Peri-urban Areas Research Articles

Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Complex (Acari: Ixodidae) From Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Kosovo.

Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick, is the most prevalent tick species in Europe. It favours habitats such as shrubs, deciduous and mixed forests, but can also be found in urban environments. Due to its high vector competence, it is of enormous veterinary as well as medical importance, transmitting tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, Borrelia burgdorferi s. l., the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum amongst many other pathogens. In Kosovo, I. ricinus is the predominant species and a few studies, mostly based on human and animal seroprevalences, indicate the circulation of tick-borne pathogens. However, data on pathogens in I. ricinus are scarce in Kosovo, particularly in urban settings. This study aimed to provide first insights into the circulation of tic-kborne pathogens in I. ricinus from urban and peri-urban areas in Kosovo. Urban and peri-urban areas were sampled by flagging 150 m transects. In total, 197 ticks were morphologicaly identified as I. ricinus, and consequently DNA and RNA were isolated. All individuals were screened for the presence of tick-borne pathogens by using reverse line blotting (RLB) hybridisation. DNA of nine different pathogens from four genera including Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Babesia spp. was detected in 60 (33.5%) specimens. The most frequently detected pathogens were Rickettsia spp. (16.2%), followed by Borrelia spp. (11.7%). Altogether, 54 single infections, 11 double infections and 1 triple infection were observed. We provide first data on genotyping of B. burgdorferi sensu lato as well as the detection of Anaplasma, Babesia and Rickettsia from I. ricinus in this country. The data underline that particularly recreational (peri-)urban areas could facilitate the spillover of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens to humans in Kosovo and provide baseline data for future surveys.

Attica: A Hot Spot for Forest Fires in Greece

(1) Background: Forest fires are widespread in Mediterranean-climate regions and are becoming very common in urban and peri-urban areas. (2) Methods: Wildfires in Attica since 1977 are mapped and types of vegetation burned are reported. (3) Results: Fires are becoming larger. During the period of study (1977–2024), 45% of the burned area was covered with Pinus halepensis forests, 1.4% with Abies cephalonica forests, and 18.5% with shrublands. A relatively high percentage of the burned area (BA) affected more than once consisted of pine forests (65%). Ten percent of the total BA lies within the boundaries of the Natura 2000 network, Europe’s most important network of protected areas, of which 38.9% was burned. At the interannual scale, the BA in Attica is negatively correlated with relative humidity, while reduced precipitation may contribute to the expansion of wildfires. (4) Conclusions: Fires are becoming larger over time, with low humidity increasing the higher fire risk. Since the changing climate is expected to create more severe and uncontrollable conditions, mitigation and adaptation measures should be planned and be introduced immediately.

Microbiological characterization of drinking water and socio-environmental study in the peri-urban area of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

ABSTRACT The aim was to analyze the groundwater quality and evaluate the socio-environmental factors associated with the indicators of environmental contamination in the peri-urban area of La Plata. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 2013 and 2023, and six neighborhoods were selected. Water samples were taken according to the Argentine Food Code and a parasitological analysis of the water was performed using ultrafiltration. Socio-environmental analyses were carried out with semi-structured questionnaires and a generalized linear model was used considering a binomial distribution. Of the total water samples, 70% (75/106) indicated that the water is not suitable for consumption. The highest contamination by total coliforms was observed in Abasto, and the risk of contamination by this indicator was higher (odds ratio > 5) compared to other neighborhoods. A moderate percentage of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli was found in Melchor Romero and El Peligro, although it was higher than that detected in the other neighborhoods. Pseudomonas spp. was observed in all the samples in Arana and in moderate amounts in Abasto and Lisandro Olmos. Entamoeba spp. and Blastocystis spp. were found in a quarter of the water samples. It is essential to manage environmental sanitation and family health access policies.

