Performance Of Real Estate Funds Research Articles

Unveiling the impact of SFDR on unlisted real estate funds: a J-Curve and panel regression analysis

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between the sustainable finance disclosure regulation (SFDR) and the performance of unlisted real estate funds.Design/methodology/approachWhile existing literature has primarily focused on the impact of voluntary sustainability disclosure, such as certifications or reporting standards, this study addresses a significant research gap by constructing and analyzing the financial J-Curve of 40 funds under the SFDR. The authors employ a panel regression analysis to examine the effects of different SFDR categories on fund performance.FindingsThe findings reveal that funds categorized under Article 8 of the SFDR do not exhibit significantly poorer performance compared to funds categorized under Article 6 during the initial phase after launch. On average, Article 8 funds even demonstrate positive returns earlier than their peers. However, the panel regression analysis suggests that Article 8 funds slightly underperform when compared to Article 6 funds over time.Practical implicationsWhile investors may not anticipate lower initial returns when opting for higher SFDR categories, they should nevertheless be aware of the limitations inherent in the existing SFDR labeling system within the unlisted real estate sector.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first quantitative examination of unlisted real estate fund performance under the SFDR. By providing unique insights into the J-Curves of funds, our research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the impact of sustainability regulations in the financial sector.

The performance of non-listed opportunity real estate funds in China

PurposeOpportunity real estate funds are an important style of real estate investing for institutional investors seeking nonlisted real estate exposure. Importantly, institutional investors have sought exposure to the China real estate market, often via opportunity real estate funds. This has been by a pure China opportunity real estate fund (100% China opportunity real estate) or by a pan-Asia opportunity real estate fund where China opportunity real estate was part of this pan-Asia opportunity real estate portfolio. Using two bespoke China opportunity real estate indices developed by the authors, this paper aims to assess the risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of China opportunity real estate in a mixed-asset portfolio over 2008–2020. It also highlights critical issues for institutional investors going forward to factor into their real estate investment decision-making for effective China real estate exposure.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops two bespoke China opportunity real estate fund performance indices to assess the risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification benefits of China opportunity real estate funds in a mixed-asset portfolio over 2008–2020. An asset allocation diagram is used to assess the role of China opportunity real estate in a mixed-asset portfolio via both the non-listed and listed real estate investment channels.FindingsOver 2008–2020, China opportunity real estate exposure via pan-Asia opportunity real estate funds were seen to outperform pure China opportunity real estate funds. In both formats, China opportunity real estate funds were seen to have a significant role in a China mixed-asset portfolio across most of the portfolio risk spectrum; particularly compared to listed real estate exposure in China. On-going issues regarding real estate risk management in China will take on increased importance for institutional investors seeking China real estate exposure.Practical implicationsOpportunity real estate funds are an important style of real estate investing, often used by institutional investors to gain non-listed real estate exposure in a developing real estate market. This style of real estate investing has been popular with institutional investors seeking exposure to China real estate as part of the China economic growth dynamic. The results of this research highlight the importance of opportunity real estate investing in China, both via a pure China opportunity real estate fund and via a pan-Asia opportunity real estate fund. Based on this empirical analysis, China opportunity real estate exposure is seen to be more effective via a pan-Asia opportunity real estate fund than a 100% China opportunity real estate fund. A range of practical China real estate investment issues are also highlighted for the effective delivery of China real estate exposure for institutional investors going forward; this particularly relates to the on-going risk management for real estate investment in China.Originality/valueThis paper is the first empirical research analysis of the risk-adjusted performance of China opportunity real estate and its role in a mixed-asset portfolio. Using bespoke China opportunity real estate fund indices developed by the authors, this research enables empirically-validated, more informed and practical opportunity real estate investment decision-making regarding the strategic role of China opportunity real estate in an institutional investor's portfolio. It also highlights the importance of various facets of real estate risk management in China going forward.

Private Equity Real Estate Fund Performance: A Comparison to REITs and Open-End Core Funds

1. Thomas R. Arnold 1. is a visiting scholar in the Warrington College of Business at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. (tra622{at}ufl.edu) 2. David C. Ling 1. is the McGurn Professor of Real Estate in the Warrington College of Business at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. (ling{at}ufl.edu) 3. Andy Naranjo 1. is the John B. Hall Professor of Finance & Chairman in the Warrington College of Business at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. (andy.naranjo{at}warrington.ufl.edu) <!-- --> 1. To order reprints of this article, please contact David Rowe at d.rowe{at}pageantmedia.com or 646-891-2157. We provide a comprehensive examination of the return performance of closed-end, private equity real estate (PERE) funds relative to the performance of listed real estate stocks (real estate investment trusts [REITs]) and the NCREIF ODCE fund index. We first match each PERE fund in our sample and its realized internal rate of return and equity multiple with the return that would have been earned by an LP investor on an investment in the designated benchmark over each fund’s investment horizon. Overall, we find that closed-end PERE funds have underperformed listed REITs. In contrast, we find similar overall performance between PERE and the NCREIF ODCE fund index. We also examine the determinants of the relative performance spread between the PERE funds and the equity REIT index and find that the spread widens with interest rate environment variables (Treasury yields and default spreads) and narrows with broad macroeconomic performance indicators (growth rate of GDP). Key Findings

