Performance Of Web Applications Research Articles

Optimizing the productivity of solutions built with the help of ReactJS and D3 libraries

Problem. Recently, the problem of the performance of web applications has become particularly acute. This is due to the complexity of the software and the simultaneous deterioration of the code quality. The work considers important aspects of performance of the client part of the web application, built using the ReactJS and D3 libraries. React is known to deliver a faster user interface than most competitors, thanks to its in-house, performance-oriented development approach. However, when your React application starts to scale, you may notice some performance issues or lag. Internal optimization methods may not be sufficient to support the growing traffic and complexity of a fast-paced, enterprise-level application. This is where the question arises: "How to improve performance in ReactJS?". Next, the article will consider important aspects of the performance of the client part of the web application, built using the ReactJS and D3 libraries. Goal. The purpose of the article is to develop a React component (optimized by a new method) in the form of a graph, whose data changes in real time. Methodology. Analytical research methods and functional programming methodology were used. Results. The paper considers the problem of optimizing a component built using ReactJS and D3. Its feature is the change of state in real time. A new code optimization method is proposed, which allows to minimize the number of renders. The proposed solutions will enable to more effectively use all the capabilities of the D3 functionality when designing a wide range of monitoring and billing systems and automated process management systems. Originality. A method is proposed that will help improve the performance of the React application and reduce the number of re-renders. The method is developed using additional React hooks and using a reference to the current graphic component from the parent. The method is based on the fundamental property of the D3 library - saving its own state this allows you to get rid of unnecessary renders. Practical value. The proposed solutions will allow you to use all the functionality of D3 when designing a wide range of monitoring and billing systems and automated process management systems. D3 has the flexibility to display a large layer of diverse data and allows data visualization using HTML, SVG and CSS.

Comparison of Web Page Rendering Methods Based on Next.js Framework Using Page Loading Time Test

In the rapidly developing digital age, websites have become indispensable for interaction, information dissemination and transaction. To improve the performance of web applications, choosing the right rendering technology is critical. Next.js is a framework designed to overcome React's limitations in server-side rendering. This study investigates the effectiveness of Client-side Rendering (CSR), Server-side Rendering (SSR), and Static Site Generation (SSG) on the Next.js-based Filmku website using the loading time method. The study concentrates on page loading speed, complete page rendering speed, and user experience. The authentication page takes 422 ms to complete the CSR process, which is 57.41% slower than the SSG finish time of 180 ms and 34.88% slower than SSR, which completes the authentication page in 274 ms. On the Profile page, SSG completes the page rendering process much faster, taking only 524 ms, which is 25.79% faster than SSR's completion time of 706 ms and even 13.75% faster than CSR's completion time of 608 ms. The SSG rendering method completed in 1,135 ms on the main page, which is 15.93% faster than the CSR completion time of 1,350 ms and 25.57% faster than the SSR completion time of 1,525 ms. It is evident that SSG has a faster rendering speed compared to the other methods. However, it should be noted that CSR may result in slower initial page load times. SSR can provide stable rendering times, but it can also burden the server as every client request is fully processed on the server.

Improving web-oriented information systems efficiency using Redis caching mechanisms

The responsiveness of a web application with minimum latency time and maximum web pages loading speed is determined by its overall performance. When dealing with a large number of users and amount of data, the performance of web applications is significantly affected by ways of data processing, storage and access. This paper identifies the significance of data caching process to speed up access to relational database. The study examines approaches to improve the performance of web applications through the joint use of MySQL relational database management system (DBMS) and Redis NoSQL DBMS. The practical part of the study presents a description of a web application built based on Java and Spring Boot framework. The paper proposes the implementation of the caching strategies that take into account the principles of aspect-oriented programming. Made experiments on performance testing of the developed web application with and without caching are presented. The presented results of the study allowed us to conclude that it is possible to improve the performance of web applications by the optimal use of caching strategies when performing database queries.

RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF LAYOUT THRASHING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEB APPLICATIONS AND METHODS FOR ITS OPTIMIZATION

RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF LAYOUT THRASHING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEB APPLICATIONS AND METHODS FOR ITS OPTIMIZATION

SVMVC: A Refinement to classical MVC for enhancing the Performance of web applications

SVMVC: A Refinement to classical MVC for enhancing the Performance of web applications

An empirical study on the performance and energy costs of ads and analytics in mobile web apps

Context:As the use of mobile devices has increased immensely through the years, the presence of analytics and advertisements on web and native applications has become prevalent. However, serving ads and analytics comes with costs, as they are associated with additional code and network requests to execute properly. Subsequently, more computing resources are used, having an impact on the energy consumption and the performance of web applications. Previous work has focused only on native Android applications, has used different metrics for performance, or has focused on other aspects of web applications. Goal:This paper aims to investigate the costs of including advertisements and analytics in web applications. This is done in terms of energy consumption and performance. For energy, the consumption is measured in Joules. For performance, the following metrics are used: first contentful paint and full page load time. The results of this study could influence the decisions of web developers and web browser vendors related to ads and analytics usage, while providing the foundation for further research on this topic. Method:To collect reliable and population-representative results, the research focused on 9 popular web applications included in the Tranco list. Energy consumption and performance metrics were gathered for 3 versions of each web application — original version with ads and analytics, without ads, and without analytics. A cross-over paired comparison design is conducted. Multiple executions of each run were performed in random order to ascertain rigorous measures. The experiment is carried out on an Android tablet using two browsers, Google Chrome and Opera. Results:Ads significantly impact the energy consumption of mobile web apps for both browsers, with a large effect size; analytics have a significant impact on the energy consumption of Chrome (with a medium effect size), but not on Opera. In terms of performance, both ads and analytics do not significantly impact the first contentful paint metric on both browsers; differently, both ads and analytics significantly impact the full page load time of the mobile web apps on both browsers, but with a small effect size. Conclusions:This study provides evidence that both ads and analytics can have a significant impact on the energy consumption and performance of mobile web apps loaded either on Opera or Chrome. Depending on the requirements of the mobile web app, it is advisable to limit both ads and analytics in a mobile web app in order to reduce its energy consumption and improve its full page load time. Special attention should be paid to the presence of ads since they resulted to be the most impactful in terms of energy consumption.

Pemanfaatan layanan cloud computing dan docker container untuk meningkatkan kinerja aplikasi web

This research aims to analyze and implement the utilization of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and cloud computing services in web applications using Nginx Proxy Manager and Docker containers. This research uses experimental methods and case studies to analyze the performance of web applications before and after using CDN services and implementing the application in a cloud computing environment using Docker containers. Next, Nginx Proxy Manager is used to provide a user-friendly interface for configuring and managing Nginx proxy servers. Docker containers are used to manage web applications and proxy servers. In the CDN and cloud computing environment, Cloudflare Google Cloud Platform will be used as service providers. The results of this research indicate a significant improvement in the security and reliability of web applications after implementing CDN services and adopting a cloud computing environment. Additionally, this research provides insight into how to use Nginx Proxy Manager and Docker container to manage web applications efficiently and effectively in a cloud computing environment.

Enhancing Accessibility to Data in Data-Intensive Web Applications by Using Intelligent Web Prefetching Methodologies

Data-intensive Web Applications built using client–server architectures usually provide prefetching mechanisms to enhance data accessibility. Prefetching is a strategy of retrieving data before it is requested so that it can be ready when the user requests it. Prefetching reduces the load on the web server by making data available before the user requests it. Prefetching can be used for static content, such as images and web pages, as well as dynamic content, such as search results. Prefetching can also be used to improve the performance of web applications, as the data is available quickly. There are several scheduling methods, such as time-based scheduling, event-based scheduling and priority-based scheduling, for prefetching to ensure that essential data is always ready when the user requests it. In this study, we focus on time-based scheduling for prefetching. We introduce time-based scheduling methodologies using sequential pattern mining techniques and long-term short memory-based deep learning strategies. To show the usefulness of these strategies, we develop a prototype application. We conduct an extensive experimental study to evaluate the performance of the proposed time-based scheduling methodologies using both performance and accuracy metrics. Based on the computed metrics, using proposed prefetching methods provided a promising cache hit rate when using the optimal cache size. The results show that the proposed prefetching methodologies are useful in data-intensive web applications for enhancing data accessibility. Work remains to investigate the use of attention-based sequence-to-sequence models in the web prefetching domain.

