Performance Of PV System Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Hybrid Geothermal-Solar Systems and Solar PV with Battery Storage: Site Suitability, Emissions, and Economic Performance

Renewable energy integration has become a critical focus in the global effort to reduce carbon emissions and diversify energy sources. In regions with distinct geographic features, such as Türkiye, combining different renewable technologies can offer enhanced energy security. This study investigates the site suitability and economic and environmental performance of hybrid geothermal-solar systems and solar PV systems with battery storage across the provinces of Osmaniye, Hatay, and Kilis, of Türkiye. Using the fuzzy-AHP method, site suitability is evaluated, addressing a key gap in comparing these systems' adaptability to varying geographic conditions. This study is the first to directly compare these two renewable energy technologies in terms of site suitability. The findings reveal significant differences in site suitability, with solar PV systems with battery storage demonstrating broader applicability across the region. The suitable sites (20-100% suitability) cover 1260.82 km² for solar PV systems with battery storage and only 122.18 km² for hybrid geothermal-solar systems. In terms of environmental impact, hybrid geothermal-solar systems exhibit significantly lower carbon emissions, averaging 44.6 kg CO₂/MWh, compared to 123.8 kg CO₂/MWh for solar PV systems with battery storage. Economically, hybrid geothermal-solar systems also outperform with a lower levelized cost of electricity of $0.091/kWh versus $0.254/kWh for solar PV systems. These results highlight the environmental and economic advantages of hybrid geothermal-solar systems, while also emphasizing their limited scalability to regions with geothermal activity. Conversely, solar PV systems, despite their higher emissions and costs, offer greater flexibility and potential for widespread deployment.

Enhancing Grid Performance of Single-Stage PV Systems Using Modified SRF Theory and SAPF with Quasi-Z-Source Inverter

Enhancing Grid Performance of Single-Stage PV Systems Using Modified SRF Theory and SAPF with Quasi-Z-Source Inverter

Enhancing Performance and Power Quality of a Double-Stage Grid-Connected PV Systems Using Advanced Control Techniques and A Dual-Extended Kalman Filter

Enhancing Performance and Power Quality of a Double-Stage Grid-Connected PV Systems Using Advanced Control Techniques and A Dual-Extended Kalman Filter

Assessing the Features of PV System’s Data and the Soiling Effects on PV System’s Performance Based on the Field Data

This paper assesses the features/characteristics of a photovoltaic system’s data, investigates the relationship between the soiling and solar panel performance, and leverages real-world data obtained from a solar site in Shams Solar Facility located at the German University of Technology in Oman. Through an experimental approach, different parameters were scrutinized to unravel the dynamics at play. Due to the lack of studies on how to assess the features of a PV System’s data, and in order to model the PV System’s data, extensive analyses were conducted based on a big dataset containing 36,851 observations of each parameter (environmental factors) of the study. In addition, diverse environmental factors, operational conditions, and the collected data were analyzed by various mathematical/statistical measures, and inferential statistical measures were applied to obtain accurate and significant results that explain the level of each parameter (environmental factors), and are developed to examine the features/characteristics and performance of PV Systems and reveal the influence of soiling accumulation on the energy output. The research findings do not only deepen the understanding of the features of PV Systems data and the impact of soiling on solar panels, but also underscore the significance of considering geographical and climatic variations. This research contributes significantly to advancing knowledge within the realm of solar energy systems and provides actionable insights for optimizing the performance and reliability of PV installations in real-world settings. The discussion, conclusions, limitations, and future directions have been discussed.

Performance analysis of floating bifacial stand-alone photovoltaic module in tropical freshwater systems of Southern Asia: an experimental study

The optimization of floating bifacial solar panels (FBS PV) in tropical freshwater systems is explored by employing response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Previous studies have yet to explore the long-term durability, environmental impact, economic viability, and performance of FBS PV systems under various climatic conditions. This study addresses this gap by focusing on panel height, water depth, and tilt angle to improve performance. The quadratic model reveals significant non-linear relationships impacting FBS PV power generation with freshwater cooling. Our models demonstrate high explanatory power, with R-squared values of 0.9831 for output power and 0.9900 for Bi-Facial gain. Experimental validation using conventional white surface (CWS) and proposed freshwater surface (PFS) indicates notable improvements in power generation, achieving a 4.34 to 4.86% gain in bifacial efficiency across various irradiation levels. Under 950 W/m2 irradiation, freshwater cooling achieves a 3.19% higher bifacial gain compared to CWS cooling. Panel temperature analysis shows consistent reductions with freshwater cooling, ranging from 1.43 to 2.72 °C, enhancing overall efficiency and longevity. This research highlights the potential of freshwater cooling in optimizing bifacial solar systems, offering actionable insights for sustainable energy solutions in tropical regions.

