Peri-urban Areas Research Articles

The emerging middle ground: A case study of vernacular Hakka settlements in the peri-urban areas of southern China through an architectural heritage analysis

Rapid urban expansion is transforming rural areas globally, prompting scholars to challenge the traditional urban-rural dichotomy and focus on transitional zones such as the rural-urban fringe and peri-urban areas. This article documents the evolution of architectural morphology in traditional Hakka settlements in peri-urban areas of southern China and coins the hybrid architectural landscape combined with urban and rural characteristics in these ambiguous territories as the “Middle Ground.” Fieldwork was conducted in four Hakka villages in Heyuan, northeast Guangdong, China, between 2021 and 2023. An explorative case study was employed to analyze the architectural morphology of the Middle Ground by mapping village fabric, dwellings, and street markets through aerial photography. A participatory perspective was also incorporated, involving observation, interviews, and documentation of the daily life of local villagers. This research examines how authority and mobility have shaped the Middle Ground, potentially leading to a state of “placelessness,” and explores the role of rural heritage in this context. This research contributes to the broader discourse on peri-urban areas by offering an architectural heritage atlas as an addition to existing research.

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among individuals living in a peri-urban area in Uganda: A cross-sectional study.

The Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus was first reported in China in December 2019. It then spread to all countries and from March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. In Uganda, the disease was first reported in March 2020 and COVID-19 vaccines became available by January 2021. Although COVID-19 vaccines were available in Uganda, uptake remained low. The aim of this study was to establish COVID-19 vaccine uptake awareness in a peri-urban setting in Entebbe City, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 127 men and 263 women who reside in Entebbe City, Uganda. Data was collected on socio-behavioral characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about COVID-19 vaccine using interviewer administered questionnaires. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccine was defined as the proportion of participants who had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. We used descriptive statistics to estimate awareness of COVID-19 vaccines. The 'chi-square test' and 'modified Poisson regression' were used to assess variations in uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among respondents and their socio-demographics as well as other characteristics. Ninety-nine percent (388 out of 390) of the study population were aware of at least one brand of COVID-19 vaccines in the country. Thirty-five percent (138 out of 390) knew that the vaccine immunity was achieved 14 days after the 2nd dose and 98.7% (385 out of 390) admitted that observing the standard operating procedure for COVID-19 infection prevention was necessary after vaccination. There was a gap in knowledge on vaccine safety reported by 74.6% (291 out of 390) participants. Some participants 37.2% (145 out of 390) had concerns about the vaccine. Of these, 57.9% (84 out of 145) believed that the vaccines were not helpful; and 30.3% (44 out of 145) feared serious side effects. Sixty-six percent (257 out of 390) believed that vaccines were not working and 79.0% (308 out of 390) admitted that vaccines were promoted for financial gain. At the time of performing the study, 36.2% and 22.3% had received the 1st and 2nd dose respectively. The main sources of information on COVID-19 vaccine were television (TV) and social media (p-value 0.001). In a multivariate model, COVID-19 vaccine acceptability was associated with salaried and self-employment (p-value 0.046). The other predicative factors were awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine (p-value <0.001) and having vaccine concerns (p-value 0.013). Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Entebbe community was low, partly attributed to knowledge gaps and concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness. This highlights the need to enhance dissemination of information about COVID-19 vaccine. The lessons learnt in this study would be relevant for other emerging infections by informing vaccination implementation programs in similar settings.

Forest fates: Unraveling the peri-urban social-ecological trajectories in Mexico City's conservation land.

Peri-urban areas provide multiple ecosystem services, but face critical challenges, including deforestation, unplanned urban sprawl, and environmental pollution and degradation. To address these issues, environmental public policy instruments have been implemented. This paper aims to investigate the social ecological trajectories of a peri-urban area of Mexico City and the role of environmental public policy instruments in addressing land use change. Focusing on four watersheds of the southern periphery of the city, we analyze land use change drivers through neural networks and Markov chains, and we develop two land use scenarios for the next 20years: one characterized by business as usual and another with a more restrictive land use regime. Our findings show that infrastructure drivers are the most critical factor overall, when combined with the historical social ecological trajectory of the study area. The impact of environmental public policy instruments on future trajectories demonstrates their potential to decrease deforestation. The results provide insights for the integrated territorial planning of peri-urban areas with similar social ecological dynamics and developing context.

