Performance Properties Of Asphalt Binders Research Articles

Effects of two metal nanoparticles on performance properties of asphalt binder and stone matrix asphalt mixtures containing waste high density polyethelene

Asphalt mixtures has a long history of usage as pavement due to its economic efficiency. Asphalt mixtures have various modes of failure as they go through various temperature profiles and loading stresses over time since they are viscoelastic materials. Three different forms of distress, including rutting, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking, are frequently seen in pavements composed of HMA. Such troubles limit its service life and lead to unsatisfactory service conditions. One of the most popular additive to modify bitumens is polymers. Numerous disadvantages prevent the widespread use of polymers in asphalt concrete (AC) mixture modification for the building of roads. Research on using complimentary materials, including nanomaterials, to counteract the detrimental effects of polymers while improving the performance of the AC combination has recently drawn a lot of interest. Recent years have seen pavement specialists reach the conclusion that modifying asphalt using composite material is the best way to address the issues with binder additives and meet requirement for asphalt mixture. So, in the current research, original asphalt binder was modified using nano-CuO, nano-Al2O3, carbon nano tube (CNT) as a conductive material, and HDPE. To improve their qualities, modifications were made to the additions Nano-CuO (2%, 4% by weight of asphalt binder), Nano-Al2O3 (2%, 4% by weight of bitumen), CNT (1%), and HDPE (3%, 5%). In addition to rheological bitumen testing and storage stability tests, other physical binder tests were conducted, including ones for penetration grade, softening point, and ductility. Additionally, tests for dynamic creep, four-point beam fatigue (FPBF), indirect tensile strength (ITS), Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) and resilient modulus (Mr) were conducted to examine the impact of compound-modified binders on the performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures. According to the results, adding nano-CuO and nano-Al2O3 lowered the penetration grade and raised the softening point. The combination of combind modifiers has the highest performance against rutting and fatigue distress, according to the findings of MSCR and LAS tests. The addition of Nano-CuO and Nano-Al2O3, CNT, and HDPE increased the ITS, MR, rutting resistance, and fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixes, according to the findings of mixtures tests. The mixture, which included all three additions, exhibited the most favorable qualities overall.

Experimental investigation of performance properties of asphalt binder and stone matrix asphalt mixture using waste material and warm mix additive

Many distresses occur in the pavement due to the increase in traffic and changes in weather conditions through the year (hot to cold). Asphalt binder modification is the best way to control these stresses. On the other hand, utilization of warm mix asphalt additives has significant environmental benefits. This research investigates the influence of simultaneous usage of two waste material (ground tire rubber (5%, 10% 15%, and 20% by weight of asphalt binder) and natural bitumen (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of asphalt binder)) on performance behavior of asphalt binders and mixtures containing warm mix asphalt additive. Performance behavior of binders and mixtures were evaluated by several tests such as; conventional asphalt binder tests, linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), storage stability, resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, dynamic creep, hamburg wheel track, and four point beam fatigue (FPB) tests. The statistical analysis was performed to investigate the additives have significant effect or not. Results revealed that fatigue and rutting performance of samples were improved by combination of waste materials. Addition of waste natural bitumen led to decreases the low-temperature behavior of asphalt binder, while addition of waste ground tire rubber improves the resistance against low-temperature cracking. Addition of natural bitumen up to 10% has positive impact on storage stability of binder and by adding more content of additive, phase separation occurred. Warm mix additives improve the fatigue and rutting resistance of mixtures containing waste materials. Adding 20% CR to 30% Gilsonite -modified binder causes an enhanced the high temperature characteristics of about 34%. Based on outcomes, waste ground tire rubber enhances the fatigue resistance of mixtures containing natural bitumen. In general, utilization of waste materials in combination with warm mix additives improve the performance properties of asphalt binder and mixture. Mr of mixtures, containing 40% Gilsonite, was 52% greater compared to base mixture. Nonetheless, 30% Gilsonite as well as 5% CR had Mr values nearly 44% higher compared to base mixture. Also, based on statistical analysis, addition of mentioned additives has significant effect on improving the performance of specimens.

Predicting the Recovery and Nonrecoverable Compliance Behaviour of Asphalt Binders Using Artificial Neural Networks

