Period In Nigeria Research Articles

The effect of political songs on choice of candidate, political ideology, and party loyalty among young Nigerians

ABSTRACT Using political songs as a campaign strategy during the election period in Nigeria has exceeded other campaign activities like posters, jingles, and debates. However, there is a need for more information about how listening to political songs affects youths’ behaviour during elections. Like the past elections, political songs played a role during Nigeria's March 2023 general elections. Politicians seek the help of musicians to distribute campaign messages through songs or to compress long speeches and political manifestos into songs so that the message could reach a wider audience. The study employed a grounded theory approach to analyse interviews with young Nigerians aged 18–29 on the influence of listening to political songs on their choice of candidates, political ideology, and party loyalty. The findings indicate that listening to political songs influences the choice of candidates, political ideology, and party loyalty, especially among those with weak political affiliations.

Thoughts on the ink: a critical discourse analysis of women’s petitions in colonial Ijebu, Nigeria (1918–1953)

ABSTRACT Petitions were a prominent platform of engagement between colonial officers and Ijebu women during the colonial period in Nigeria. Studies on Ijebu women have been silent on how lexical choices in their structured petitions against the colonial government reveal inherent contextual issues. To address this void in scholarship, this study investigates petitions in colonial Ijebu with a view to describing the connection between women, power and protest. Engaging insights from critical discourse analysis, complemented with postcolonial feminism theory, twenty petitions constituted the study population. However, eight petitions were purposively selected to describe patterns of Ijebu women’s resistance against colonial hegemony and their implications for petition discourse in Ijebu land. The study notes that petitions in colonial Ijebu are contextually imbued with lexical choices which covertly negotiate power, threat and resistance. The petitions are replete with covert negotiations of power struggles between the colonial officers and Ijebu women.

Genome-wide association study identifies human genetic variants associated with fatal outcome from Lassa fever

Infection with Lassa virus (LASV) can cause Lassa fever, a haemorrhagic illness with an estimated fatality rate of 29.7%, but causes no or mild symptoms in many individuals. Here, to investigate whether human genetic variation underlies the heterogeneity of LASV infection, we carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as well as seroprevalence surveys, human leukocyte antigen typing and high-throughput variant functional characterization assays. We analysed Lassa fever susceptibility and fatal outcomes in 533 cases of Lassa fever and 1,986 population controls recruited over a 7 year period in Nigeria and Sierra Leone. We detected genome-wide significant variant associations with Lassa fever fatal outcomes near GRM7 and LIF in the Nigerian cohort. We also show that a haplotype bearing signatures of positive selection and overlapping LARGE1, a required LASV entry factor, is associated with decreased risk of Lassa fever in the Nigerian cohort but not in the Sierra Leone cohort. Overall, we identified variants and genes that may impact the risk of severe Lassa fever, demonstrating how GWAS can provide insight into viral pathogenesis.

Pattern, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Family History on Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of illness and death in men of Sub-Sahara African origin. The study assessed the pattern of PCa, the effect of family history on PSA at diagnosis, and clinical characteristics of PCa in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 200 participants was performed within a 12-month period in Nigeria. Data were collected through patients' interview and hospital records and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P values <.05 were significant. Mean age of 68.5 years was observed among the 200 study participants. Only 64 (32.0%) had a positive immediate family history of PCa, and 61 (30.5%) were not aware of their family cancer history. Most patients 140 (70.0%) had lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)/lower back pain/leg pain, and the average Gleason score was 7.55 (±0.876). Symptoms of LUTS/lower back pain mostly occurred in patients between 58 and 79 years, while LUTS/leg pain was more common in persons between 60 and 84. Average PSA differed among participants; persons with no family cancer history (M = 143.989; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 114.849-173.129), family history of PCa (M = 165.463; 95% CI = 131.435), family history of cervical cancer (M = 133.456; 95% CI = 49.335-217.576), and persons with no knowledge of their family cancer history (M = 121.546; 95% CI = 89.234-153.857). Univariate one-way (F-Tests) showed that family history of cancer had no significant impact on patients' PSA (R2 = 0.017; adjusted R2 = 0.002; df = 3; F = 1.154; p = .329) at diagnosis. PCa mostly occurred in men within 60 to 70 years of age, and family history of cancer did not predict PSA at diagnosis. Patients presented to health facilities at advanced or metastatic stages. These findings highlight the need for policies and strategies that encourage early PCa screening.