Effects of soil compaction on above- and belowground interactions during the early stage of forest development

Forested green spaces in urban and peri-urban areas are expected to serve multiple roles, including providing ecosystem services and maintaining species diversity and soil health, both of which are particularly important for human health. However, soil compaction is a major cause of soil degradation in urban areas and brownfields (abandoned, previously developed land). We examined the effects of compaction on soil physicochemical properties, tree species richness, tree basal area, and the functional diversity of microbial communities in an immature volcanic soil through a long-term (14-year) field experiment. Our experimental results showed that soil compaction reduced not only both tree species richness and biomass but also the multifunctionality of soil microbial communities. Furthermore, tree species richness was significantly positively related to soil microbial decomposition activity. These findings provide evidence of above- and belowground interactions and underscore their importance in the design of urban forests using ecosystem-based solutions.

City Boundaries—Utilizing Fuzzy Set Theory for the Identification and Localization of the Urban–Rural Transition Zone

This article examines the potential of fuzzy set theory for analysing gradual changes in land use patterns within peri-urban areas. The primary objective of the study was to propose a methodology based on fuzzy set theory for the precise delineation of city boundaries and the identification and spatial localisation of the urban–rural transition zone. The analysis focused on elucidating the defining parameters of this area and the scope of land use changes within the urban–rural transition zone. The analysis employed data from four discrete time points. The data were collected in 2005, 2010, 2017, and 2022. The characteristics of the urban–rural transition zone were evaluated through an examination of historical data and the current land use patterns in regions experiencing direct urbanization pressure. The study demonstrated that, although spatial barriers remain, the city’s development has continued at a consistent pace. Between 2005 and 2010, the area of land classified as urban exhibited a 10% increase, with a further 7% increase observed in the subsequent period, spanning 2010 to 2017. In the most recent period under examination, the urban land area increased by 9%, a figure that is consistent with the rates observed in previous years. These results indicate the stability of urbanization processes in the analysed city, while also revealing significant changes in the limits of urban development and in the intensity of land use. The research project concentrated on the city of Olsztyn and the neighbouring suburban areas, which are subject to direct influence from the city’s expansion. The area under study encompasses 202.4 km2 within an eight-km radius of the city centre. The authors of the study emphasized the necessity for systematic monitoring of changes in the transition zone between urban and rural areas. This is to ensure effective control of spatial development and ongoing adjustment of planning tools to effectively prevent uncontrolled expansion. The methodology used enabled the precise delimitation of urban development and the transition zone. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of changes in land use intensity.

The sustainable livelihood model of farmers in the peri-urban areas of Bandung city

Welfare is the goal of every endeavor undertaken by humans, including farmers. However, to achieve prosperity, it is necessary to ensure that the sustainable livelihood conditions of each farmer are in good condition, supported by good characteristics and mastery of the five development capitals. This research aims to · Analyze the sustainable livelihoods of farmers on the outskirts of Bandung City; · Analyze the dominant factors that influence the sustainable livelihoods of farmers in the outskirts of Bandung City; · Analyze the influence of sustainable livelihoods on the welfare of farmers on the outskirts of Bandung City. The method used in this research is a predominantly quantitative mixed method. Data analysis in this study used structural equation modeling (SEM) involving 177 samples of farmers in Andir Village, Baleendah District and Mekarwangi Village, Lembang District. The research results showed that: · Respondents perceived sustainable livelihoods in the quite high category with a score of (3.68); · Respondent characteristics, financial capital, social capital and physical capital have a significant influence on sustainable livelihoods, while natural capital and human capital do not have a significant influence on sustainable livelihoods; · Sustainable livelihoods have a significant influence on the welfare of farming households. Based on the research results, there is a need to increase control of the five development capitals through farmers' efforts and initiatives as well as intervention from the government.