Additives are widely used to enhance the rheological and performance properties of asphalt binder to satisfy the demands of extreme loading and climatic conditions. Meanwhile, adding to the complexity of asphalt binder behaviour that requires more time, effort, and material resources during laboratory work. The purpose of this research was to use Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict the recovery (R) and nonrecoverable compliance (Jnr) behaviour of asphalt binder based on mechanical test parameters and rheological properties of asphalt binder. A comprehensive experimental database consisting of the results of the frequency sweep and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) test using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) at five test temperatures (46 ∘C, 52 ∘C, 58 ∘C, 64 ∘C, and 70 ∘C). Prediction models for R and Jnr of asphalt binder modified with different contents of fly ash, fly ash-based geopolymer, glass powder/fly ash-based geopolymer, and styrene–butadiene styrene (SBS) were developed. The ANNs model was developed using five input parameters (temperature, frequency, storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity) and one hidden layer with five neurons. The results pointed out that the hybrid and 4%SBS binders achieved the highest ability to resist extremely heavy traffic and to recover the deformation with 60.1% and 85.5% at 46 ∘C, respectively, compared with the other modified asphalt binders. Excellent R-values for the total data set of 0.937, 0.997, 0.985, and 0.987 for Jnr3.2 of unaged binder, Jnr3.2 of aged binder, R3.2 of unaged binder, and R3.2 of aged binder, respectively. Therefore, the ANNs model is appropriate tool to predict the R3.2 and Jnr3.2 using unaged or aged binders at different temperatures.

Performance properties of WMA modified binders and asphalt mixtures containing PPA/SBR polymer blends

The performance properties of asphalt binders and mixtures can be enhanced utilizing several modifiers, including; Poly Phosphoric Acid (PPA), Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) modifiers, and Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (SBR). The current study evaluated the effect of PPA and WMA contents on rheological behavior of SBR modified binders and SMA mixtures. The modified binders were subjected to rotational viscosity, Dynamic Shear Rheometer, and Bending Beam Rheometer, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests. The SBR/PPA and SBR/PPA/WMA modified mixtures were subjected to Indirect tensile strength (ITS), dynamic creep, resilient modulus ( Mr), wheel track, and four-point beam fatigue (FPB) tests. To analyze the data, two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was investigated. Based on the results of the MSCR test at both stress levels, modification of base bitumen by SBR, PPA and WMA additives causes an enhance in permanent deformation performance of original bitumen. LAS test results indicated that, utilization of SBR and WMA additives improves the fatigue life of bitumen. Also, by addition of PPA, the fatigue life of SBR modified binders increases. whereas, the fatigue lives are higher than original binders ones. Based on results, utilization of SBR and PPA enhances the Mr, rutting properties, ITS, FE, and fatigue behavior of specimens. By increasing the PPA percentage, the rutting and fatigue behavior enhances. Whereas, it causes a decreases in Mr and ITS of modified mixtures. Among warm additives, sasobit has better effect on enhancing the performance of binders and mixtures.

Investigation of the performance properties of asphalt binders and mixtures modified by Crumb Rubber and Gilsonite

The mechanical performance properties of asphalt binders and mixtures can be enhanced by utilizing several modifiers, including Crumb Rubber (CR) and gilsonite. The current study evaluated the effects of CR and gilsonite additive on the rheological behavior of gilsonite and CR/gilsonite composite modified binders and Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. In this research, to modify original binder, gilsonite (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of binder), and CR (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of binder) were used. The modified binders were subjected to rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests. Also, the gilsonite and CR/gilsonite modified mixtures were subjected to four-point beam fatigue (FPBF), resilient modulus (Mr), indirect tensile strength (ITS), dynamic creep, and wheel track tests. The results revealed that the utilization of gilsonite reduced the low temperature cracking resistance of binders while adding CR to gilsonite modified binders, the low-temperature cracking of modified binders enhances. According to the results, utilization of gilsonite causes a decrease in the resistance of binders against fatigue cracking, while adding CR to gilsonite modified binders, the fatigue life of binders increases. Results revealed that both gilsonite and CR enhance the elasticity and recovery properties of binders, and consequently, the strength of binders versus permanent deformation improves. Mixture test results revealed that using gilsonite and CR increases the Mr, permanent deformation resistance, tensile strength, fracture energy, and intermediate temperature performance of specimens. It can be concluded from the results that CR has a positive impact on enhancing the gilsonite modified binders and mixtures performance.

High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Asphaltenes-Modified Asphalt Binders.

Asphalt binder comprises four main fractions—asphaltenes (A), saturates (S), aromatics (A), and resins (R)—referred to as “SARA”. Asphaltenes plays an important role in determining the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders. In this research, asphaltenes are added as a distinct modifier to improve the performance properties of asphalt binder. The modified binders are aged using a rolling thin film oven. A dynamic shear rheometer is then used to measure the rheological properties of the binders at high temperatures. Changes in the chemical composition of the modified binders are also studied through the determination of SARA fractions, using precipitation and gravity-driven chromatography methods. The rheological results show that asphaltenes improve the stiffness and elasticity of asphalt binder. It is also shown that the addition of asphaltenes raises the high Performance grade (PG) temperature of the asphalt binder, with every 6% of asphaltenes added resulting in a one-interval increase in high PG temperature grade. SARA analysis shows that the increase in polar fraction content due to the addition of asphaltenes causes the stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity of asphalt binders to increase. The results indicate that asphaltenes are an effective yet inexpensive additive to improve asphalt binder properties at high temperatures.