The importance of women in 21st century rural Spain: Challenges and opportunities

The recent wave of urbanization has resulted in a significant increase in the number of people living in urban areas, surpassing those in rural areas. This concentration of people in cities promotes resource efficiency and economic growth. In Spain, 85% of the population live in urban (and peri-urban) areas, compared to 15% in rural areas. In recent times, the expression “España Vaciada” or “Empty Spain” has become popular to describe the depopulation problem in rural parts of the country. The objective of this qualitative study was to measure and analyze the opinions and perceptions that rural women have regarding the problems they are currently experiencing as well as their role as change agents in potentially promoting rural socio-economic resurgence both in the short and long term. We implemented a ten-question online survey using Google Forms from March 28th to May 13th, 2024. 216 women residing in towns and/or rural areas from 39 of the 50 provinces in Spain answered the survey. Most female interviewees affirmed that they played a very or fairly important role in rural areas, and most considered that their role would become more relevant in coming years. The depopulation problem was primarily caused by three main issues: a lack of employment, depopulation, and inadequate transportation. Although the role of women is a pillar for their communities, their numbers in rural Spain have been dwindling, and the territories have become, through time, more masculinized, thereby creating the imperative of creating socioeconomic opportunities for rural women to redress the resultant gender imbalance.

Cholera in Zambia: Explanatory Factors and Mid-term Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals

Cholera, a highly contagious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, poses a severe public health threat, especially in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. Symptoms such as acute watery diarrhoea, vomiting, and muscle cramps can lead to rapid dehydration, and without timely treatment, cholera can be fatal. Globally, cholera incidence has increased significantly, with World Health Organisation data showing a rise from 223,370 cases in 2021 to 472,697 in 2022, with the number of affected countries growing from 35 to 47. In Zambia, cholera outbreaks are recurrent, particularly during the rainy season, with 30 outbreaks recorded between 1977 and 2018. Fishing camps in rural areas and densely populated peri-urban areas, particularly in the Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces, report the highest incidences, attributed to inadequate waste management and poor drainage. This study investigates the factors influencing cholera dynamics in Zambia, focusing on climate variability, population density, and water and sanitation infrastructure. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, analysing historical cholera records, climate data, and socioeconomic factors since 1977. The article seeks to identify correlations between environmental and socioeconomic variables and cholera incidence, to guide effective public health strategies. The findings aim to support Zambia’s efforts to eliminate cholera within its borders by 2025, aligned with the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan and Vision 2030.

Exploring Infant Size and Body Composition at 18 Months: An Ambidirectional Peri-Urban South African Cohort Study.

The first 1000 days of life lay the foundations for subsequent growth. This ambidirectional study, including prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors, aimed to identify exposure variables affecting body size and composition and corresponding Z-score outcomes at age 18 months in infants born to women at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a peri-urban area of South Africa. Prenatal factors (maternal age, HIV status, anthropometry, parity, food insecurity and umbilical artery resistance index Z-score (UmA-RIAZ) as a measure of placental function, with higher UmA-RIAZ indicating poorer placental function); perinatal factors (infant sex, gestational age and birth anthropometry) and postnatal factors (infant feeding) were included as exposure variables, with infant anthropometry and body composition at 18 months as outcomes. Simple linear regression analysis was used to investigate associations between exposure variables and infant outcomes, and variables with p < 0.10 were included in the subsequent multiple regression analyses. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher UmA-RIAZ predicted lower birthweight [-0.11 kg (95% CI: -0.17, -0.04 kg)], birthweight-for-age Z-score [-0.24 (95% CI: -0.39, -0.09)] and 18-month infant length [-0.9 cm (95% CI: -1.4, -0.4 cm)] and length-for-age Z-score [-0.28 (95% CI: -0.45, -0.11)]. Maternal HIV infection predicted reduced 18-month infant length-for-age Z-score [-0.46 (95% CI: -0.83, -0.09)]. Household food insecurity predicted reduced fat-free mass-for-age Z-score at 18 months [-0.27 (95% CI: -0.51, -0.03)]. Infant anthropometry and body composition outcomes, therefore, are greatly affected by pre- and postnatal nutrition-related factors, such as placental insufficiency in utero and household food insecurity, with long-term consequences including stunting, which impact the individual, future generations and society.

Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area

Fawn bedsite selection by a large ungulate living in a peri-urban area

PERI-URBAN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, A CATALYST FOR CLIMATE RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN GROWTH IN IBADAN, NIGERIA

This study examines the role of peri-urban green infrastructure (PUGI), as a catalyst for climate resilience and sustainable urban growth in the Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara, and Ologuneru areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. Rapid urbanization and population growth have aggravated environmental challenges in the city, including flooding, urban heat islands, and loss of biodiversity. PUGI, defined as the strategically integrated natural and semi-natural elements in the peri-urban interface, offers innovative solutions to these pressing climate change related issues. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we conducted surveys with local residents to assess their perceptions of climate change impacts through three key indicators: heat waves, rainfall, and flooding. A Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to capture the respondents' experiences and beliefs regarding these indicators, with scores ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Our findings revealed that the mean scores for heat waves and flooding fell below the neutral point of 3, indicating a lack of clear consensus among respondents regarding their effects. However, the rainfall indicator achieved a mean score closer to 4, suggesting a more pronounced recognition of its impact on the environment and health conditions. Despite this, many respondents expressed uncertainty about the extent to which climate change indicators influenced their daily lives and community well-being. The study highlights the critical need for enhancing green infrastructure in these peri-urban areas, which could mitigate climate change effects by improving air quality, reducing urban heat islands, and managing stormwater. By integrating green spaces into urban planning, stakeholders can foster a more resilient urban ecosystem. Ultimately, the findings underscore the importance of community engagement and education to better understand and address climate challenges, positioning peri-urban green infrastructure as a vital strategy for sustainable development in Ibadan.

EFFECTS OF LAND DEGRADATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF MOUNTAINOUS SETTLEMENTS IN PERI-URBAN IBADAN, NIGERIA

This study investigates the effects of land degradation on the sustainability of mountainous settlements in the peri-urban areas of Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara, and Ologuneru in Ibadan. The research aims to assess how environmental changes impact the quality of life and overall sustainability in these regions. Methodologically, a structured survey was administered to a sample of 346 residents across these settlements, with a high response rate of 325 completed surveys, resulting in an effective response rate of 94%. The survey sought to capture residents' perceptions of their living conditions, the impact of land degradation, and the general sustainability of their environment. The findings reveal that a significant majority, 87.6%, of respondents expressed satisfaction with their living conditions in the study area, indicating a positive perception despite challenges. Conversely, 22.4% of respondents reported dissatisfaction, highlighting areas for improvement. The study identified several key issues related to land degradation. The hilly terrain in these areas is notably prone to flooding, which can exacerbate the effects of land degradation and increase the vulnerability of the settlements. However, these regions also benefit from certain environmental advantages, such as reduced exposure to heat waves compared to lower-lying areas. This can contribute to a more comfortable living environment and partially offset some of the adverse impacts associated with land degradation. In conclusion, while land degradation in Eleyele, Adetokun, Alafara, and Ologuneru presents challenges, including susceptibility to flooding, residents generally maintain a positive outlook on their living conditions. The lower incidence of heat waves in these mountainous areas offers some relief. Addressing the impacts of land degradation through targeted interventions can enhance sustainability and improve overall resident satisfaction.

Murine typhus as the leading cause of non-focalized fever in the Canary Islands.

This prospective study aims to diagnose the etiology of non-focalized fever lastingbetween 5 and 28 days in the islands of La Palma and El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) during 2021, usingserology and PCR. The etiological profile described in this study aligns with that of fever of intermediate duration (FID), withzoonoses being the primary cause. Murine typhus (MT) is identified as the leading cause, followed by Q fever (QF).The incidence of MT is the highest reported nationally and comparable to the highest in Europe, with 39.6 casesper 100,000 inhabitants in La Palma and 79.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in El Hierro. Q fever, known to beendemic to the Canary Islands, presents incidences of 26.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in La Palma and 15.6cases per 100,000 inhabitants in El Hierro. MT shows no gender differences and has a homogeneous geographicaldistribution. In contrast, QF is more prevalent in men and has a heterogeneous geographical distribution. The high incidence of MT found in both urban and peri-urban areas is particularly noteworthy. Its potential connection with climate change and/or the growth of the reservoir population in the Canary Islands remains unknown. MT's similarity to QF in terms of clinical signs and treatment, coupled with the absence of a specific protocol for early diagnosis, may have contributed to its underdiagnosis. MT can lead to significant health concerns, including risk of hospitalization, complications, and even death. Therefore, the registration of cases for epidemiological control is deemed essential.