Factors Affecting Food Security of Expropriated Peri-Urban Households in Ethiopia: The Case of the East Gojjam Administrative Zone

Food insecurity in peri-urban areas is exacerbated by high living costs, limited access to healthy food, and economic inequality. Despite its growing prevalence due to factors like land loss from urban expansion, food insecurity has received limited attention. In Ethiopia, drastic urbanization creates competition for land between agriculture and urban development, which is becoming extreme in peri-urban areas., This study aims to assess the impact of urban expansion on food security among expropriated peri-urban households in Ethiopia. Using a calorie intake-based food security line, we categorize respondents as food-secure or -insecure. The research analyzed data from 350 expropriated peri-urban households through a structured questionnaire, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. About 67% of the respondents were classified as food-insecure. The binary logit model identified several significant determinants of food security, including compensation amount and type, household head demographics, agricultural land rent participation, irrigation and credit access, off-farm income, and organic fertilizer use. To address food insecurity among expropriated households, policymakers must prioritize these factors. Government attention and policy consideration are crucial to ensure the well-being of these vulnerable populations.

Regenerative and innovative processes in the urban and peri-urban area of the city of Rome

Rome stands out for a fragility that stems from the disordered interpenetration of its rural soul with its urban agglomeration. The relationship between city and suburbs still appears complicated today and reverberates on the degree of social cohesion of its inhabitants. Bottom-up experimentation projects are being grafted into the extended area of the capital, reviving disused public property, abandoned land, to eliminate degradation especially in fragile contexts, developing regenerative processes of active citizenship. The purpose of the paper is to underline innovative experiences, in the urban and peri-urban area of Rome, pointing out their actions aimed at sharing common values, developing territorial welfare and protecting the environment.

Healing Through Dialogue: Exploring Culturally Sensitive Physician-Patient Communication in Urban and Peri-urban Minna, Nigeria, for Addressing Postpartum Depression

The research was on physician-patient communication. Specifically, the study investigated the communication relationship between physicians and mothers experiencing postpartum depression (PPD) in urban and peri-urban areas of Minna, Nigeria. The study aimed to understand the nature of communication strategies used by physicians, their effectiveness in aiding recovery, and the challenges hindering effective communication. The study fills a research niche on how different forms of communication with patients influence the recovery of postpartum depressed mothers in Minna, Nigeria, and how healthcare professionals may need to promote culture-sensitive communication. The study was anchored on the patient-centered care model. In-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) were adopted as the primary research methods. The study had a total of 204 respondents, 196 nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous women with PPD for FGD, and 8 medical experts for in-depth interviews. Findings showed that empathy and informal interactions were used as mothers responded positively to physicians who addressed them with a smile, concern, and active listening. Further findings revealed that effective communication led to better outcomes. Participants felt that open-ended questions, patient involvement in treatment plans, and emotional expressions encouraged by physicians led to improved well-being. The basis for the measurement of effective communication for improved health outcomes was measured through self-reported improvements from the mother. Also, cultural sensitivity, utilisation of interpreters, and readily available information resources in hospitals were identified as crucial for addressing communication and cultural barriers. The researcher concluded that physician communication style significantly impacts PPD recovery and, therefore, recommended that healthcare institutions should create supportive environments and train professionals in cultural sensitivity. Dedicated resources like information desks and support groups can empower mothers with PPD. The implications of the study highlight the importance of communication in PPD treatment and suggest actionable strategies for healthcare institutions to improve their interaction with mothers experiencing this critical mental health condition in Minna and similar settings.

Biodiversity loss in a gradient of urbanization: rodent community structure in a subtropical area of Northern Argentina

Abstract Urbanization promotes habitat degradation because it involves irreversible processes that homogenize habitats and favor the exclusion of native species. This research evaluates rodent community structure at different levels of urbanization in Misiones, Argentina. We expect that rodent communities are less diverse in more highly urbanized areas and that communities differ between each level of urbanization. To assess these hypotheses, rodent capture sessions were carried out from July 2017 to March 2020, totaling 21,985 trap-nights. Alpha and beta diversity were calculated for each level of urbanization. We captured a total of 684 individuals belonging to 8 sylvan-native and 2 commensal-exotic species. Species richness was greatest and evenness was lowest in natural protected areas. The native species Akodon montensis was the most abundant, while the remaining 7 native species represented less than 23% of the total of captures. The rural area showed the second-highest richness, and the community was principally represented by 2 native and 2 exotic species. The periurban area was ranked third in richness and with the highest evenness, dominated by A. montensis followed by Mus musculus and Rattus rattus. The urban area exhibited the lowest richness represented only by the 2 commensal-exotic species. In agreement with our expectations, these results show a negative association between urbanization level and small rodent diversity, evidenced by a reduction in the number of native species in highly urbanized areas.