Investigating the effects of nano Al2O3 on high and intermediate temperature performance properties of asphalt binder

The present study explores the use of nano Al2O3 as a potential asphalt binder modifier. The study investigates the effects of different concentrations (0%,0.5%,1% and 2% by weight of the asphalt binder) of nano Al2O3 on various properties of the asphalt binders. XRD analysis is used to study the amorphous/crystalline nature of the base asphalt binder and nano Al2O3 modified asphalt binder. The influence of different temperatures and strain rates on the viscosity of the asphalt binder is evaluated. It was seen that the asphalt binder showed a shift from Newtonian behaviour to non-Newtonian behaviour upon the addition of nano Al2O3. The rutting evaluation of the asphalt binders was carried out by utilising different approaches like Superpave rutting parameter, multiple stress creep and recovery test, zero shear viscosity, and creep test. Furthermore, intermediate-temperature performance and aging resistivity of the modified asphalt binders was also evaluated. Results showed that the addition of nano Al2O3 enhances the stiffness of the asphalt binder and improves its recovery abilities. The modified asphalt binder was found to perform well under varying stresses and sustained loading and hence showed improved permanent deformation characteristics. Fatigue performance was evaluated utilising Superpave fatigue parameter and time sweep tests, and the nano Al2O3 modified asphalt binders showed improved fatigue life. The addition of nano Al2O3 also leads to an improvement in the aging resistance of the asphalt binder. The study shows an overall improvement in high temperature, intermediate temperature, and aging resistance of the asphalt binders using nano Al2O3 as an asphalt binder modifier.

Laboratory Evaluation of Performance Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixes Containing a New Rejuvenator

As higher recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) contents are utilized in asphalt mixtures, the mixes will be stiffer and more brittle, thereby losing resistance to various types of cracking. To offset these changes in stiffness and ductility, rejuvenators have been used in asphalt mixes containing high recycled contents to improve their performance properties. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of a new rejuvenator, a corn oil-based coproduct, on the performance of high RAP mixes. Three mixes were evaluated in this study: two 50% RAP mixes with and without the rejuvenator and a control virgin mix. Performance grade and frequency sweep tests were conducted to explore the effect of rejuvenator on the performance of the asphalt binder. Moisture damage, dynamic modulus, rutting, and cracking tests were performed to evaluate the effect of rejuvenator on the mix performance. Results of this study indicated that the new rejuvenator was effective in lowering the stiffness of RAP asphalt binder and improving the resistance to cracking and moisture damage of 50% RAP mix without imposing negative rutting effects.

Optimum content of nano-silica to ensure proper performance of an asphalt binder

There is a growing need to improve the performance properties of asphalt binders in order to minimise the occurrence of failure mechanisms such as permanent deformation, fatigue, adhesiveness and moisture damage. Nano-structured materials have taken a scientific-industrial boom as asphalt modifiers due to their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, among others. The chemistry of the nano-material, and thus their inherent physical properties, ends up with each one having specific effects on the asphalt and variable blending forms depending on their nature. This paper evaluates the effect of the incorporation of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) into a PG64-22 binder at various contents from 0.5% to 6.0%. Nano-SiO2 is widely used in the painting industry to improve adhesion of the paint to walls and provides an impermeable coat. Morphological, rheological and thermal analysis techniques were used to quantify the effect of asphalt binder modification. Such techniques were differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Selection of the optimum modifier content was mainly based on dynamic shear rheometry asphalt fatigue and rutting tests and work of adhesion analysis.

Performance Evaluation of Elvaloy as a Fuel-Resistant Polymer in Asphaltic Concrete Airfield Pavements

This paper investigates the influence of fuel-resistant polymer on the consistency and performance properties of asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The study uses wearing course gradation (nominal maximum size of 19 mm), penetration grade 60/70 bitumen, and Elvaloy reactive elastomeric terpolymers (RET) 4170 as a fuel-resistant polymer. Laboratory tests conducted on unmodified and modified (1-4% Elvaloy) mixtures include an indirect tensile (IDT) strength test and a resilient modulus (M) test for evaluating cracking potential and stiffness parameters, respectively; a Hamburg wheel tracker (HWT) test for quantifying the rut propensity; and a solubility test to determine the fuel-resistance capacity. The two-level factorial design of the experiment is conducted on the rheological properties of the binder including elastic recovery/complex modulus and creep stiffness values, which suggest that 1% polymer-modified binder (PMB) is least susceptible to high-temperature and low-temperature variations. Performance evaluation reveals that 1% PMB is an optimal proportion of Elvaloy in asphalt concrete mixtures, yielding maximum M values (both before and after conditioning in fuel), the lowest rut susceptibility, and high fuel resistance. This research is useful for public aviation/highway agencies and private contractors to minimize the deterioration caused by fuel slippage and to control foreign object debris damage to aircraft.

Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Performance Properties and Storage Stability of SBS Modified Asphalt Binders

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a binder modifier on the performance properties of asphalt binders and storage stability of polymer modified binders. Perfor...