‘When There Is a Ban, There Is a Way’: Everyday Gambling and the Nigerian Political Economy, 1977–83

AbstractThis article focuses on the gambling milieu in Nigeria between the late 1970s and early 1980s. I consider the moment when the Federal Military Government (FMG) banned gambling nationwide, and ask why it became such a divisive issue during this tenuous period in Nigeria's history. I argue that amid impending transitional elections to a democratic regime, gambling embodied three key tensions that saturated Nigerian political and civil society during this period: job creation, the state's relationship with private capital, and the division of political power. Additionally, I propose that examining gambling's recreational value alongside its functional significance opens new avenues for the study of the gambling phenomenon in Africa that move beyond ethical considerations.

Tax Revenue Generation and Economic Growth: A Pre and Post Treasury Single Account Implementation in Nigeria

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between tax revenues generated and the economic growth of Nigeria in a pre and post treasury single account implementation era. The study specifically assessed the relationship between Value Added Tax and the economic growth of Nigeria in a pre and post TSA implementation periods. It also determined the relationship between Company Income Tax and economic growth in a pre and post TSA era in Nigeria. The study also verified the relationship between Customs and Excise Duty and the economic growth in Nigeria, in a pre and post TSA implementation period in Nigeria. The population for the study was Nigerian economy and the sample size was six years of pre TSA era and Six years of post TSA implementation era. This sample was selected because TSA is just six years old in Nigeria and to compare the pre and post, the researcher had to take the same number of years for meaningful comparison. Three hypotheses were formulated for the study in null form using the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) as the dependent variable on Tax revenues comprising Value Added Tax(VAT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Customs and Excise Duty (CED) which are the independent variables. Data for the study was collected from statistical records and bulletins from Central bank of Nigeria and Federal inland revenue bulletins as secondary data for the period of the study. The analysis tool for the study was a Regression and correlation analysis tools which aimed at establishing the relationship between the economic growth of Nigeria and the Tax revenue sources used as the independent variables prior to the introduction of TSA and after the introduction of TSA in Nigeria. The result shows that before the implementation of TSA, VAT has a positive and insignificant effect on the GDP while CIT had a positive and insignificant effect on GDP and CED had a negative and insignificant effect on GDP in Nigeria. On the post TSA implementation

Earnings Announcement and Stock Prices of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT: The study examined the effectiveness of the signaling theory and the efficient market hypothesis in Nigeria during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic which has been an underexplored investigation in the Nigerian capital market. The broad objective of the study was to assess how earning announcements could affect the stock prices of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to analyse the trend of stock prices and examine the reactions of stock prices of quoted DMBs to earnings announcements during a pandemic period in Nigeria. The study employed secondary data from daily closing stock prices of 13 selected banks and the All Share Index (ASI) between 2019 and 2020, sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The Log-in model, Event-study methodology and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test were used to analyse the data. The event-study methodology employed the market model to estimate the expected returns and abnormal returns during the event window. For the weak form of the market efficiency test, ADF was used to test for the presence of unit roots in the time series. Findings from the study showed that 69.23% of banks' stocks in the Nigerian capital market had negative growth, while 30.77% had positive growth during the period. That abnormal returns around announcement days were not statistically significant as abnormal returns of banks that announced an increase or decrease in earnings were -0.01007 (-0.00533) with t-stat values of -0.30355 (-0.16428) respectively. The implication of the findings is that investors could not earn cumulative abnormal returns during the event window and the abnormal returns of most of the banks had an inverse relationship with earnings announcements. Based on these findings, the study recommended, amongst others, that investors should avoid mispriced stocks while investing in index funds in order to earn market average returns and that regulatory authorities should monitor banks listed on the Nigerian stock exchange to guard against abuse of insider information to the detriment of investors.