Control of Grid-Tied Inverter During Unbalanced Transient Fault

With increasing use of renewable and clean form of energy, PV systems have become popular due to its versatility and easy implementation. The overall performance of grid-connected PV systems is directly influenced by the performance of grid-tied inverter. Hence, control of grid-tied PV inverter has become a temptation. This project explores the development of grid-connected PV system and optimization of control strategies for grid-tied inverter to ensure its seamless operation and grid stability during transient faults. The transient faults occurring at the inverter side disrupts the normal operation of inverter and even lead to shut down of inverter during faults.Therefore, a control strategy is suggested and developed to control the overvoltage of DC-link capacitor and deliberately functioning and output of grid-tied inverter is improved. This is simply possible by introducing ELC so that the inverter needs not be shut down.

Design and energy performance of PV systems: a case study Kosova

Design and energy performance of PV systems: a case study Kosova

Innovative solar PV array design: mitigating partial shading for Optimal Performance Index

Photovoltaic arrays are popular for green energy but suffer productivity loss from module faults and partial shading conditions (PSC). These two faults must be distinguished to avoid a permanent shutdown. Hence, this article presents two Novel 4 X 4 array structures with fewer tie-lines to address mismatch power loss under these abnormal conditions. The performances of these novel arrays are compared with Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Honey-Comb (HC), and Bridge-Link (BL) under three PSC categories, with six cases falling into each category. PSCs are analysed at constant and varying temperatures, along with row and column module faults. Thirteen performance indices, including the Overall Performance Index (OPI), are addressed. The percentage reduction of tie-lines in novel topologies, along with their strengths and limitations, and variation of the performance indices of all the topologies are analysed. The obtained results reveal that the Novel-1 and Novel-2 arrays capture the global maximum power point (GMPP) in 67% and 78% of the analysed situations, respectively, outperforming standard arrangements and decreasing tie-lines. These findings support the efficacy and economic benefits of the novel array configurations, which provide considerable increases in PV system performance and reliability across a variety of environmental circumstances.

AI-Driven Solar Energy Generation and Smart Grid Integration A Holistic Approach to Enhancing Renewable Energy Efficiency

This paper comprehensively analyzes AI-driven solar energy generation and smart grid integration, focusing on enhancing renewable energy efficiency. The study examines applying advanced artificial intelligence techniques in optimizing solar power production, forecasting, and grid management. Machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), are evaluated for effectiveness in solar irradiance prediction and PV system performance estimation. The integration of AI in smart grids is explored, highlighting its role in demand-side management, energy storage optimization, and grid stability control. A holistic approach to improving renewable energy efficiency is proposed, encompassing integrated AI frameworks for solar-plus-storage systems, multi-objective optimization techniques for energy management, and AI-enabled microgrids and virtual power plants. The paper also addresses the challenges and future trends in AI application to renewable energy systems, including scalability issues, regulatory considerations, and ethical implications. By leveraging big data analytics and advanced AI algorithms, this research demonstrates the potential for significant improvements in overall system efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of solar energy systems integrated with smart grids.

Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development in South Africa: A Focus on Grid-Connected PV Systems

Energy is essential for crucial development in Africa. The current electricity shortages and load shedding in South Africa show that the country faces significant challenges in reaching positive economic growth. For industries to operate sustainably, an innovative mechanism must be tailored to solve the negative impacts of industrial energy use, particularly climate change. This study aims to show how renewable energy technologies can provide new economic opportunities, contribute to higher standards of living, and reduce the impacts of society on ecosystems, among other things. This paper presents a feasibility analysis and optimization of new energy technologies by designing and simulating a grid-connected PV system for sustainable development. PV Syst software (PV Syst 6.8.8) was used to simulate and optimize the PV system. The software was employed to design and model the PV systems, calculating energy production, economic performance, and environmental impact. Using simulation data, the researchers compared PV system performance across three scenarios and identified the optimal system. Scenario A was chosen as the best system, with an energy production of 1720 MWh/year. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that grid-connected PV systems are a feasible and sustainable option for meeting South Africa’s energy needs. By implementing the results and recommendations, the government, investors, and community can work together to develop and deploy a successful PV system that will benefit all.

A Comparative Analysis on Different Techniques for Improving the PV System Performance Subjected to Variant Solar Irradiance

A Comparative Analysis on Different Techniques for Improving the PV System Performance Subjected to Variant Solar Irradiance

Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization based improved modeling of Solar Photovoltaic module for parameter determination

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) panel manufacturers provide a datasheet, which contains key electrical specifications of the SPV module for the user's reference. However, these data alone prove inadequate in anticipating the performance of PV systems under fluctuating atmospheric conditions. The approach put forth in this paper ascertains five parameters of a PV module using information supplied by the manufacturer. This approach considers the impact of solar radiation and cell temperature. The paper outlines the process for determining the parameters of the five-parameter model and establishes a comparison between projected current-voltage curves and manufacturer-provided data. To extract the unknown parameters of a single diode model Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) techniques with barrier constraints was developed. The study investigates both multi-crystalline and mono-crystalline PV module technologies to validate the efficacy of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the proposed technique, besides being straightforward, proves adept at accurately simulating the dependable performances of PV modules. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed methods extract parameters with minimal modeling errors and high precision, regardless of temperature fluctuations, outperforming conventional PSO methods.