Socio-Economic Determinants of Human Negligence in Wildfire Incidence: A Case Study from Pakistan’s Peri-Urban and Rural Areas

This study aims to examine the socio-economic determinants of human negligence in wildfire occurrences across Pakistan’s peri-urban and rural regions. Increasingly frequent and severe wildfires, driven by climate change, socio-economic conditions, and human negligence, have become a pressing issue. Rising global temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have created drier conditions, while unsafe human activities—such as improper disposal of flammable materials and unsafe agricultural burning—further escalate wildfire risks. These issues are particularly pronounced in Pakistan, where high poverty levels, limited resources, and low education contribute to dangerous behaviors. Weak governance and poor policy enforcement further exacerbate the problem. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey from 500 participants across five regions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher poverty levels significantly increased negligence, whereas higher education and improved access to resources reduced it. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) highlighted the critical roles of local governance, policy enforcement, and community engagement in mitigating wildfires. Correlation analysis indicated an inverse relationship between wildfire risk awareness and negligent behavior. Chi-square tests demonstrated a strong connection between wildfires and migration patterns, underscoring the socio-economic instability caused by these events. Finally, linear regression showed that wildfires significantly impact regional climate indicators, emphasizing the need for integrated management strategies. This study offers valuable insights into the socio-economic factors driving wildfires in Pakistan and provides guidance for developing targeted mitigation strategies.

Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness of a self-help group intervention to encourage smoke-free homes in slums of Kochi(Kochi Intervention for tobacco smoke free homes-KIFT)

Background Exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is a cause for heart disease and lung cancer among non- smokers. This cluster randomized control trial will evaluate the effectiveness of a tobacco smoke free home intervention in reducing exposure to second hand smoke. Protocol The intervention will be conducted among 30 clusters in urban and peri-urban areas of Kochi, India. The sample size is 300 per arm and 15 clusters to detect a minimal difference of 0.03ng/ml in cotinine levels between groups, at 80% power with a two-sided alfa of 0.05 considering variable cluster size. A baseline survey will be undertaken to identify smokers. Data related to smoking, indoor smoking, nicotine dependence, blood pressure (BP) of smokers, morbidity experienced, and lung volume Fev1/Fev6 of smokers will be measured. Urine cotinine, morbidity, BP of spouse and child will be assessed. Air quality monitors measuring PM2.5 will be placed in homes. Trained self-help group women and frontline health workers will implement the intervention. The intervention will consist of monthly home visits to educate the smoker on the harms of second-hand smoke using 3 A’s. The circle of influencers around the smoking men will also be contacted by the members of self-help group to provide support to stop smoking within homes and to quit. They will then organize two-three meetings of community leaders and heads of women’s groups, present data on harms of SHS, and explain the rationale for establishing smoke free homes in their community for a duration of six months. After the intervention a post assessment will be conducted and this will be repeated after six months. Ethics and dissemination The trial protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. Results will be submitted to open access peer reviewed journals and shared with other stakeholders. Trial registration CTRI/2021/06/034478

Personal and Socio-economic Characteristics of Farmers in Peri-Urban Area of Raigad District, India

Personal and Socio-economic Characteristics of Farmers in Peri-Urban Area of Raigad District, India

Case–control study of fatal bicycle crashes in peri-urban areas of Delhi

ObjectivesThere is a lack of evidence on interventions to improve the safety of cycling use in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the impact of road design and traffic characteristics...

