Periapical Dental Radiography Research Articles

Age determination of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using dental radiography pulp:tooth area ratio measurements.

Age is an important parameter to better understand wildlife populations, and is especially relevant for interpreting data for fecundity, health, and survival assessments. Estimating ages for marine mammals presents a particular challenge due to the environment they inhabit: accessibility is limited and, when temporarily restrained for assessment, the window of opportunity for data collection is relatively short. For wild dolphins, researchers have described a variety of age-determination techniques, but the gold-standard relies upon photo-identification to establish individual observational life histories from birth. However, there are few populations with such long-term data sets, therefore alternative techniques for age estimation are required for individual animals without a known birth period. While there are a variety of methods to estimate ages, each involves some combination of drawbacks, including a lack of precision across all ages, weeks-to-months of analysis time, logistical concerns for field applications, and/or novel techniques still in early development and validation. Here, we describe a non-invasive field technique to determine the age of small cetaceans using periapical dental radiography and subsequent measurement of pulp:tooth area ratios. The technique has been successfully applied for bottlenose dolphins briefly restrained during capture-release heath assessments in various locations in the Gulf of Mexico. Based on our comparisons of dental radiography data to life history ages, the pulp:tooth area ratio method can reliably provide same-day estimates for ages of dolphins up to about 10 years old.

Periapical radiography using bisect technique in autistic children through nonpharmacological approach: a case report

Objective:The periapical dental radiography using bisect technique needs a special skill in managing autistic patient. Autism is one of the characteristics from handicapped children with behavioral syndrome caused by neurological disturbance characterized by behavioral disturbance, communication, and social interaction difficulties occurringin the first three years of the children life.Problems occurringin dental radiography in such children make the bisect technique necessary. Dentist and the operator need to do special preparations to optimally create the dental radiograph using two approaches, i.e. nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches.Methods:In this case, dental imaging using bisect technique for autistic children is performed using modified technique for periapical and occlusal imaging as well as nonpharmacological approach.Result:Theradiograph examination for autistic children using modified technique can be done successfully.Conclusion:Dental radiographin autistic children canbe performed by modifying periapical radiograph using bisecting technique with nonpharmacological approach.

The evaluation of relationship between body mass index and mental foramen area using computer-aided methods

Objective: Anatomical structure of the mental foramen (MF) is an essential orientation point particularly for implant planning at surgical clinics of dentistry, for genioplasty operations, and plastic surgery. The aim is to determine the influential factors such as the patient age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on MF anatomy of dental periapical radiograms. Materials and Methods: Our study evaluated the BMI, gender, and age relationship with the calculated areas of the MF based on symmetrically taken 202 periapical dental radiography with a parallel technique of the bottom premolar region of total 101 people ages ranging from 17 to 70 weighing 46–108 kg. Patient age, BMI, and gender were recorded and statistically tested for correlations on the area of the MF. Digital imaging and communications in medicine were measured MF area. Results: Right MF area was measured as 0–20.8 mm2 (mean: 4.98 mm2) and left as 0–17.3 mm2 (4.93 mm2). There was not a difference in the areas of MF between the two sides. Furthermore, it was determined that ANOVA test and BMI, Pearson test with age and gender did not appear to have an effect on MF areas. Only within the obese people, left MF area was significantly different than those with other BMI groups. A negative effect on image quality was found statistically significantly correlated with age and MF. None of the investigated MFs were garbled by any of the investigated influence factors. Conclusion: In incidences in which the anatomical structure of the MF and the areas were crucial; age, gender, height, and weight of the individual were not determinant factors. BMI and MF appeared to have a negative impact.

The use of a radiopaque contrast medium in endodontic radiography.

A series of in vitro studies were carried out to investigate the use and application of a radiopaque contrast medium in conventional periapical dental radiography for the diagnosis and evaluation of root canal systems. The water-soluble radiopaque contrast medium was introduced into the root canals of 30 first permanent maxillary and 30 first permanent mandibular molar teeth. The radiographic images of these teeth with and without radiopaque contrast medium in the root canal systems were compared and contrasted. Further comparisons were made with the same teeth rendered transparent. The results indicate that by standardizing the diagnostic criteria the inter-examiner reliability was in good agreement; it was independent of the radiographic technique used. The validity of the radiographs was enhanced by the use of the radiopaque contrast medium. The results confirm that, with the use of a radiopaque contrast medium, images of root canal systems are easier to read and interpret than plain radiographic images of root canal systems. The use of radiopaque contrast medium in endodontic radiography may be a valuable aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of root canal systems. This system would complement rather than replace plain radiography.

The Intrex—a constant-potential x-ray unit for periapical dental radiography

A comparison of beam quality has been made between the constant-potential Intrex and the Marksman I, a conventional self-rectified, pulsating-potential machine made by the same manufacturer. The combined effects of a constant accelerating potential and an increased thickness of aluminum filtration in the Intrex make possible the production of a radiographs at reduced levels of radiation with no significant loss of radiographic information.

咬合用カセッテを用いた歯軸方向撮影法の基礎的研究

Conventional occlusal radiography and periapical dental radiography are usually applied to a radiological examination of the maxillary anterior region. In these radiographic techniques, however, we can not detect an acurate labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region. To determine an acurate labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region, central X-rays must enter parallel to axes of the maxillary anterior teeth. There are some radiographic techniques in which central X-rays enter parallel to axes of the maxillary anterior teeth, which are sometimes called an axial occlusal projection. One of the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth, using a special intra-oral cassette accampanied with an intensifying screen, is tried fundamentally in this study. This radiographic technique has also a characteristic that it can be done by a dental X-ray machine. The purpose of this study is to compare the radiographic findings obtained by the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth with the radiographic findings obtained by the conventional occlusal radiography. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In the conventional occlusal radiography, the alveolar ridge of the hard palate appeared sharplly, but the posterior region of the hard palate and the labio-lingual relationship in the maxillary anterior region were not distinct. 2. In the axial occlusal projection of the maxillary anterior teeth, the posterior region of the hard palate and the labio-lingual relationship were clearly delineated, but the alveolar ridge of the hard palate was poorly defined. 3. The conventional occlusal radiography and the axial occlusal projection should be used for the diagnosis of the maxillary anterior region. These two techniques supplement each other.

本学附属病院における歯科 X 線検査の推移

Radiographic examination is one of the important clinical examinations in dentistry. Recently a great many radiographic examinations are used in the special field of dentistry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the 97, 654 radiographs (38, 414 patients) taken at the Kyushu Dental College Hospital from 1970 to 1975. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The number of annual radiographs taken increased with the increase in outpatients and the number of radiographs per patient. The number of the orthopantomographs taken is increasing yearly. 2. The number of the periapical dental radiographs decreased temporarily in 1971 but increased steadily later. This fact means that the orthopantomography is not a radiographic technique which replaces the periapical dental radiography in the radio graphic examination of the dento-maxillary region. 3. The periapical dental radiography and the orthopantomography serve different purpose for radiographic examination. The periapical dental radiography should be used for qualitative diagnosis and the orthopantomography for quantitative diagnosis.

Comparison of orthopantomography with conventional periapical dental radiography

A trial mass dental survey was performed using an orthopantomographic technique. In this trial, orthopantomograms were compared with conventional full-mouth dental films with regard to diagnostic accuracy, time required for examination, and gonad doses. Orthopantomography was found to be a useful technique for dental mass surveys and should be modified so as to permit photoroentgenography.