in a critical period of economic transformation, and the world is also facing the unprecedented changes in a hundred years. Whether we can seize this mainstream development and push China’s economy to a new level is very important to the national economy. Firstly, this paper expounds the development history and significance of big data technology and digital economy, investigates the development status of digital economy in China, classifies digital economy based on big data ecology, and gives the evaluation principles and theoretical basis of digital economy. Finally, this paper explores the influence model of industrial structure on digital economy, combs the empirical analysis ideas of the influence model, and puts forward some relevant suggestions on the development status of digital economy in China. Based on the background of big data statistics, this paper uses structural equation to study the factors that affect the development of digital economy and gives the model empirical ideas, aiming at promoting the development of national digital economy.

Characteristics Analysis and Identification of Key Sectors of Air Pollutant Emissions in China from the Perspective of Complex Metabolic Network.

Presently, China is in a critical period of economic transformation and upgrading. At the same time, it is also facing the pressure of serious atmospheric environmental pollution, which seriously threatens human health and hinders the sustainable economic development. Air pollutants are closely related to economic sectors, which together constitute a complex network. Air pollutants form an input–output ecological metabolic relationship among different sectors. Therefore, from the perspective of complex metabolic network, this study first constructs an environmental input–output model and then comprehensively uses the relevant methods of ecological network analysis and complex network analysis to analyze the characteristics of China’s air pollutant emission system. Secondly, the key joint sectors of NOx and PM emissions are determined from the supply side and the demand side, respectively. Finally, the corresponding emission reduction measures are proposed for the identified key sectors.

Does social network improve corporate financing efficiency? Evidence from China

During China's economic transformation period, corporate financing efficiency is affected not only by public governance but also by social capital. Based on the data on China's A-share listed companies in 2005–2018, this paper uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure financing efficiency and finds that social network has positive impact on corporate financing efficiency. There is the synergistic effect between social network and public governance on corporate financing efficiency. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have significant comparative advantages over private enterprises in financing efficiency, and the positive effect of social network on financing efficiency is more significant in private firms. It also verifies that financing constraints and risk-taking play mediation roles in the relationship between social network and corporate financing efficiency. In addition, the social networks created by different position types of interlocking executives have different impacts on corporate financing efficiency, and social network can reduce the external financing demand by improving financing efficiency.

Is Industry 4.0 a Revolutionary or Evolutionary Change? Analysis of Chosen Economic Indicators for Slovak and Czech Economy

Since Industry 4.0 has emerged, it has provoked discussions among managers, politicians, educators, workers, and the wide public. Involvement of new technologies into production process, but also rapid development of information and communication technologies, is associated with this concept. These tendencies are a source of concern for workers in the labor market, as Industry 4.0 initiative is seen as a revolutionary change in the production process instead of an evolutionary economic development, especially with positive impact on labor productivity. This concept of Industry 4.0 is used for the analysis of selected economic indicators in the conditions of Slovak and Czech economy from 1995 to 2018, for the analysis of development in all sectors together, but also in individual sectors separately. The results confirm the assumption of a rather evolutionary approach to the economic development, which, after the period of economic transformation, indicates continual investments in technological equipment with new technologies as well, rising productivity and wages, accompanied by increase in number of workers and decrease in hours worked per employee, than a revolutionary change due to implementation of Industry 4.0 initiative. However, the results also point to different developments across sectors.