The Constitutionality Conundrum on Virtual Court Sittings in the Covid-19 Period in Nigeria

In May 2020 a Nigerian High Court sentenced Olalekan Hameed to death via Zoom. Amid the controversy, Rhodes-Vivour JSC, striking out Attorney General of Lagos State v Attorney General of the Federation, instituted to clarify the constitutionality of virtual court sittings, pronounced: ‘[v]irtual sitting as of today are not unconstitutional’. Analysing sections 36(3) and (4) of Nigeria's Constitution alongside judicial authorities on the public hearing imperative, this article argues that the issue is not so much whether virtual sittings are unconstitutional as whether enough has been done to ensure public access to the proceedings. This view is fortified by the elaborate procedure recommended in the Guidelines for Court Sittings and Related Matters in the COVID-19 Period 2020. To ensure access to justice is not truncated, the article recommends: (1) the Chief Justice of Nigeria's (CJN) inclusion of virtual sitting rules in the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules, as restrictions during emergency periods affect fundamental rights; and (2) that all other heads of courts embed the virtual sitting rules in their court rules. This, it is concluded, would prevent haphazard adoption of virtual sittings for adjudication, which could invalidate such sittings for failing to meet the proceedings in public requirement of the Constitution.

P14 Surgical source control and colistin therapy for the management of osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance

Abstract Patient A 45-year-old man from Lagos, Nigeria, now living in the UK, presented to his local hospital with purulent discharge from his knee. During a road traffic accident in 2019, he had sustained open fractures of his femur and tibia. These required surgical fixation and he underwent four surgeries over a 10-month period in Nigeria. He was reportedly on antibiotics throughout this period. In early 2022, he noticed discharge from the knee and was referred to the Bone Infection Unit in Oxford. On examination, left leg shortening and a sinus on the anterior proximal tibia were noted. Knee flexion was reduced to 30 degrees. He was otherwise systemically well. PET-CT revealed two areas of avidity, supporting the clinical diagnosis of fracture-related infection adjacent to a retained tibial plate. Treatment The patient underwent removal of the tibial plate, excision of infected bone, insertion of local antibiotic carrier (Cerament G with vancomycin added) and a medial gastrocnemius flap with split skin grafting. Five out of five intra-operative samples were culture positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with NDM metallo-β-lactamase detected. This was resistant to ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam and cefiderocol. The organism had an aztreonam MIC of 16 mg/mL and a colistin MIC of 2 mg/mL. The patient also had MRSA isolated from all intra-operative samples. Following multidisciplinary team discussion, he was started on aztreonam 2 g QDS and colistin loading with 9 million IU followed by 4.5 million IU BD for the P. aeruginosa and doxycycline 100 mg BD for the MRSA. After 8 days of therapy, he developed a symmetrical body rash, which was felt to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to aztreonam and resolved when aztreonam was stopped. He was subsequently treated with colistin monotherapy for 6 weeks via OPAT. Whilst on this treatment, his renal function was monitored regularly with appropriate dose reductions because of renal impairment. Follow-up at 9 months demonstrates good recovery with no pain or symptom recurrence. Conclusions This case illustrates the challenges of managing fracture-related infections with extensively drug-resistant organisms and the importance of multi-disciplinary input. Drug-resistant infections requiring prolonged courses of antibiotics can be successfully managed using an OPAT service. Finally, this case emphasizes the importance of understanding global patterns of antimicrobial resistance and stewardship to identify cases that are at risk of being infected with drug-resistant bacteria especially where there may be long intervals between establishment of the infection and presentation to healthcare services.

Marked variability in institutional deliveries and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the interventions to mitigate its spread impacted access to healthcare, including hospital births and newborn care. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on newborn service utilization in Nigeria. The records of women who delivered in hospitals and babies admitted to neonatal wards were retrospectively reviewed before (March 2019-February 2020) and during (March 2020-February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in selected facilities in Nigeria. There was a nationwide reduction in institutional deliveries during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Nigeria, with 14 444 before and 11 723 during the lockdown-a decrease of 18.8%. The number of preterm admissions decreased during the lockdown period (30.6% during lockdown vs 32.6% pre-lockdown), but the percentage of outborn preterm admissions remained unchanged. Newborn admissions varied between zones with no consistent pattern. Although neonatal jaundice and prematurity remained the most common reasons for admission, severe perinatal asphyxia increased by nearly 50%. Neonatal mortality was significantly higher during the COVID-19 lockdown compared with pre-lockdown (110.6/1000 [11.1%] vs 91.4/1000 [9.1%], respectively; p=0.01). The odds of a newborn dying were about four times higher if delivered outside the facility during the lockdown (p<0.001). The COVID-19 lockdown had markedly deleterious effects on healthcare seeking for deliveries and neonatal care that varied between zones with no consistent pattern.

