Reviewed by: Legacies of the Magdalen Laundries: Commemoration, Gender, and the Postcolonial Carceral State ed. by Miriam Haughton, Mary McAuliffe and Emily Pine Eamon Maher (bio) Miriam Haughton, Mary McAuliffe and Emily Pine (eds), Legacies of the Magdalen Laundries: Commemoration, Gender, and the Postcolonial Carceral State (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021), 274 pages. This is a very important addition to the ever-increasing list of academic studies dealing with the dark shadow cast by the presence of the Magdalen Laundries in Ireland and the sad legacy they left in their wake. In their introduction, the editors explain how it is incumbent on Irish society to face up to the reality of what went on behind the walls of these institutions where girls and young women were sent, sometimes for having become pregnant outside of marriage, but often for the simple reason that their parents were deemed incapable of looking after them properly. One can detect the (justifiable) anger of the contributors to this collection at the obvious collusion of Church and state in what some would describe as the unlawful incarceration of more than 10,000 girls and women between the years of 1922 and 1996. As someone who comes from Roscrea where Sean Ross, a Mother and Baby Home, was located, I am well-placed to understand society’s ability to ignore things happening under its nose. I was totally ignorant of the previous function of the abbey before I read Martin Sixsmith’s award-winning book Philomena and saw the powerful film version of the same name. For me, St Anne’s (as it was called when I was growing up) was a much-lauded school for children with disabilities: I never knew it had been a place where unmarried mothers and their babies were sent. Philomena Lee, the heroine of Sixsmith’s book, gave birth in Sean Ross to a son Anthony, who went on to become a highly regarded member of the Reagan administration in the US before his untimely death from AIDS in 1993. Mike (the name given to him by his adoptive parents) travelled to Ireland and visited Sean Ross on more than one occasion in an effort to make contact with his birth mother, but his efforts came to naught when the nuns denied they had any knowledge of Philomena’s whereabouts, whereas they did, in fact, know her address. Such subterfuge is a feature of how the Magdalen (often spelt with an ‘e’ at the end) Laundries and other such institutions operated. The editors rightly argue that the treatment of women in the Laundries was an expression of ‘social attitudes that viewed vulnerable members of [End Page 196] the population as morally suspect, a ‘problem’ which the state, church, and citizenry responded to through mass institutionalization.’ The multidisciplinary approach adopted by the contributors to this volume employs methodological and theoretical lenses ranging from psychology to history, readings of political, artistic and oral testimonies, site-specific dramatic and activist performances, and autobiographical testimonies from those who spent time in the Laundries. The findings of the McAleese report into the operation of the Laundries are described as providing hard evidence that the state had been directly involved in committing a large number of women to them, that it conducted regular inspections of the Laundries under the Factories Act, that it funded some of the Laundries’ operations, that Gardaí returned women who attempted to escape from them. As such, ‘State culpability for the laundry was clearly demonstrated.’ Responding to the McAleese Report in 2013, then Taoiseach Enda Kenny said in a Dáil address: ‘The Magdalen women might have been told that they were washing away a wrong or a sin, but we know now – and to our shame – they were only scrubbing away our nation’s shadow.’ Indeed, the tendency to refer to Laundries offering a refuge to ‘fallen women’ and the idea that the inmates were given an education and some training, are shown to have had little basis in truth. James Smith’s description of the ‘architecture of containment’ embodied in places like industrial schools and Magdalen Laundries, is quoted by many of the contributors in a collection that aspires to be...
Read full abstract