Performance Of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Research Articles

Mixing design and performance of porous asphalt mixtures containing solid waste

The process of urbanization generates substantial amounts of solid waste materials, including glass, red brick, concrete, and ceramic tile. Effective treatment methods for these waste materials are currently lacking, resulting in significant land wastage and environmental pollution. Utilizing these waste materials in the construction of asphalt pavements presents a viable solution for their high-quality and large-scale utilization. In this study, the properties of commonly produced urban solid waste materials, including glass, red brick, concrete, and ceramic tile, were investigated for their suitability as limestone porous asphalt mixtures. The physical and chemical properties of the coarse aggregate were examined using four groups of preliminary tests, including leakage analysis, scattering, rutting, and freeze-thaw splitting tests. The results revealed that the apparent relative density varied for different particle sizes within the range of 2.36–4.75 mm, 4.75–9.5 mm, 9.5–16 mm, and 13.2–16 mm. However, the dynamic stability of the glass specimen was only 740 times/mm, which falls significantly below the technical requirement of 1500 times/mm. Additionally, the high-temperature stability of the glass specimen was deemed unsatisfactory. The red brick test piece exhibited inadequate water stability due to its high-water absorption rate. Therefore, reducing the amount of waste glass and minimizing the incorporation of waste red brick are recommended. The findings of this study contribute to the expansion of application methods and techniques for urban solid waste, improving the utilization rate of solid waste resources. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the changes in the performance of solid waste aggregates mixed with porous asphalt mixtures, providing valuable insights for road engineering endeavors.

Damage characterization of high- and low-temperature performance of porous asphalt mixtures under multi-field coupling

Porous asphalt (PA) have attracted considerable interest due to their functional advantages such as significant water permeability and noise attenuation properties. Nevertheless, its vulnerability to damage significantly hinders its widespread application. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the damage characteristics of PA's high- and low-temperature performance under the coupled effects of moisture and temperature. Firstly, Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Test (HWTT) and three-point bending tests were conducted on PA under different coupling conditions. Subsequently, its damage characteristics were analyzed using the three-stage permanent deformation model, logistic model, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The findings indicate that under dry conditions, PA-13 exhibits a linear decrease in rutting resistance within the temperature range of 40–60 °C, followed by a significant decrease at 70 °C. During immersion in water, PA-13 undergoes a second and third-stage rutting evolution process, with an accelerated creep rate observed at 70°C. High temperatures exacerbate the viscoelastic damage of PA-13, while multi-field coupling promotes the simultaneous occurrence of viscoelastic damage and stripping damage. Furthemore, the results of the two-way ANOVA indicate that moisture has a more significant impact on high-temperature performance damage. In addition, in a dry environment, the low-temperature crack resistance of PA-13 deteriorates with decreasing temperature, but there is little difference at −20 °C and −30 °C. This is attributed to PA-13 exhibiting flexible cracking at 0 °C and −10 °C, while undergoing brittle cracking at −20 °C and −30 °C. Additionally, the coupled effect of temperature and moisture reduces the damage tolerance of PA-13 and accelerates its cracking process. The results of the two-way ANOVA indicate that both low temperature and treatment methods have a statistically significant impact on low-temperature performance, with treatment methods having a higher degree of influence. The findings of this paper contribute to an in-depth understanding of the damage mechanism of PA-13.

Service Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixtures in Thailand: Laboratory and Full-Scale Field Tests

Service Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixtures in Thailand: Laboratory and Full-Scale Field Tests

Meso-structural evolution characteristics of porous asphalt mixtures with stress-induced and their effects on environmental functions

This study aims to investigate the meso-structural evolution characteristics of porous asphalt mixtures (PAM) under stress and their effects on drainage and noise reduction environmental functions. Digital image processing technique was used to accurately identify the internal voids during uniaxial compression testing. The focus was on analyzing and simulating meso-scale differences in internal void structures before and after deformation and quantifying the evolution of these voids during the strain process. Drainage and noise reduction tests were conducted, and correlation analysis and factor screening were performed. The results indicate that in stress-induced meso-structural evolution, contact between aggregates generates force chains, and with increasing strain, the length of these chains and the number of aggregate contacts increase. Significant forces occur at the interface between aggregates and asphalt mortar. Aggregates undergo relative translational motion due to resistance to loads, resulting in compressed voids, cracks between asphalt mortar and aggregates, and gradual deterioration of the mixture structure. Additionally, the increase of strain significantly reduces the drainage and noise reduction performance of porous asphalt mixtures. The scale relationship diagram between macro- and meso-scale indicators identifies strain, void area and void sphericity as the primary influencing factors. The research findings contribute to understanding the stress transfer characteristics of PAM at the meso-structural scale, thereby enabling adjustments to grading, optimization of void structures, and enhancement of their long-term environmental functions.

Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture Using HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Additives

Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture Using HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Additives

Evaluation of the effect of different preparation processes on the road performance of thermoplastic resin modified porous asphalt mixtures

In order to evaluate the effects of three preparation processes, namely dry process (DP), wet process (WP) and wet/dry mixing process (MP), and resin high viscosity modifier (RHVM) on the road performance of porous asphalt mixtures, the frequency scanning, multi-stress creep recovery, and bending beam rheometer tests were used to analyze the rheological performance of resin-modified high viscosity asphalt under different processes. Uniaxial compression, Wheel tracking, Semi-circular bending and Freeze-thaw indirect tensile tests were used to test the properties of resin-modified porous asphalt mixtures under different processes. The commonly used TAFPACK-Super (TPS) modifier was a control group. Finally, the changes in the microscopic morphology characteristics and chemical composition were used to illustrate the enhancement mechanism of resin modifiers. The results showed that the high-temperature deformation resistance and low-temperature cracking resistance of RHVM modified asphalt prepared by DP and MP are weaker than that of the WP. Compared to the RHVM(WP), the Jnr(3.2) of RHVM(DP) and RHVM(WP) decreased by 14.3% and 63.8%, the strength modulus of RHVM(DP) and RHVM(MP) increased by 21.5%, 28.0% and the creep rate decreased by 2.37%, 4.45%, respectively. As for the performance of asphalt mixture, compared to the RHVM(WP) asphalt mixture, the dynamic stability of RHVM asphalt mixture prepared by the DP and MP decreased by 17.3–18.2%, σs and εs of RHVM(DP) and RHVM(MP) increased by 15–35% and 21–29%, respectively. The water stability of RHVM(DP) asphalt mixtures was better than that of RHVM(WP) when the mixing time reached 180 s. RHVM(WP) asphalt mixtures have superior low-temperature cracking resistance, comparable water stability, and slightly poorer high-temperature stability than that of TPS(WP) asphalt mixture. Microscopic morphology observation found that some modifier particles and asphalt binder did not realize effective mixing under the DP and MP, and infrared spectroscopy results confirmed that TPS modifiers are mainly physically co-mingled with asphalt, while the tackifier resin in the RHVM reacts with the asphalt to form new functional groups to increase the viscosity of the asphalt.

Evaluation of cooling effect and road performance of warm mixed high viscosity porous asphalt mixture.

In order to study the effect of different warm mixing agents on the cooling and road performance of porous mixture bonded with High Viscosity Asphalt (HVA), the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) was proposed to conduct variable temperature compaction test on the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture. The relationship between the compaction difficulty coefficient and the temperature of the mixture was obtained by regression, and the mixing and compacting temperature and cooling effect of the warm mixed porous asphalt mixture were determined. Then, the influence of Evotherm M1 and EC120 warm mix agents on the performance of porous asphalt mixture was compared by rutting tests, beam bending tests, immersion Marshall tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, and penetration strength tests. The results show that two types of warm mixing agents can reduce the mixing and rolling temperatures of the mixture by more than 10°C. The addition of warm mix agents will increase the high temperature stability, water stability, and shear resistance of porous asphalt mixtures. For the improvement effect of high temperature stability, EC120 warm mixing agent is greater than Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent, and for the improvement effect of water stability, Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent is greater than EC120 warm mixing agent. For shear resistance, the improvement effect of both is equivalent, with a penetration strength increase of about 3% to 4%. For low temperature performance, Evotherm M1 warm mixing agent improved the low temperature performance, while EC120 warm mixing agent showed the opposite effect.