Geographic information system mapping and predictors of glycemic control in children and youth with type 1 diabetes: a study from Western India.

Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, is a novel way to provide insights into spatial distribution of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and associations between T1D outcomes and potential predictors. We aimed to explore GIS in children with T1D, and identify predictors of poor glycemic control. Design: Cross-sectional; Participants: 402 children and youth (187 boys) with T1D. Place of residence (coordinates) of participants were geocoded in GIS. They were divided into two groups living in urban or peri-urban areas using ArcGIS Pro. The characteristics of urban/peri-urban living were linked to sociodemographic and biochemical data and spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed. Association between glycemic control and distance to our unit was studied. Mean age was 13.2±4.7 years; 196 children were living in urban areas, 206 in peri-urban areas. There was significant difference in HbA1c between groups (Urban 9.9 (9.7, 10.2) %, Peri-urban 10.5 (10.1, 10.8) %) (p=0.004); mean difference 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) with poorer glycemic control and higher prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency in peri-urban and higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in urban areas. There was significant correlation between glycemic control (HbA1c) and distance to our unit r=0.108 (0.023, 0.218) (p=0.031). Individuals with an HbA1c≥9.5 were residing farther away (58.9 (49.4, 68.5) km) as compared to those with HbA1c <9.5 (44.5 (35.1, 53.9) km) (p<0.05). Children with T1D when grouped using GIS had differences in glycemic control and comorbidities; peri-urban participants and those residing further away from our unit had poorer glycemic control. Future efforts may be aimed at identifying centers and channelizing resources towards children showing poor glycemic control, thus optimizing disease management.

Integrating Local Food Policies and Spatial Planning to Enhance Food Systems and Rural–Urban Links: A Living Lab Experiment

The development of synergies between rural and urban areas is one of the EU’s objectives to contribute to smart and inclusive growth. Effective governance of rural–urban links is essential for balanced development but often lacks policy coherence. This study examines the role of spatial planning and food policy integration in enhancing local food system sustainability and resilience, specifically in peri-urban areas. It investigates challenges and enablers in this integration through a Living Lab experiment in Lucca (Italy) as part of the ROBUST H2020 project. The Living Lab methodology entailed envisioning, experimenting, and experiencing phases to identify key rural–urban connections and assess governance arrangements, focusing on reclaiming abandoned land in peri-urban areas together with local stakeholders. By highlighting the strengths and limitations of a multi-year collaborative research approach, the research highlights a weak recognition of rural–urban linkages and the need for improved dialogue between rural stakeholders and urban planners. Key recommendations comprise formalising public–private partnerships and cross-sectoral projects linking agriculture with education, tourism, and landscape (e.g., agricultural parks).

RESEARCH ON CAPITALIZING ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS SPECIFIC TO THE PERIURBAN AREA OF THE CITY OF CRAIOVA THROUGH CULTIVATION GRAPES FOR OBTAINING D.O.C. WINES "BANU MĂRĂCINE"

The peri-urban area is located on the border between the urban and the rural environment, it has distinct characteristics that reflect the influences of both types of spaces. The Banu Mărăcine wine area is recognized as part of the wine areas with the widest vocation for obtaining wines with the right to carry the designation of controlled origin (D.O.C). Starting from these considerations, vine growers and especially the specialists from the Banu Mărăcine S.D., try to identify possibilities to maintain at a high and constant qualitative level the specific character of wine production, taking into account the climatic changes that have occurred in the last years. The present paper represents a case study regarding the results of grapevine cultivation in the Banu Mărăcine wine area, located in the peri-urban area of the city of Craiova.