Historical Political Economy of the Management and Development of the Nigerian Railways, 1999-2015

During the colonial period in Nigeria, 1900-1960, the Nigerian Railway was one of the strong pillars of the Nigerian political economy. It facilitated the massive economic exploitation and the economic development of the colony. Moreover, it was one of the important legacies of British domination of the Nigerian space up until when Nigeria got her political independence from Britain in 1960. Starting from 1960, however, and up to the 1990s, the economic, financial, and social fortunes of the Nigerian Railway industry declined at a very rapid speed. Its situation during this period was further complicated by the introduction, implementation, and the negative impact of the IMF/World Bank supported neo-liberal economics undergirded Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP). By the very last year of the twentieth century, which year also marked the beginning of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, the Nigerian Railway Corporation(NRC), the statutory body that was charged with the responsibility of managing and developing the Nigerian Railway industry, had become bankrupt and was rapidly dying and was in free fall into total collapse.As a result of the foregoing negative development, and starting with the Obasanjo Administration (1999-2007), renewed efforts were made to reorganise and modernise this important transport and socio-economic infrastructure. The various reorganisation programmes that were initiated and implemented for the Nigerian Railways from 1999-2015 were critically examined. It is argued that in view of the dependent and neo-colonial nature of the Nigerian historical political economy and the rampant corruption that has come to define it, not much would be achieved by way of radical transformation and modernisation of the railway industry in the medium to long term – unless Nigeria becomes industrialised and is then able to manufacture nothing less than sixty per cent of her needs and requirements, Currently nearly of these are still imported in the face of scarce foreign exchange earnings. Keywords: Nigeria, railway, management, development, transformation, modernization DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/13-3-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Telecommuting in the covid-19 period in Nigeria: Implications on public service delivery in Ogun State judicial service commission

Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for telecommuting has enhanced the opportunities available to workers to perform their duties right from different locations outside their offices. Hence, the main objective of this study is to determine the extent to which telecommuting has enhanced public service delivery in Nigeria in the Covid-19 and Post Covid 19 era with specific reference to Judicial Service Commission in Ogun State. The article is anchored on both Technological, Organizational and Environmental (TOE) and Digital Era Governance Theory. The study adopted a descriptive-survey research design. A mixed method approach which comprises both qualitative and quantitative techniques was used. Data were sourced from Ogun State Judicial Service Commission through a structured questionnaire and interview while descriptive statistics such as frequency and tables were used in presenting the data, relevant hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square nonparametric technique of hypothesis testing. Qualitative data were content analysed. Secondary data were sourced from journals, articles, internet materials and among others. The finding of the study reveals that telecommuting enhanced public service delivery at the Judicial Service Commission since the outbreak of Covid-19 Pandemic and in the Post-Covid 19 era. Telecommuting contributed significantly in reducing the spread of Covid-19 virus in the Ogun State public service and the Judicial Service Commission in particular. The study also reveals that telecommuting system does not enhance the efficiency of workers in the public service with reference to Ogun State Judicial Service Commission. On the basis of the findings of the study, it concludes that telecommuting has been found to be an effective strategy that Government at all levels in Nigeria can employ in public service to prevent a disruption in socio economic activities whenever there is an outbreak of epidemic like Covid 19 pandemic in the country. The study recommends that there should be deliberate policy by the government at all levels to encourage Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to be technological compliant and to promote the use of telecommuting so as to engender efficient public service delivery.

Empirical examination of sustainability reporting, return on capital employed and gross profit margin

This study examined the effect of social and environmental disclosure respectively on gross profit margin (GPM) and return on capital employed (ROCE) of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. This was prompted by the dearth of literature on sustainability reporting (SR) and the inexistence of Nigerian based SR standards and guidelines. The study adopted &lt;i&gt;ex-post facto&lt;/i&gt; research design while data were gathered from annual reports and sustainability reports of the 23 sampled companies from the period 2012 to 2021, which represents the International Financial Reporting Standards reporting period in Nigeria as at the time of the study. Finding from the regression analysis showed there is significant positive effect of social disclosure on GPM. However, no significant effect of environmental disclosure was observed on ROCE, which could have been due to other factors outside our scope of study. It is therefore recommended among others that business organizations incorporate SR as part of their reporting policy to reap the associated benefit on GPM with high hopes that other things being equal, constant increase in GPM will influence the ROCE to increase significantly at a point. As policy recommendation, government should put in place annual awards and recognition programs for firms with near or 100% disclosure to encourage a more sustainability-driven economy towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals agenda.