Microstructure Analysis and Permanent Deformation of Porous Asphalt incorporating Steel Fiber

Porous asphalt composition is frequently used for the surface extraction layer of pavements because to its open structure and high air void percentage, which lessens disturbance and offers protection during precipitation. Porous asphalt composition has a high air void percentage. This would make it possible for water to be stored horizontally inside the pavement layer as well as moved about within that layer. It is possible that this may lessen the impacts of splash and spray, hence improving drivers’ sight during rainstorms. On the other hand, because to the large percentage of air voids contained inside it, the porous asphalt would be prone to rutting, cracking, and peeling. The goal of this research is to explore the microstructure of porous asphalt that has been mixed with steel fibers in proportions ranging from 0 percent to 0.3 percent. The second objective was to analyze the long-term deformation of porous asphalt that had either 0 or 0.3 percent steel fiber content. In this study, a porous asphalt composition was developed with the help of Marshall mix design. Using sieve analysis, the whole mixture of coarse, fine, filler, bituminous binder, and a range of aggregate sizes was separated into its component parts. Pictures taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and a fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) are being used in this inquiry (FTIR). The findings point to the possibility that the performance of porous asphalt mixture might be greatly improved by the addition of steel fiber. Additionally, one may make the case that steel fiber has a longer lifespan than the several other forms of fiber that are used in porous asphalt pavement.

Optimization of aggregates skeleton using laser-scanning technology and discrete element method

The skeletonof aggregates hasasignificanteffecton the performance of porous asphalt mixtures. In this study, laser-scanning technology was utilized to obtain two-dimensional digital images of four groups of aggregates with different particlesizes. Digitalimage processing technology was used to obtain the basic dimensional indicessuch asarea, perimeter, and equivalent ellipse of aggregate particles. Based ontheseindices, the morphological characteristics of theaggregates,including aspect, roundness, andangularity,were evaluated.Then,virtual uniaxial penetration tests were simulated via the discrete element method (DEM) and verified by the results of laboratory uniaxial penetration tests. On this basis, the visualization design of the optimal main skeleton for the porous asphalt mixture was conducted. Results show that the shapes of the aggregateswereclose to cubes. Aggregates with sizes greater than 4.75 mmhada more significant structural effect on the skeleton than those with sizes smaller than 2.36 mm. Coarse aggregatescouldform a stable skeleton by interlocking with each other, whereas the skeleton formed by fine aggregateswasfragile. Coarse aggregates primarilywithstoodthe external load while fine aggregates primarilylimitedthe displacement of coarse aggregates. The optimal main skeleton designed by combining the DEM with the laser-scanning technology can provide new possibilities for the gradation design of porous asphaltmixtures.

Mechanical, anti-icing and de-icing performance of porous asphalt mixture containing chloride-based particle

ABSTRACT So far, chloride-based particles have been extensively used for the improvement of anti-icing performance of dense-graded asphalt pavement. However, its utilisation in the open-graded asphalt mixtures has not been sufficiently qualified. For this reason, this study prepared porous asphalt mixtures (PAM) using two types of chloride-based particles, namely Mafilon (MFL) and Lvxin II (LX II). In what follows, mechanical properties, anti-icing and de-icing performance of PAMs were respectively investigated. Concerning the mechanical properties of PAMs, the uniaxial compression test, Marshall test, rutting test, Cantabro loss test, as well as moisture stability were conducted. Anti-icing performance was estimated by the measurement of conductivity and freezing point for the leaching water of PAMs. Meanwhile, the de-icing performance of PAMs was quantified by the inclined shearing test and melting monitoring. Although the incorporation of MFL or LX II deteriorated the mechanical performance of PAMs to some extent, the results indicated that all mechanical indicators can satisfy the application requirement. Considering significant improvement in anti-icing and de-icing performance, it can be concluded that the use of chloride-based particles in the PAM is promising.