Feeding the cities: Urban agriculture for food security and sustainability of urban areas

Abstract With the increasing migration of people to urban areas, the demand for extra, fresh, and healthy food in cities has escalated manyfold. Further, anthropogenic activities, high rise buildings, and unplanned construction in urban areas are increasing urban heat. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the salient features and constraints of urban agriculture, in addition to illustrating traditional and modern approaches, and policies used worldwide to promote the urban agriculture (UA). Urban agriculture is a key component of sustainable urban development that plays a pivotal role in combating food security and malnutrition in peri-urban and urban areas by growing different fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, herbs, flowering and ornamental plants in urban dwellings for food and aesthetic purposes. UA often combines with other functions like urban greening, biodiversity, waste recycling, environmental disaster reduction, CO 2 absorption, urban heat island reduction, recreational benefits, contributing to the circular economy and UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Plants in UA are grown in vacant open spaces, rooftops, balconies and containers, resulting in urban organic harvest by fostering income and health improvement. The concept of UA is being utilized efficiently in many countries. However, there is still a need to promote UA by arranging community gatherings and school students, creating awareness and capacity building through education and training. Growers need to be connected to land and open spaces, enhancing value addition in UA and formulating supportive policies to foster Agri-tourism in urban farms to making it a successful initiative. Recent innovative research ideas and new technological developments such as artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), automation and mechanization in UA are opening new avenues for quality food production in urban areas for sustainable cities.

Socio-environmental maps as tools to characterize the risk of parasitosis in the horticultural peri-urban area of La Plata, Argentina

Socio-environmental maps as tools to characterize the risk of parasitosis in the horticultural peri-urban area of La Plata, Argentina

Biological and Chemical Quality of Sachet-Packaged Water in Togo: Public Health Risk Analysis in the Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Atakpamé, Togo

Biological and Chemical Quality of Sachet-Packaged Water in Togo: Public Health Risk Analysis in the Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Atakpamé, Togo

Systematic Review of Air Pollution in Ethiopia: Focusing on Indoor and Outdoor Sources, Health, Environment, Economy Impacts and Regulatory Frameworks

The varied geography (Bekele, 1996) and rapid economic growth of Ethiopia (World Bank, 2020) might have impact its air pollution patterns, with topography, elevation, and climate variability (Lemma Gonfa, 1996) playing significant roles. Environmental challenges, including deforestation and climate change, also affect air quality. This study offers a systematic review of air pollution research in Ethiopia, providing a thorough analysis of its health, environmental, and economic impacts, regional variations, and policy suggestions. It addresses both indoor and outdoor air pollution, assessing their wide-ranging effects. Data were gathered through an extensive search of peer-reviewed articles, policies, and guidelines using Google Scholar and reputable sources, following PRISMA guidelines. The review highlights critical sources of air pollution in Ethiopia, including indoor biomass fuel combustion and outdoor emissions from traffic and industries. Indoor air pollution, particularly from traditional biomass fuels like wood and dung, affects rural and peri-urban areas, leading to high levels of particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Outdoor pollution, driven by urbanization, industrial expansion, and vehicle emissions, worsens health issues and environmental damage. The study identifies severe health consequences, such as respiratory infections and cardiovascular diseases, with air pollution contributing to premature deaths and rising healthcare costs. Economic analysis highlights the significant costs related to healthcare, lost productivity, and infrastructure damage. Environmental impacts include harm to plant health, soil degradation, and contributions to climate change. Despite initiatives to improve air quality monitoring and regulation, challenges persist due to outdated policies, limited infrastructure, and insufficient data. The study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive research and regulations to tackle air pollution crisis.