Performance Comparison of Response Time Native, Mobile and Progressive Web Application Technology

The development of technology in web-based applications is growing, this creates new problems. The web technology that is currently being discussed is Progressive Web Application (PWA) but is the PWA's performance better than the previous technology. This research is about measuring the performance of the Native Web, Mobile Web and PWA using three testing tools, namely GTMetrix, Lighthouse, and Chrome DevTool. The results of this study show how to measure the performance of a Progressive Web Application (PWA), where PWA can beat the performance of Native Web and Mobile Web if a web page is tested more than once. Test results on the Progressive Web Application (PWA), the minimum number of page files (home) is 217 kB with page loading time of 638 ms, while the medium page (about) is 431 kB with page loading time of 646 ms, and when accessing heavy pages (news) with a size of 41700 kB the page load time is 532 ms.

APACHE WEB SERVER RESPONSE TIME OPTIMIZATION

This article explores approaches to online optimization of the Apache web server, focusing on the MaxClients parameter (which controls the maximum number of workers). Using both empirical and analytical methods, we show that MaxClients has a concave-upward effect on response time, and hence hill-climbing techniques can be used to determine the optimal value of MaxClients. We investigate two optimizers that use hill climbing—one based on Newton’s method and one based on fuzzy control. A third technique is a heuristic that exploits the relationship between bottleneck utilization and response time minimization. In all cases, online optimization reduces the response time by a factor of 10 or more compared to the static default value. The trade-offs between online schemes are as follows. Newton’s method is well known but does not provide consistent results for highly variable data such as response times. Fuzzy control is more reliable but converges slowly. The heuristic works well in our prototype system, but it can be difficult to generalize because it requires knowledge of resource bottlenecks and the ability to measure their use. This topic is relevant in the context of a rapidly growing number of web applications and high requirements for the performance and efficiency of web servers. This topic explores how to improve the speed and response time of the Apache web server using various techniques and settings, such as optimizing server settings, using caching, data compression, optimizing request routing, and more. The purpose of this research is to improve the performance and response speed of the Apache web server, which can be useful for developers and administrators of web applications and services. The speed and response time of web servers are critical factors in meeting user needs and achieving business goals for web applications and services. Apache is one of the most widely used web servers in the world, so optimizing the response time of the Apache server is an important task for many developers and administrators of web applications and services. This study will examine various approaches and techniques for optimizing the response time of the Apache web server, including configuring server parameters, using caching, data compression, optimizing request routing, and others. The results of the study can be useful for developers and administrators of web applications and services that deal with the use of the Apache web server. Optimizing Apache server response time can significantly improve the performance and efficiency of web applications and services, which in turn can lead to user satisfaction and business goals.

ANALYSIS OF LEARNING WEB APPLICATION TESTING WITH WEIGHTING PRODUCT AND ORDERED WEIGHTING AVERAGING ON GROUP DECISION MAKER

In 2019-2021, almost every country in the world is being hit by an outbreak of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) which has a major impact on various fields, one of which is in the field of education. Utilizing learning web applications is one way to carry out teaching and learning activities so that students continue to learn. Web application testing is the process of running software to find errors in the content, interface, navigation, components, configuration, performance and security of web applications. The purpose of this study is to analyze the testing of the learning web application of the Rumah Belajar Kemdikbud, Kelas Pintar, and Sekolahmu based on seven criteria aspects. The method used is the Weighting Product (WP) method to determine the results of web application testing based on seven aspects and to integrate web application testing assessments from the Group Decision Maker using the Ordered Weighting Averaging (OWA) method. The results showed the level of accuracy after testing the Web-Test application and manual calculations in Microsoft Excel using the WP method was 90% while the OWA method was 80%.

BestDEG: a web-based application automatically combines various tools to precisely predict differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-Seq data.

Differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) has become the most popular technique in transcriptome research. Although many R packages have been developed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs), several evaluations have shown that no single DEG analysis method outperforms all others. The validity of DEG identification could be increased by using multiple methods and producing the consensus results. However, DEG analysis methods are complex and most of them require prior knowledge of a programming language or command-line shell. Users who do not have this knowledge need to invest time and effort to acquire it. We developed a novel web application called "bestDEG" to automatically analyze DEGs with different tools and compare the results. A differential expression (DE) analysis pipeline was created combining the edgeR, DESeq2, NOISeq, and EBSeq packages; selected because they use different statistical methods to identify DEGs. bestDEG was evaluated on human datasets from the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) project. The performance of the bestDEG web application with the human datasets showed excellent results, and the consensus method outperformed the other DE analysis methods in terms of precision (94.71%) and specificity (97.01%). bestDEG is a rapid and efficient tool to analyze DEGs. With bestDEG, users can select DE analysis methods and parameters in the user-friendly web interface. bestDEG also provides a Venn diagram and a table of results. Moreover, the consensus method of this tool can maximize the precision or minimize the false discovery rate (FDR), which reduces the cost of gene expression validation by minimizing wet-lab experiments.

إطار عمل لاختبار أداء تطبيقات الويب

The importance of software testing, particularly performance testing for web applications, is growing with the widespread use of e-commerce applications, where there are many commercial and free tools for conducting performance testing, verifying application service quality standards, and each tool has different features that make it meet certain stages of testing, so it was necessary to integrate these tools in order to reach a comprehensive framework that meets all stages and types of required tests. This research has built a framework that meets all stages and requirements of the testing process by identifying all types of performance tests required, systematically searching for free tools capable of implementing them, and proposing methodologies for work at each stage of the test. The proposed framework PrefTester consists of a tool for managing the testing process PrefTester Manager and two testing tools, GTmetrix & JMeter, in order to benefit from the features of each of them at a testing stage. The test results are more accurate and comprehensive, which will serve as a reference for application developers to study and make possible improvements in order to achieve user satisfaction, reach higher corporate productivity, and achieve more profits.

WebGPU를 이용한 AES 알고리즘 가속화

Modern web browsers use HTML5 to implement native web applications. However, it is hard to directly utilize the GPU for general-purpose computation in a web browser. Even though standard technologies such as WebGL and WebCL are applicable to use the GPU in a web browser, they can be applied only in the 3D graphics field or cannot due to the discontinuation of development. Recently major web browser vendors are developing a WebGPU standard for general-purpose computation. This paper presents a method to implement a Web application, including general-purpose computing, with WebGPU and SPIR-V. The computation-communication overlap technique is also applied to improve the overall performance. Experimental results showed that the web application performance using WebGPU increases as the size of encrypted data increases. It showed that WebGPU-based parallel computing could be applicable for web applications that require high-performance computation.

Performance Analysis in Memory Distribution Key Value Store and Design of Storage Driver for SBK Framework

This paper aims to write the Memcached storage driver and performance analysing the Memcached. Memcached is a free and open source software, high performance, distributed memory object caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce the number of times, an external data source must be read. The SBK itself is a high- performance benchmark tool/framework. It massively writes the data to the storage system and reads the data from the storage system. The SBK supports multi writers and readers and also the End to End latency benchmarking. The main objective is to performance benchmark the Memcached storage driver using Storage Benchmark Kit(SBK), to speed up the performance of websites and web applications using SBK software, to extract the results of the operations which were performed on the data. The performance benchmarking is done by adding SBK driver which specifies the input/output operations of storage systems. SBK delivers the throughput and latency values for a every specific interval for live performance analytics. Memcached is a free and open-source software, high performance, distributed memory object caching system. The SBK itself is a high-performance benchmark tool/framework. The SBK supports multi writers and readers and also the End-to-End latency benchmarking. Memcached is a key-value store that keeps data in the DRAM i.e., data is not persistent. Clients communicate with Memcached through a simple set of APIs: Set, Add, replace are used to store data, Get or Remove are used to retrieve or remove data.

Approaches to web application performance testing and real-time visualization of results