Performance analysis of modified residential PV system configuration under mismatch conditions

Partial shading is a prevalent phenomenon with a substantial impact on PV system performance. Various techniques, such as maximum power tracking (MPPT), PV module interconnection, and power electronics-based schemes, have been employed to address these challenges at both the module level and the submodule level. Existing methods face limitations related to the cost of hardware and the complexity of control systems. These limitations hinder the widespread application of current solutions. Also, Module-level techniques though simple and economical provide limited granularity. The choice between these techniques involves a trade-off between complexity, cost, adaptability, and the specific characteristics of the PV system and its operating environment.This paper presents a new hybrid submodule-level partial shading mitigation scheme based on TCT interconnection and differential power processing. The proposed system, emphasizing its role in enhancing overall PV system performance offers a cost-effective, and easy-to-control solution. To compare and validate the performance of proposed hybrid architecture, a practically installed single-phase grid tied central inverter 3 kW residential PV system is considered. This practical PV system is modified to hybrid architecture and the performance parameters such as power generation, mismatch power loss, fill factor, power conversion efficiency and power improvement calculated for different operating conditions. The results show that the modified conventional PV system mitigate the mismatch issue effectively and improves the output performance for any operating condition

Experimental and numerical approach for the evaluation of PV-system performance on energy and environmental behavior of nearly zero energy buildings: Case study in Mediterranean climate

Nowadays, the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems has strategic role for satisfying the standard of net or nearly zero energy building with in-situ production. In this frame, the novelty of the paper is the proposal of a combined experimental and numerical approach for evaluating the mismatch between PV production and consumptions during design, operational and future performance under expected emissions scenarios. First of all, it proposes a comparison of production estimation by means of several tools for the evaluation of the energy balance in the design phase; then the expected and real behavior is compared with also the evaluation of the performance ratio (PR) evolution as function of cell temperature. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is proposed in the short and medium scenarios by varying the size of installed system and considering the degradation rate under future weather conditions. The approach is applied to a case study in a typical Mediterranean climate, starting from the monitoring data available for the building energy request and the renewable production (2016–2022). The results of the case study indicate that the PR greatly influences the performance, mainly under expected climate changes, since the operational emissions could increase of more than 15 % compared to actual performance also if the zero energy balance is satisfied. Furthermore, through a sensitivity analysis on the PV-system size, the study demonstrates that with a maximum linear degradation rate of 1.51 %/year, the building could be configured as nearly zero energy in the medium term (20 years) also with lower peak power. The analysis also suggests that the maximization of installed power is a prerequisite to follow the implementation of positive energy goal because, under all considered climatic evolutions it can balance the penalties both due to technical aspects that to modification of consumption and production profiles.

Evaluating Performance and Grid Impacts of On-Grid Rooftop PV System: Case Study of A Mosque

This study presents a load flow analysis of on-grid rooftop PV installed at Masjid Tablighiyah, Bukittinggi, Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using the Newton-Raphson method and simulated using ETAP software. Two scenarios was explored for the analysis: i) connecting the PV into 20 kV bus, and ii) connecting into 380 V bus. Results obtained showed that grid voltage are meeting the utility standards, with all bus voltages are within ±5% threshold. However, certain nodes have moderately low voltages, suggesting a potential need for pre-emptive measures during peak demand. The power factor performance falls within acceptable ranges (84-91%), indicating reasonable system efficiency. However, there is still needed for continuous monitoring to prevent degradation from harmonic-producing loads. In addition, substation transformers and distribution feeders show ample capacity for future expansions as electricity loads grow. The findings provide a robust baseline for additional grid integration studies, emphasizing the need for further enhancements at weaker nodes to ensure sustained stability and reliability in future demand conditions.