The Performance of Non-Listed Opportunity Real Estate Funds in China

Institutional investors have sought exposure to the China real estate market, often via opportunity real estate funds. This has been by a pure China opportunity real estate fund or by a pan-Asia opportunity real estate fund where China opportunity real estate was part of this real estate portfolio. This paper develops two bespoke China opportunity real estate fund performance indices to assess the risk-adjusted performance and diversification benefits of China opportunity real estate funds in a mixed-asset portfolio. Over 2008-2019, pan-Asia opportunity real estate funds were seen to outperform pure China opportunity real estate funds. China opportunity real estate funds were seen to have a role in a China mixed-asset portfolio; particularly at lower risk levels in the portfolio risk spectrum. This paper also highlights critical issues for institutional investors for effective China real estate exposure.

Income return versus capital appraisal for real estate funds during the financial crisis

Purpose– The overall performance of real estate funds can be ascribed to capital appreciation and/or income return. The Italian property funds market has grown significantly over the past few years; however, little is known about the key drivers of property fund performance. The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of two sources of funds’ performance and identify their relevance during the financial crisis.Design/methodology/approach– The paper considers the Italian market in the last decade and analyses the annual reports of public real estate funds, separating appraisal returns from income returns. By considering a wide time horizon, it evaluates if the roles of income returns and capital gains with respect to overall performance are more or less influenced by fund characteristics, such as asset diversification, concentration, and leverage.Findings– The contribution of income return and capital growth are not strictly related to the overall performance of Italian real estate funds, with a significantly lower correlation during the global financial crisis. Furthermore, the main drivers of the two income sources are not strictly comparable.Originality/value– The paper presents the first analysis on the source of income return for the Italian real estate funds and it represents one of the few studies that considers the effect of the financial crisis on European indirect real estate investments, capital appreciation and income return.

German Open Ended Real Estate Fund Performance – The Impact of Liquidity

Summary/Zusammenfassung German Open Ended Real Estate Fund Performance – The Impact of Liquidity The liquidity crisis in the German Open-Ended Real Estate Funds (GOEREFs) industry was characterized by large outflows of money in several funds. Large and ongoing redemptions of fund shares held by both institutional and private / retail investors led to suspensions of redemptions, termination of funds and, ultimately, a new law. This study provides the most comprehensive overview of how the funds performed and how pronounced the differences between classes of funds in the €80bn+ industry are. Using not only the net asset values of the funds as reported by the fund management companies, but the prices obtained at the secondary market when redemptions are suspended, indexes are constructed in order to provide a clear view of the performance of GOEREFs when the most relevant prices are used – those that may be achieved directly, rather than using book values. In this sense, the indexes provide a liquidity-corre...

Performance of private equity real estate funds

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the performance of private equity real estate funds. Since many institutional investors have special programs to invest with first time managers, or emerging fund managers, it also seeks further evidence on how persistent the performance of real estate funds is and how the growth in fund size affects the realised returns of a fund.Design/methodology/approach – The analyses performed are based on a large global sample of value‐added and opportunistic private real estate funds. Different model specifications are used to study the fund and sponsor‐related factors' correlation with fund performance.Findings – It is shown that the realised performance is positively correlated with fund size but negatively correlated with the sequence number of the fund supporting the fact that emerging managers are likelier to achieve good returns. The data also reveal trends in fund performance and the growth of the fund size. Evidence from private equity buy‐out funds has also shown that...

Alpha and Persistence in Real Estate Fund Performance

This paper investigates whether fund managers investing in the direct real estate market can systematically and persistently deliver superior risk-adjusted returns. The research that has been published has typically focused on the performance of managers trading public real estate securities. Our study draws on a unique data set of commercial real estate funds collated by the Investment Property Databank (IPD) in the United Kingdom, covering up to 280 funds over the period 1981 to 2006. The widespread finding is that very few managers appear to be able to generate excess risk-adjusted returns. Furthermore, there is little evidence of performance persistence in either fund returns or risk-adjusted fund returns.

Alpha and Persistence in Real Estate Fund Performance

In this paper we investigate whether fund managers investing in the direct real estate market can consistently maintain their performance. The question of whether the performance of fund managers persists over time has been the focus of a long line of research in financial economics. Surprisingly, despite its importance to property investors and fund managers, and the widely held view that real estate markets are inefficient, there has been comparatively little research on the extent to which real estate fund managers can systematically and persistently deliver superior risk-adjusted returns. The research that has been published has tended to focus on the performance of managers trading public real estate securities. Our study draws on a unique data set of commercial real estate funds collated by the Investment Property Databank (IPD) in the United Kingdom. The widespread finding is that very few managers appear to be able to maintain consistency in their performance rankings.