Problem. Today, performance testing is an integral part of the web applications quality assurance whose performance failures and performance issues affect the business of their owners. Goal. The goal of the work is to generalize approaches and methods to improve the quality of web applications and develop recommendations for improving performance testing using open source tools. The object of research is the processes of testing web applications. The subject of research is the approaches, methods and tools of performance testing. Methodology. The study identified the impact of software performance testing on its quality and its main types, namely load testing, stress testing, volume testing, stability testing. The main stages of performance testing and their content were identified. To implement modern automated testing technologies, the advantages and disadvantages of the most popular tools for testing performance in the modern IT market and continuous visualization of their results were analyzed and identified. The following factors should be considered when selecting a performance testing tool: compatibility, scalability, clarity, and monitoring. Time series databases and visualization tools are used for continuous monitoring of test results together with testing tools. Results. During the practical implementation of the research results, the goals of different types of performance testing, indicators of normal operation of the system without exceeding the permissible limits, test scenarios and test results were identified. Visualization of test results in JMeter is shown and a board for continuous real-time visualization is created. Originality. The originality of the study lies in unlocking the potential of open source tools for testing the performance of web applications and visualizing its results. On the basis of comparative analysis the spheres of application of tools for performance testing are substantiated. Practical value. The practical value lies in the development of methodological bases for testing the performance of web applications in real time on the example of the connection of tools Jmeter – InfluxDB – Grafana.

Comparison of web application performance on the example of Laravel and Vaadin frameworks

The article presents the result of comparing the performance of web applications written with the use of Laravel and Vaadin frameworks. The aim of the study was to identify which framework offers better performance in creating web applications and to verify the thesis presented in the article. A research method based on a comparative analysis was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out using two applications created for the purpose of the study and tools such as ApacheBench and Chrome DevTools were used for the study. Tests were carried out according to 13 research scenarios and the obtained results allowed to clearly verify the thesis. Finally, it was concluded that Vaadin is a much more efficient framework than Laravel.

A Framework for Implementing Micro Frontend Architecture

Web applications are an indispensable part of any enterprise information system. In the recent past, we have seen maturity in technologies that enable the separation of frontend and backend, with the backend adopting microservices architecture style. The front end has maintained the traditional monolithic architecture. Micro frontends have come up as a solution to the conventional monolithic frontend, which has received much attention. Still, so far, there is no straightforward approach to implementation that satisfies different practical requirements of a modern web application. This paper proposes an architectural pattern for implementing micro frontends to address challenges experienced in earlier implementations, such as inconsistent user experience, managing security, and complexity. We developed two simple web applications, one using the proposed architectural pattern, and another using the monolithic architecture and compared the performance. We used Google lighthouse to measure the performance of two applications. The landing page for the application developed using micro frontend architecture showed a higher performance score of 99 against 86 for a similar page in an application developed using the monolithic architecture. The proposed framework showed outstanding performance in handling the issues of consistent layout with a Cumulative Layout shift of 0. Breaking down the frontend with lazy loading of micro frontends improved the web application's performance, while the proposed framework reduced development complexity. However, more research is needed to provide seamless integration of micro frontends into the main application with the support of loading shared libraries in the main application; this will significantly reduce the payload size.

Comparison of lightweight frameworks for Java by analyzing proprietary web applications

There are many frameworks available in the IT environment that differ in performance, security, complexity, and speed. The user who wants to start working with the selected framework should know whether it will meet the architectural requirements and business assumptions. The aim of this work is to compare the performance and complexity of web applications built using different lightweight frameworks for the Java language. Spring Boot, Micronaut, Quarkus and Javalin frameworks will be compared. At the beginning of the work, the main problems related to the creation of modern applications were discussed. In the following sections, basic analysis of the complexity of the syntax and conventions of the selected skeletons was performed. Then, experiments were conducted to compare performance - response and build times and memory consumption during application development and use. A wide cross-section of efficiency has been obtained in selected lightweight framework usages. The prepared comparison can be used to select the appropriate framework for the project.

A Performance Comparison of RESTful Applications Implemented in Spring Boot Java and MS.NET Core

RESTful is an emergent architectural style to develop web services/applications due to its lightweight nature. Though more and more organizations are adopting RESTful services, when it comes to choosing the right platform to implement one, teams usually gravitate towards reusing the existing skillset and prefer the platform that they currently support instead of looking for a better performing alternative. Considering that internal architecture and implementation of each platform can drastically affect its efficiency and performance, the objective of this research paper is to assess and compare the performance of RESTful web applications implemented in Spring Boot Java and MS.NET Core. An identical business use case to provide the basic four Create, Read, Update, and Delete (CRUD) operations was developed in both implementations. Apache JMeter 5.2.1, an automated performance testing tool is used in this experiment to create a swamp of concurrent virtual users to load both the applications at regular intervals. The comprehensive experimental results are presented at the end of the research paper.