Performance Of Real-time Operating System Research Articles

A Measuring Tool for Interrupt Latency Based on Linux

Linux has been used more and more in the field of industrial control and robot control, the non-real-time nature of the final human-computer interaction program may cause system performance impact in industrial production. Interrupt response time is an important indicator to measure the real-time performance of real-time operating systems. Accurate test data can be used as an evaluation index for selecting the real-time performance of the operating system. In order to improve the real-time performance of Linux, analyze real-time problems, and solve possible real-time bottlenecks, this paper designs a probe-type tool that can measure the interrupt response time, output the interrupt call stack, and analyze the reasons for high interrupts. By optimizing specific limited and high-latency paths, Linux can still maintain an acceptable range of latency for a long time under various high-load scenarios. After testing, the tool has good measurement accuracy, which provides a basis for developing real-time tasks and solving real-time problems.

Timed Automaton-Based Quantitative Feasibility Analysis of Symmetric Cipher in Embedded RTOS: A Case Study of AES

The real-time operating system (RTOS) has a wide range of application domains and provides devices with the ability to schedule resources. Because of the restricted resources of embedded devices and the real-time constraints of RTOS, the application of cryptographic algorithms in these devices will affect the running systems. The existing approaches for RTOS ciphers’ evaluation are mainly provided by experimental data performance analysis, which, however, lack a clear judgment on the affected RTOS performance indicators, such as task schedulability, bandwidth, as well as a quantitative prediction of the remaining resources of RTOS. By focusing on task schedulability in RTOS, this paper provides a timed automaton-based quantitative approach to judge the feasibility of ciphers in embedded RTOS. First, a cryptographic algorithm execution overhead estimation model is established. Then, by combining the overhead model with a sensitivity analysis method, we can analyze the feasibility of the cryptographic algorithm. Finally, a task-oriented and timed automaton-based model is built to verify the analysis results. We take AES as a case study and carry out experiments on embedded devices. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach, which will provide specific feasibility indicators for the application of cryptographic algorithms in RTOS.

An Overview of the nMPRA and nHSE Microarchitectures for Real-Time Applications.

In the context of real-time control systems, it has become possible to obtain temporal resolutions of microseconds due to the development of embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT), the optimization of the use of processor hardware, and the improvement of architectures and real-time operating systems (RTOSs). All of these factors, together with current technological developments, have led to efficient central processing unit (CPU) time usage, guaranteeing both the predictability of thread execution and the satisfaction of the timing constraints required by real-time systems (RTSs). This is mainly due to time sharing in embedded RTSs and the pseudo-parallel execution of tasks in single-processor and multi-processor systems. The non-deterministic behavior triggered by asynchronous external interrupts and events in general is due to the fact that, for most commercial RTOSs, the execution of the same instruction ends in a variable number of cycles, primarily due to hazards. The software implementation of RTOS-specific mechanisms may lead to significant delays that can affect deadline requirements for some RTSs. The main objective of this paper was the design and deployment of innovative solutions to improve the performance of RTOSs by implementing their functions in hardware. The obtained architectures are intended to provide feasible scheduling, even if the total CPU utilization is close to the maximum limit. The contributions made by the authors will be followed by the validation of a high-performing microarchitecture, which is expected to allow a thread context switching time and event response time of only one clock cycle each. The main purpose of the research presented in this paper is to improve these factors of RTSs, as well as the implementation of the hardware structure used for the static and dynamic scheduling of tasks, for RTOS mechanisms specific to resource sharing and intertask communication.

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) with Different Application: A Systematic Mapping

It is very essential to develop the design and structure of Real time operating system (RTOS) exclusively if we are using this for some special tenders. There any researches believed that (RTOS) are conventional approach to designing devices (RTOS) are used to facilitate to implement different criteria and projects such as time to constrained products, the clustering, the fire alarm system, the wireless sensors powered by renewable energy sensors powered, the stability integrated modular Avionics (IMA) and the alternative programs. In this research, several publications have investigated to perceive the performance of RTOS. These study emphases on a review of RTOS in different criteria and projects to evaluate their performance on different Oss and computing platforms. In this publication data is collected comprehensively factors. In this paper, statistics and results helped in implementation of a more engrossed technique towards the implementation and improvement of RTOS. This paper, highest RTOS are clustering and performance for all applications, white alternate programs measured as least important.

Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) with Different Application: A Systematic Mapping

It is very essential to develop the design and structure of Real time operating system (RTOS) exclusively if we are using this for some special tenders. There any researches believed that (RTOS) are conventional approach to designing devices (RTOS) are used to facilitate to implement different criteria and projects such as time to constrained products, the clustering, the fire alarm system, the wireless sensors powered by renewable energy sensors powered, the stability integrated modular Avionics (IMA) and the alternative programs. In this research, several publications have investigated to perceive the performance of RTOS. These study emphases on a review of RTOS in different criteria and projects to evaluate their performance on different Oss and computing platforms. In this publication data is collected comprehensively factors. In this paper, statistics and results helped in implementation of a more engrossed technique towards the implementation and improvement of RTOS. This paper, highest RTOS are clustering and performance for all applications, white alternate programs measured as least important.

Time response for sensor sensed to actuator response for mobile robotic system

Time and performance of a mobile robot are very important in completing the tasks given to achieve its ultimate goal. Tasks may need to be done within a time constraint to ensure smooth operation of a mobile robot and can result in better performance. The main purpose of this research was to improve the performance of a mobile robot so that it can complete the tasks given within time constraint. The problem that is needed to be solved is to minimize the time interval between sensor detection and actuator response. The research objective is to analyse the real time operating system performance of sensors and actuators on one microcontroller and on two microcontroller for a mobile robot. The task for a mobile robot for this research is line following with an obstacle avoidance. Three runs will be carried out for the task and the time between the sensors senses to the actuator responses were recorded. Overall, the results show that two microcontroller system have better response time compared to the one microcontroller system. For this research, the average difference of response time is very important to improve the internal performance between the occurrence of a task, sensors detection, decision making and actuator response of a mobile robot. This research helped to develop a mobile robot with a better performance and can complete task within the time constraint.

Design and Analysis of Multiple OS Implementation on a Single ARM-Based Embedded Platform

Recently, with the development of embedded system hardware technology, there is a need to support various kinds of operating system (OS) operation in embedded systems. In mobile processors, ARM started to provide the virtualization extension support technology which was intended for processors in PC processors. Virtualization technology has the advantage of using hardware resources effectively. If the real-time operating system (RTOS) is operated on a hypervisor, there is a problem that RTOS performance is degraded due to overhead. Thus, we need to compare the performance between a single execution of the RTOS and simultaneous execution of multiple OS (RTOS + Linux). Therefore, in this paper, we measure the performance when the RTOS operates independently on the NVidia Jetson TK-1 embedded board supporting virtualization technology. Then, we measure the performance when the RTOS and Linux are operating simultaneously on top of a hypervisor. For this purpose, we implemented and ported such a RTOS, especially FreeRTOS and uC/OS, onto two embedded boards, such as the Arndale board (SAMSUNG, Seoul, South Korea) and the NVidia TK1 board (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA).

Real-Time and Real-Fast Performance of General-Purpose and Real-Time Operating Systems in Multithreaded Physical Simulation of Complex Mechanical Systems

Physical simulation is a valuable tool in many fields of engineering for the tasks of design, prototyping, and testing. General-purpose operating systems (GPOS) are designed for real-fast tasks, such as offline simulation of complex physical models that should finish as soon as possible. Interfacing hardware at a given rate (as in a hardware-in-the-loop test) requires instead maximizing time determinism, for which real-time operating systems (RTOS) are designed. In this paper, real-fast and real-time performance of RTOS and GPOS are compared when simulating models of high complexity with large time steps. This type of applications is usually present in the automotive industry and requires a good trade-off between real-fast and real-time performance. The performance of an RTOS and a GPOS is compared by running a tire model scalable on the number of degrees-of-freedom and parallel threads. The benchmark shows that the GPOS present better performance in real-fast runs but worse in real-time due to nonexplicit task switches and to the latency associated with interprocess communication (IPC) and task switch.