Research on Material Composition Design of Porous Asphalt Mixture Based on Flyaway Characteristics

Aggregate dispersion is one of the main diseases of porous asphalt. Reasonable material composition can effectively reduce the occurrence of dispersion disease. In order to study how to determine the volume index and mechanical properties of the mixture from the five aspects of asphalt, asphalt oil film thickness, coarse aggregate, fiber and filler, this paper selects different kinds of materials and different additions, based on the benchmark mix ratio, and carries out the Kentucky dispersion test to reduce the dispersion disease of the porous asphalt. Through the analysis of the test results, it is verified that adopting high-viscosity modified asphalt, increasing the thickness of asphalt oil film, adding lime or hydrated lime as filler, and adding a certain amount of fiber can enhance the anti-flying performance of porous asphalt mixture. At the same time, the article carries out experimental analysis of various additives for different materials. Finally, various material comparison schemes to improve the anti-flying performance of porous asphalt mixture were formed. In terms of the selection and use of raw materials, it provides certain guidance for the construction of porous asphalt.

Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Fly Ash.

This study investigates the effects of two waste materials from construction and industry, namely recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and Type C fly ash, on the overall performance of a special type of pavement surface mixture, porous asphalt mixture. Mixtures of different combinations of RCA (for partial aggregate replacement) and fly ash (for filler replacement) were prepared in the laboratory and tested for a variety of pavement surface performance parameters, including air-void content, permeability, Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, Cantabro loss, macrotexture, and sound absorption. The analysis of the results showed that incorporating RCA or fly ash in a porous asphalt mixture slightly reduced the air-void content, permeability, and surface macrotexture of the mixture. A 10% replacement of granite aggregates with RCA in the porous asphalt mixtures led to a reduction in mixture stability, indirect tensile strength, resistance to raveling, and sound absorption. The further substitution of mineral filler with fly ash in the mixture, however, helped to offset the negative impact of RCA and brought the mechanical properties of the mixture with 10% RCA to levels comparable to those of the control mixture.

Utilisation of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Sustainable Porous Asphalt Pavements

The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for porous asphalts is a viable attempt towards waste management and sustainable conservation of natural resources. Installation of a porous asphalt wearing course is justified in highway pavements because it offers higher skid resistance, glare reduction, lesser traffic noise, reduction of hydroplaning, and mitigation of urban heat island phenomenon. The performance of porous asphalt mixtures containing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of coarse RCA as replacement for granite was studied and reported in this paper. The mixture containing 0% RCA was used as the control. The skid properties, permeability, water susceptibility and mechanical behaviour of the mixtures under various loading conditions were investigated. Blending granite and RCA in the porous asphalt mixture gave better Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), rutting resistance, and impact strength indicators. The mixture with 60% RCA achieved desirable results in all tests. It exhibited the best performance based on its ITS and impact strength of 431 kPa and 380 J, respectively. These values were higher than the control by 3% and 30%, respectively. Utilisation of RCA in porous asphalt pavements is recommended based on the results of this study.

Svojstva poroznih asfaltnih mješavina s etilen propilen-dienskim monomerom

Porous asphalt pavements are environmentally friendly permeable road pavements. There is a need to improve the strength performance of porous asphalt mixtures. Waste Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber modification of porous asphalt mixtures is investigated in this study. The mixture was initially designed for the selected mix aggregate gradation. Waste EPDM rubber scraps were replaced with filler materials at the rate of 2 % and 4 % of the total aggregate weight. Performance tests were conducted on test specimens. The EPDM rubber scraps improved the elasticity and strength properties of PA mixtures.

Permeability Measurement of Hot Mix Cold Laid Containing Asbuton as Porous Asphalt

Porous asphalt is a pavement layer structure with aggregate gradations with a coarse fraction greater than 70-85% of the total weight of the mixture so that the resulting structure is more open and porous, which prevents water from stagnating on the road surface reduces water splash and makes the road less slippery. This study aims to analyze the permeability properties of a mixture of hot mix cold laid containing Asbuton in the form of porous asphalt. The research used was an experimental laboratory method. This study used Buton granular asphalt (Buton granular asphalt) with variations in BGA content of 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, and 6.5%. The use of BGA is aimed at improving the performance of porous asphalt mixtures without using oiled asphalt. Manufacture of test objects through permeability tests. The results showed that the permeability value for the BGA content of 4.5% was 0.05 cm/s, the BGA content of 5% was 0.06 cm/s, the BGA content of 5.5% was 0.06 cm/s, the BGA content was 6%. is 0.03 cm/s and the BGA content of 6.5% is 0.02 cm/s.