Assessment of the Production System of Indigenous Dairy Cattle Breeds in Metekel and Some Parts of the Awi Zone, Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Mtekel and some parts of the Awi Zone to assess indigenous dairy cattle production patterns in the study area. The majority of respondents (98.3% and 53.95%) were male and literate, respectively. Land holdings varied significantly, ranging from landless households to those owning up to 280 hectares. The predominant farming activity was mixed farming (69%). Agriculture was the primary source of income for 79.3% of respondents across all districts. The trend in cattle productivity was increasing, with the main objective of cattle production being income generation. Cattle were the major contributors to household income, followed by crop production, and were considered the most important livestock species in the area. Crop residues and communal grazing lands were the primary feed resources during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Overall, cattle production was identified as the major income source, a significant contributor to household income, and a multifunctional agricultural activity for the farming community in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of the study area. The relevant authorities should focus on improving cattle production in terms of feed, breeding, health, and management practices to enhance productivity and improve livelihoods.

Milk Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Ambo and Dendi Districts, West Shewa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

This study was aimed at analyzing value chain of milk in Urban and Peri – Urban areas of Ambo and Dendi districts of West Shewa Zone. The study made use of both primary and secondary data collected from 146 smallholder farmers, 30 consumers, 10 Hotels and Cafeterias and 2 primary milk cooperatives through application of individual interview schedules, focus group discussions and key informant interview. The analysis was made using descriptive statistics and value chain analysis. The value chain analysis revealed that the major actors in the districts milk value chains are input suppliers, milk producers, collectors, processors and consumers. Accordingly, the value chain activities in the chain were input supply, production, processing, marketing and consumption. Four milk marketing channels were identified and relative to all other fresh milk marketing channels, producers get a higher proportion of total gross marketing margin when they sell milk to cooperatives. Profitability analysis result for dairy production indicated that, a dairy producer obtains average gross margin of 83.65per improved cow per day, in the study areas which shows that dairy production was a profitable venture for smallholder dairy producers. Milk value chain in the study areas was hindered by shortage of feeds, continuous increasing price of feeds, poor AI service provision, poor supply of genetically improved cattle breeds, limited availability of credit services, limited extension service provision, poor feeding and animal husbandry practices, low level of market linkage among the value chain actors, absence of milk processing plant and non-market oriented milk production. Therefore, policy aiming at increasing farmers’ access to modern inputs, feed conservation practices, adequate training provision to AI technicians, developing and improving infrastructure, cooperative development and improving extension services are recommended to accelerate the milk value chain’s development in the study areas.

Organophosphate and carbamate susceptibility profiling of Anopheles gambiae sl. across different ecosystems in southern Benin.

To overcome the spread of high pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vectors and malaria disease persistence, it is crucial to look for effective and better resistance management strategies. Understanding the phenotypic profile of Anopheles gambiae sl. against alternatives insecticides like organophosphates and carbamates is crucial. Anopheles larvae and pupae were collected from the breeding sites in rice fields, pineapple crop areas, and peri-urban areas. WHO susceptibility tests were conducted on unfed female mosquitoes aged 3-5 days old. Mosquitoes were exposed to malathion 5%, pirimiphos-methyl 0.25%, and bendiocarb 0.1% using the standard WHO protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect species, kdr and Ace-1 mutations. Anopheles gambiae sl. from Sèdjè-Dénou rice field population was resistant to bendiocarb (0.1%) with a mortality rate of 72.2% whereas Anopheles gambiae sl. populations from Zinvié-Dokomey (rice field), Zè-Tozounmè (pineapple field), and Adjagbo (peri-urban area) were suspected to be resistant with mortality rates of 90%, 93.5%, 95.4% respectively. However, all of them were susceptible to organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) with a mortality rate of 100%. PCR assay revealed that 100% of the mosquitoes tested were Anopheles coluzzii. The frequencies of Ace-1R mutation in all Anopheles coluzzii populations tested were low (3-27%). Organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) have maintained their efficacy against Anopheles coluzzii populations from Sèdjè-Dénou (rice field), Zè Tozounmè (pineapple field), Zinvié Dokomey (rice field), or Adjagbo (peri-urban area). The good efficacy of these organophosphates against Anopheles coluzzii populations from the southern part of Benin are observed in the current study. The use of pirimiphos-methyl for IRS in this part of the country would be a successful alternative for malaria control in this area.