EBIRA MIGRANTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN EKITI, NIGERIA IN THE COLONIAL ERA

This paper explores the migration and spread of the Ebira migrants into Ekiti of southwest Nigeria in the colonial era The impact of colonial rule on Nigeria is still a subject of debate This paper indicates that Ebira migrants are a major factor in the effectiveness of the colonial economy in Ekiti land. In order words, Ebira migrants are a factor in the integration of Ekiti society into the international capitalist system through “cheap workers” in the Ekiti. This article uses a methodology that uses oral sources as well as historical materials in this paper. This paper demonstrates that migration is crucial for the survival of economic development in all societies by solving important problems. This paper follows the same approach, considering the situation in Ekiti land in the colonial period in Nigeria.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0557/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Strengthening Nigeria’s Weak Economy; Does Agricultural Exports Really Matter? Evidence from Cotton Seed Exports

Following recent weakness in Nigeria’s economy, this paper examines how to possibly strengthen the weak economy through agricultural exports particularly cotton seed exports. The paper combines data on yearly cotton seed exports in Nigeria over 46 years (1970-2015) with data on the determinants to examine the relevant variables. Co-integration approach was used in analyzing the data to examine the presence of a co-integrating relationship between the variables in the short and long run. There are two main results from the study. First, the export of cotton seed in Nigeria within the study period was low and fluctuating apart from the 70s when it was high and stable. Second, there was Co-integration relationship between cotton seed export and macroeconomic factors during the study period in Nigeria as it indicated that producers’ price, exchange rate and output are long-run determinants of cotton seed exports. The results therefore indicate that commitments to policies and programmes that can favourdeterminants of cotton seeds exports in Nigeria are calls certainly in the right direction to strengthen its weak economy. These include the provision of export incentives such as removal of stamp duties from export trade, provision of explicit export bonuses, aligning producer price with export price as well as encouraging private sector inclusion through the provision of an enabling environment for the private sector to flourish and get involved in the strengthening of the weak economy. The paper has contributed to agricultural development policy implications connected with agricultural export programs for the government, investors, exporters and farmers in Nigeria.

Virtual learning environment factors as predictors of students' learning satisfaction during COVID-19 period in Nigeria

PurposeThe onus of this study was to find out the role played by virtual learning environment factors on students' satisfaction during the COVID-19 period in Nigeria. A survey was carried out on students in higher education institutions in Nigeria to actualize this purpose.Design/methodology/approachSimple random sampling techniques with the aid of Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample determinant and the Snowball sampling technique were adopted to sample 270 students in higher education institutions in Nigeria. An adapted questionnaire was used. Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated for the two sections of the independent and dependent variables. Virtual learning environment factors yielded 0.89, while students' satisfaction yielded 0.87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlation, two-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis.FindingsThe results of the ANOVA, F (df 4, 265) = 50.905, p &lt; 0.000, indicate a statistically significant relationship (stronger than 0.05) between the independent variables (virtual learning environment factors) and the dependent variable (students' satisfaction). It was found among others that instructors' support and collaboration factors predicted students' satisfaction with virtual learning experiences during the COVID-19 period.Originality/valueVirtual learning during COVID-19 caught both lecturers and students unprepared. Most developing countries especially Africans were used to the traditional face-to-face learning, more so, the use of virtual means to learn was still at a nascent stage. This study, therefore, contributed to the role of the learning environment in virtual learning satisfaction.