Investigation on the effect of fine solid wastes on the runoff purification performance of porous asphalt mixture

Fine solid wastes such as coal fly ash (CFA), diatomite, and red mud have been widely applied as alternative fillers for porous asphalt pavement (PAP), and have varying impacts on the mechanical performance of materials. However, whether they will affect the runoff purification performance of PAP has not been studied yet. Based on the laboratory simulation rainfall test, this study investigated the purification performance of porous asphalt mixture (PA) with three fine solid wastes fillers. Combined with the analysis of multi-scale pore characteristics of PA, the purification mechanism was further discussed. The results show that pollutants are mainly removed within 3 cm on the surface of PA in 20–30min rainfall. Diatomite and red mud fillers can effectively increase the removal rates of some heavy metals and nutrients by 20–40%. On the one hand, diatomite and red mud can leach some ions, which are conducive to physical adsorption and chemical degradation (including chemical precipitation and ion change) of pollutants. On the other hand, they also contain abundant porous structures and large specific surface areas, which significantly improve the micro-surface physical properties of PA and enhance the interaction between PA and pollutants.

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Surface Texture on Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture (PAM)

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Surface Texture on Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture (PAM)

Environmental impact of solid waste filler in porous asphalt mixture

The solid wastes have been applied to asphalt pavements for many years, however, the potential environmental impact of porous asphalt mixture with solid wastes needs further research. This study chose three types of solid wastes (fly ash, diatomite and bauxite residues) and the traditional limestone as filler, the mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixtures prepared with four types of fillers was investigated with by Cantabro tests under three conditions. And the leaching characteristics of filler + aggregate, dense asphalt mixtures and porous asphalt mixtures with different raveling loss were discussed. The results of Cantabro tests indicated that diatomite and bauxite residues replacing limestone as fillers could improve the raveling resistance of porous asphalt mixtures under three types of Cantabro tests, which could be related to their larger specific surface area. The pH and metallic concentrations in the leachate of various asphalt mixtures were significantly lower than those of the corresponding filler + aggregate, which could be related to the coating of asphalt film and the adhesion between asphalt and metal pollutants. The leaching of alkalinity and various metal pollutants were related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the fillers. Larger specific surface area and more metal components could result in higher pH and metallic concentration. The leaching concentration of various metal pollutants and pH increased with the increase of raveling loss and porosity of asphalt mixture. Therefore, when the solid wastes are used in asphalt pavements, it is necessary to evaluate the long-term environmental impact of industrial solid wastes on asphalt pavements, especially porous asphalt pavements.

Effect of Aggregate Shape Properties on Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture

Aggregate shape properties can greatly influence the overall performance of asphalt mixtures. In this study, shape-controlled aggregates were fabricated and used in porous asphalt mixture (PAM) to assess the effect of aggregate shape properties on the performance of PAM. Three shapes of the aggregates were fabricated, namely cube, cylinder, and sphere. Two parameters, shape factor and sphericity index, were used to define the aggregate shape properties. Results of discrete-element method (DEM) simulation and laboratory measurements were compared to obtain a better understanding on the effect of aggregate shape on the performance of PAM. The results indicated that aggregate shape properties have notable effect on the overall performance of PAM. Spherical aggregates need only a low compaction effort to achieve the design voids-in-total-mix (VTM). For aggregates with the same shape factor, the overall mechanistic properties of PAM generally decrease with increasing sphericity of the aggregates.

Gradation optimization and strength mechanism of aggregate structure considering macroscopic and mesoscopic aggregate mechanical behaviour in porous asphalt mixture

Porous asphalt mixture (PAM) as a special pavement material with discontinuous gradation has been widely used in pavement engineering because of its versatility caused by high air void content. Aggregate structure plays a significant role in the pavement performance of porous asphalt mixture. In this study, the effects of different size aggregates on the air void ratio and macroscopic aggregate bearing capacity are investigated to put forward an aggregate gradation with a strong aggregate structure. Laboratory tests show that the proposed gradation provides an improved pavement performance for porous asphalt mixture. Moreover, strength mechanisms of aggregate structure in porous asphalt mixture are revealed from a view of the mesoscopic aggregate contact force composition using discrete element method (DEM) simulations considering aggregate irregularity. Finally, the mechanical role of each size aggregate on the aggregate structure is analyzed via mesoscopic aggregate contact force distribution.