Outcomes of a Community Cat Program Based on Sterilization of Owned, Semi-Owned and Unowned Cats in a Small Rural Town

Free-roaming cats in urban and peri-urban areas and in rural towns pose significant challenges due to their nuisance behaviors, threats to wildlife, and potential disease transmission. Traditional management methods often involve trapping and euthanizing many of these cats, which is not only costly but also distressing for the shelter staff involved, and have failed to reduce numbers of impounded cats or cat-related complaints. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Community Cat Program that provided free sterilization, microchipping, and preventative veterinary care for all owned, semi-owned, and unowned cats in a small rural town with high cat impoundments in Ipswich, Queensland. The program was instigated by the Australian Pet Welfare Foundation in collaboration with the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Queensland and the Animal Welfare League, Queensland, and it was funded by various organizations including Fondation Brigitte Bardot. Data from 2017 to 2023 were analyzed to assess the impact of the program on cat intake and outcomes in local shelters. A total of 308 cats were sterilized, representing 94 cats per 1000 residents over 3.4 years, and in the third year, this was associated with a 60% decrease in cat intake, an 85% reduction in numbers euthanized and 39% fewer cat-related calls to the local council. These findings suggest that high-intensity, targeted sterilization programs significantly decrease shelter intake and euthanasia, and thus alleviate the psychological burden on staff. These programs are a humane and effective alternative to traditional cat management, and benefit animal welfare as well as community wellbeing. This is aligned with a One Welfare approach, which enhances the well-being of animals, humans, and their environments. Legislative changes are required to support these programs to effectively decrease the numbers of free-roaming cats in cities and towns and the issues they cause, while protecting human wellbeing.

Association between food security status and dietary patterns in a cohort of first-time food-aid users.

To examine the associations between food security status and dietary patterns among first-time food-aid users. From September 2018 to January 2020, a sample of 1001 newly registered food-aid users from 106 community-based food donation organizations were recruited across urban, rural, and peri-urban areas in four administrative regions of the province of Quebec, Canada. The Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and the Short Diet Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess food security status and food intake, respectively. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Regression analyses were performed on 987 participants with complete data to quantify the association between food security status and dietary patterns. Three main dietary patterns were identified: prudent (intake of fruits and fruit juice, plant-based beverages and legumes, green salad, carrots, other vegetables, whole grains, and fish), western (intake of poultry, red meat, potatoes and fried potatoes, rice, and pasta and refined grains), and snack foods (intake of salty snacks, cheese, butter and margarine, sweets, condiments, sweet beverages, and processed meat). Food insecurity was negatively associated with the prudent dietary pattern and positively associated with the snackfood dietary pattern. This study highlights the complexity of dietary patterns in a vulnerable population of first-time food-aid users, especially among those who are severely food insecure.

Peri-Urban Floodscapes: Identifying and Analyzing Flood Risk Areas in North Bhubaneswar in Eastern India

Peri-urban catchment areas are increasingly susceptible to floods due to rapid land use transformations and unplanned urban expansion. This study comprehensively examines flood vulnerability in the rapidly developing peri-urban areas of North Bhubaneswar, focusing on significant changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and hydrological dynamics from 2004 to 2024, utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The analysis reveals substantial shifts in land use patterns, with the urban footprint expanding by 71.8%, cropland decreasing by 21.7%, and forest areas by 13.6%. These changes have led to increased impervious surfaces, resulting in higher surface runoff and decreased groundwater recharge, thereby exacerbating flood risks in the region. The GRID-based vulnerability analysis classifies 90 villages within the catchment area based on their vulnerability levels, identifying 20 villages as high-risk areas requiring urgent attention, 44 villages as medium vulnerable, and 26 villages as low vulnerable. These classifications are based on factors such as proximity to drainage networks, slope, geomorphology, and LULC characteristics, with areas near drainage channels and low-lying regions being prone to flooding. The analysis integrates multiple factors to provide a comprehensive assessment of flood risk, highlighting the need for sustainable land use planning, conservation of vegetated areas, and the implementation of advanced flood prevention strategies in the peri-urban areas. Extending this research to other fringe regions could offer further valuable insights, guiding flood prevention and sustainable development strategies for areas undergoing significant land use transformations to effectively mitigate future flood risks.