The Effects of COVID-19 outbreak on the Nigerian Stock Exchange performance: Evidence from GARCH Models

The recent COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and now it has caused huge death and spread to almost all over the world. There are news that most of the world economy and financial markets would be affected due to protocols such as lockdown and social distancing. In Nigeria, the first case of COVID-19 was identified on 27th February 2020 and this present study examines the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the performance of the Nigeria stock exchange using secondary data for the period of 2nd March 2015 to 16th April, 2020. Also the study considered the COVID-19 period of 2nd January 2020 to 16th April 2020, the results from GARCH models revealed a loss in stock returns and high volatility in stock returns under the COVID-19 period in Nigeria as against the non COVID-19 period. Also, the Quadratic GARCH (QGARCH) and Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) models with dummy variable were applied to the stock returns which shown that the COVID-19 has had negative effect on the stock returns in the Nigeria stock markets. The study therefore recommended that economic policy such as incentive to indigenous companies to create new employments, diversification of the economy to attract new investors, and flexible exchange rate regime that will aid business between Nigeria investors and the international market (trade) be implemented. Lastly, the government of Nigeria should ensure policy that ensures stable political environment and reduction in insecurity in the country.

The Limiting Effects of Inconclusive Gubernatorial Elections towards the Democratic Consolidation of the Nigerian State

Abstract Inconclusive (delayed) elections are fairly a common phenomenon in the practice of representative democracy. In Nigeria, however, they are occasionally allowed to happen and sometimes stage-managed to serve the calculated interests of power centres. Thus, this study inserted in the debate on inconclusive elections and democratic consolidation by investigating the limiting effects of inconclusive gubernatorial elections (IGEs) in Nigeria. The study argued that the Nigerian leaders learned during colonisation and inherited during decolonisation the warped conception of politics as a means of personal enrichment against its service-driven notion. Since the state activities revolve around its power and power is popularly acquired through elections, the election period in Nigeria becomes contentious and controversial or destructive and divisive with its undermining effects on democratic consolidation. The research follows a documentary approach and leverages the information explosion and availability that characterise contemporary times. The systematic examination of the literature shows that the duo of electoral malpractice and violence accounts for the contentious electoral credibility and voter participation (indicating democratic consolidation), leading to the rising IGEs in Nigeria. The findings suggest the imperative for immediate comprehensive electoral rectification to enthrone a renewed electoral system premised on digital election technology that will produce leaders with innocreative ideas and merits for purposeful leadership and good governance in Nigeria as self-serving leaders are disasters to any nation.

A Historical Review of the Egun Tribe in Badagry: 1960 – 2015

There are untold accounts written by scholars on the history of Badagry town. Due to its historical importance to the subject of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade in Nigeria and its rich tourism potential, Badagry town has aroused the interest of not only scholars but visitors everywhere who come for reasons such as leisure, learning or the unique purpose of self-identity (genealogy). Conversely, not much is known or has been written about the people who reside in Badagry town: The Egun ethnic group. The history of this tribe is wrapped up in obscurity that people assumed they do not exist. Therefore, this research work gives an explanatory note on the history of the Egun ethnic group in Badagry. It covers the post-colonial era period in Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to 2015. Data were obtained using a qualitative method(observations and interviews).

Changes in contraceptive and sexual behaviours among unmarried young people in Nigeria: Evidence from nationally representative surveys.

Nigeria is a high-burden country in terms of young people's health. Understanding changes in young people's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviours and the associated factors is important for framing appropriate interventions. This study assessed changes in SRH behaviours of unmarried young people aged 15-24 and associated factors over a ten-year period in Nigeria. We analysed datasets from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018 to assess changes in inconsistent condom use, non-use of modern contraceptives; multiple sexual partnership; and early sexual debut. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed the association of selected variables with the SRH behaviours. Over four-fifths of unmarried young people (15-24) in Nigeria engaged in at least one risky sexual behaviour in each survey year. The pattern of changes in the four risky SRH behaviours was consistent over the 10-year period, with the highest rates of each behaviour occurring in 2018 while the lowest rates were in 2013, thus indicating an increase in the proportion of respondents engaging in risky sexual behaviours over the study period. Comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge, male gender, older age category (20-24), residence in south-west Nigeria, urban residence, higher socio-economic status, secondary/higher education were mostly protective against the four SRH variables analysed across the different data waves. Addressing the high and increasing level of risky SRH behaviours among young people in Nigeria is imperative to improve overall national health status and to ensure progress towards achieving SDG target 3.7 focusing on SRH.