Comprehensive optimization of shading and electrical performance of roof-mounted photovoltaic system of Venlo-type greenhouse in the severe cold region

Agrivoltales is a new paradigm that combines agricultural and renewable energy production, which can reduce the energy consumption in severe cold region. Install PV panels on the greenhouse rooftops can provide required power for the greenhouse, but the shading from the PV panels may affect crop development and yield. In this article, the roof-mounted PV system's performances of a novel Venlo-type PV greenhouse in the severe cold region of China were evaluated and analyzed. By controlling the angle between the south-and-north-facing roof and the horizon (α and β) from 10° to 70°, each 10° increase was chosen as a design case, forming 49 cases in total. The shading rate, daily light integral (DLI) and the performance of the PV system were considered to optimize the Venlo-type PV greenhouse. The results show that when α is not less than 40° and β is 10°, the shading rate of Venlo-type greenhouse is less than 25 % and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) higher than 23.5 mol/m2·d which meets the requirements of most greenhouse crops growth. Through comprehensive evaluation, the optimal case is α at 40° and β at 10°, of which the specific production is 1404 kWh/kWp/year which is the most, both investment and energy payback period are the shortest, power generation is 114.9 MWh/yr, carbon emission reduction is 11202 kg/yr the shading rate is below 25% throughout the year. The case with α at 70° and β at 70° has the largest power generation and carbon emission reduction. However, its shading rate, PAR, specific production, and payback period have the worst performance. The results can facilitate the development of the optimization of PV greenhouses and contribute to the carbon neutrality of facility agriculture and the life of local farmers.

An innovative air-cooling system for efficiency improvement of retrofitted rooftop photovoltaic module using cross-flow fan

This study presents an innovative air-cooling photovoltaic (PV)system using cross-flow fan with speed regulation to optimize performance of rooftop PVsystem in tropical climates like Malaysia. Air passed through the impeller enters perpendicularly to the motor shaft, deflected by the fan blades and evacuated, allowing the fan to operate at its most efficient operating point. The airflow provided within the rear of the PV modules and the roof surface blow out the trapped hot air. Changes in the module temperature (Tcell) are detected and the fan speed are adjusted accordingly to the PWM. This method was tested for 12 hours continuously from 7:00 am on the existing PV system at German Malaysian Institute (GMI) Bangi. The highest Tcell achieved 72.88 °C and 55.75°C without and with air-cooling system with average power 210.22 W and 246.67 W per peak sun factor (PSF) respectively. There was a 17.34% increase in average power with a 13.18% in average net output power and achieved 6.68% energy efficiency using the proposed cooling system. Tcell increases more swiftly and reaches higher temperatures in the absence of a cooling system, whereas Tcell increases more slowly and at lower temperatures when a cooling system is present. The projected system's power rating was 6.48 W, which is 2.6% per PV module, and it really attained 6.32 W, which is 2.53% per PV module, while total energy consumption by the fan was 51.89 Wh per day, which is only 3.89% per PV module.

Materials in Solar Photovoltaic Technology: Advances, Challenges, and Environmental Considerations

Solar photovoltaic technology has experienced significant growth and development in recent years, making it a significant figure in the field of renewable energy. The basic principle of solar PV technology involves the conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials. Silicon has consistently been the predominant material used in solar PV cells, but there is ongoing research and development into alternative materials. The choice of material for solar PV cells is crucial as it directly impacts the efficiency, cost, and environmental impact of the technology. Silicon-based solar cells have achieved high levels of efficiency and reliability, but they can be expensive to produce. On the other hand, emerging materials such as perovskites show great promise in terms of cost-effectiveness and efficiency, but they still face challenges related to stability and scalability. In addition to the semiconductor material, other components such as conductive metals, transparent conductive oxides, and encapsulation materials also play a crucial role in the performance and longevity of solar PV systems. Understanding the material properties, fabrication processes, and environmental impact of solar PV materials is essential for making informed decisions in the design and implementation of solar PV systems.

Monitoring and enhancing the performance of PV systems using IoT and artificial intelligence algorithms

Monitoring and enhancing the performance of PV systems using IoT and artificial intelligence algorithms

Performance Evaluation of an Existing Renewable Energy System at Gilutongan Island, Cebu, Philippines

Solar photovoltaics are considered the practical solution to energy access and climate change issues, especially in tropical countries that receive relatively more sunlight throughout the year. However, questions arise on the reliability of these systems in providing sufficient supply to meet the users’ electricity needs. This paper looks at the reliability of a solar project installed on two rooftops on an off-grid island in Cebu, Philippines, that provides increased electricity access to 11 households. PVSyst and HOMER Pro software analyzed solar PV systems performance and techno-economics. The simulations yielded the annual mean values of reference yield, array yield, final yield, array capture loss, system loss, performance ratio, and capacity factor are 5.66 kWh/m2/day, 3.51 kWh/kWp/day, 3.23 kWh/kWp/day, 2.15, 0.278, 57.10%, and 18.96%, respectively. The peak PV resource of 3.30 kWp/day can supply the 1.66 kWp/day of the consumer’s electrical demand. It was concluded that the current installation could supply the electrical load demand of the residents; however, consideration for the potential increase in demand must be in place. While renewable energy sources are relevant in achieving 100% electrification in rural communities, their ability to address the energy demands of the users must be carefully considered in planning and design.