Early Molecular Detection of Invasive Alien Plants in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas

Invasive alien plants represent one of the five major threats to biodiversity and the disruption of ecosystems. They are introduced through various routes, starting with commercial trade. Preventing their introduction is essential to avoid the spread of new invasive plants. In this paper, we propose a new early warning DNA barcoding tool for invasive plant detection. Eight invasive alien species of European Union concern (i.e., Ludwigia grandiflora, Elodea nuttallii, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Pontederia crassipes, Ailanthus altissima, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera, Pueraria montana) were selected and analysed. A unique DNA marker for each species was identified and amplified using species-specific primers capable of identifying the presence of alien species. To verify whether the approach could detect the presence of alien plants in urban areas from lawn clippings, mixes with typical urban spontaneous plants and invasive species were tested. In all mixes, only the invasive species was identified. This rapid detection capability will enable environmental operators to intervene promptly to contain the spread of invasive plants before they can cause significant damage to the local ecosystem. This tool could have a significant impact on the protection of local biodiversity and the integrity of urban habitats.

Native and non-native winter foraging resources do not explain Pteropus alecto winter roost occupancy in Queensland, Australia

Anthropogenic land use change concurrent with introductions of non-native species alters the abundance and distribution of foraging resources for wildlife. This is particularly concerning when resource bottlenecks for wildlife are linked to spillover of infectious diseases to humans. Hendra virus is a bat-borne pathogen in eastern Australia. Spillovers align with winter food shortages for flying foxes and flying foxes foraging in agriculture or peri-urban lands, as opposed to native forests. It is believed the increased abundance and spatiotemporal reliability of non-native species planted in anthropogenically modified areas compared to native, ephemeral diet species may be a key draw for flying foxes into urban and peri-urban areas. We investigate the explanatory power of environmental factors on the winter roost occupancy of the reservoir for Hendra virus, the black flying fox Pteropus alecto, from 2007-2020 in Queensland, Australia. We measured the extent, spatial aggregation, and annual reliability of typical (i.e. native) and atypical (i.e. non-native) winter habitat species in 20km foraging areas around roosts surveyed by the National Flying Fox Monitoring Program. We find that neither the extent nor the spatial distribution of winter habitats explained black flying fox winter roost presence. Although the establishment of roosts was associated with high reliability for typical winter diet species, the reliability of frequently listed winter diet species surrounding surveyed roosts was not different between roosts that were occupied versus unoccupied in the winter. Significant interactions between lagged weather conditions and winter habitats identified by the best model did not reflect observable differences in patterns of occupancy upon scrutiny. Static measures of winter habitat and weather conditions poorly explained the winter roost occupancy of black flying foxes. Understanding the drivers of flying fox movement and presence requires further investigation before they can be thoughtfully integrated into Hendra spillover prevention efforts and flying fox management.

Assessment of Husbandry Practices, Production and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Cattle in Urban and Peri -urban Areas of Gambella City, Ethiopia

The objective of the present study was to characterize cattle husbandry practices, production and reproductive performance of cattle in the urban and peri-urban areas of Gambella city. Sample of respondents from each selected kebele were selected randomly using simple random sampling technique. A total of 133 household (70 from urban and 63 from peri-urban) were selected for questionnaire interview. Data was analyzed using SPPS version 23 software. The overall mean of the respondents revealed that, the management system practiced was semi-intensive (87.2%), extensive system (12.8%) and there was no intensive management system practiced. the overall mean daily milk yield was 1.58± 0.017 Littre/cow/day. The overall mean daily milk yield analysis of variance was significantly (P&amp;lt;0.05) difference among urban and peri-urban areas. The current result also indicated that, the overall average lactation length was and 10.59± 0.15 months, and was not significantly (P&amp;gt;0.05) affected by the study areas. The overall average age at first services, age at first calving and calving interval was 46.31±0.33, 51.51±0.54, and 19.01±0.11 months respectively. In Addition, disease prevalence, poor animal health service delivery, grazing land and feed shortage were among the major constraints affecting production and productivity in the study areas. In conclusion, Age at first services, age at first calving and calving interval of indigenous cow was low compared to some of the indigenous breed in other regions, animal health and health services delivery are the problems affecting cattle productivity. Hence, all concerned stakeholders need to take urgent interventions in order to improve production and productivity of cattle.