Performance Of Mobility Management Protocols Research Articles

A Novel Link-Network Assignment to Improve the Performance of Mobility Management Protocols in Future Mobile Networks

5G is expected to support new services and applications that will change the user experience and will drive to a new business landscape. Moreover, most of the services will require optimum connectivity and seamless mobility in heterogeneous networks. To cope with these challenges, network mobility management and network densification are envisioned to be key factors in the emerging 5G architectures. By deploying a large number of cells, 5G architectures can provide users with high throughput and flexible access services, an improvement of the network scalability and optimized network coverage. However, with this densification, seamless mobility support can lead to significant increasing in signaling overhead due to frequent handovers. In this context, network operators need to efficiently plan the deployment of the base stations taking into account the mobility management of the users, and the service degradation that this mobility process could cause. This article aims to optimize the assignment of the base stations to the access routers in the mobile network to improve the network performance. The results obtained show that our proposed Link-Network Assignment algorithm based on clustering techniques achieve significant gains in terms of signaling and data forwarding costs. These simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can successfully reduce signaling cost and packet delivery cost by up to 56% and 5%, respectively, on average, compared with baseline algorithms.

Analyzing handover performance of mobility management protocol using neural network

Enabling consumers to travel within a network to various geographic areas while yet being able to retain their access is most critical, while the quality of operation can makes any wireless network universal. Mobile wireless networks are demanding to have adequate efficiency in mobility management (MM). The number of Smartphone subscribers in 2024 is expected to be nearly 9 billion, and in 2024 the volume of traffic will rise fivefold relative to 2018. In addition, this explosive growth pattern is projected to persist well into the future. The future networks are expected to be extremely fragmented and heterogeneous in order to accommodate this rapid rise of mobile traffic and consumers along with an increasing demand for better quality of service (QoS). This serious challenge can eventually makes current MM solutions inefficient, as they cannot provide the requisite durability, flexibility and scalability. Therefore a new paradigm for MM is needed to support the next generation wireless network. Therefore, this article addresses the management of mobility using neural network. The SON-DNN-DMMPMIPv6 protocol was built over a network of 50 nodes to boost the efficiency of mobility protocols and evaluate the handover performance.

A comparative signaling cost analysis of Macro Mobility scheme in NEMO (MM-NEMO) with mobility management protocol

NEMO BSP is an upgraded addition to Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6). As MIPv6 and its enhancements (i.e. HMIPv6) possess some limitations like higher handoff latency, packet loss, NEMO BSP also faces all these shortcomings by inheritance. Network Mobility (NEMO) is involved to handle the movement of Mobile Router (MR) and it's Mobile Network Nodes (MNNs) during handoff. Hence it is essential to upgrade the performance of mobility management protocol to obtain continuous session connectivity with lower delay and packet loss in NEMO environment. The completion of handoff process in NEMO BSP usually takes longer period since MR needs to register its single primary care of address (CoA) with home network that may cause performance degradation of the applications running on Mobile Network Nodes. Moreover, when a change in point of attachment of the mobile network is accompanied by a sudden burst of signaling messages, "Signaling Storm" occurs which eventually results in temporary congestion, packet delays or even packet loss. This effect is particularly significant for wireless environment where a wireless link is not as steady as a wired link since bandwidth is relatively limited in wireless link. Hence, providing continuous Internet connection without any interruption through applying multihoming technique and route optimization mechanism in NEMO are becoming the center of attention to the current researchers. In this paper, we propose a handoff cost model to compare the signaling cost of MM-NEMO with NEMO Basic Support Protocol (NEMO BSP) and HMIPv6.The numerical results shows that the signaling cost for the MM-NEMO scheme is about 69.6 % less than the NEMO-BSP and HMIPv6.

Cost analysis of IP mobility management protocols for consumer mobile devices

The rapid progress being made in mobile device technologies that enable consumers can enjoy Internet based multimedia/business services in travel will rely on IP mobility management protocols for enabling mobile services. The performance of mobility management protocols will largely effect on consumers? experiences. In this paper, an analytical cost model is developed for evaluating the performance of the existing IP mobility management protocols including the recently developed Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6); they are analyzed and compared in terms of signaling cost, packet delivery cost, tunneling cost, and total cost. The conducted results identify each mobility management protocol?s strengths and weaknesses that could be used to facilitate decision-making for consumer network design. In addition, suggestions for developing further PMIPv6 improvements are provided.

Performance Analysis of Handoff Techniques Based on Mobile IP, TCP-Migrate, and SIP

Mobility management protocols operating from different layers of the classical protocol stack (e.g., link, network, transport, and application layers) have been proposed in the last several years. These protocols achieve different handoff performance for different types of applications. In this paper, mobile applications are grouped into five different classes, class A through class E, based on their mobility management requirements. Analytical models are developed to investigate the handoff performance of the existing mobility management protocols for these application classes. The analysis shows that applications of a particular class experience different handoff performance when different mobility management protocols are used. Handoff performance comparisons of different mobility management protocols are carried out to decide on the suitable mobility management protocol for a particular application class. The results of mathematical analysis advocate the use of transport layer mobility management for class B and class C applications, mobile IP for non-real-time class D and class E applications, and session initiation protocol-based mobility management for real-time class D and class E applications. Moreover, through analytical modeling, the parameters that influence the handoff performance of mobility management protocols are identified. These parameters can be used to design new application-adaptive techniques to enhance the handoff performance of the existing mobility management protocols.

SIP-based vertical handoff between WWANs and WLANs

Future-generation wireless networks have been envisioned as the integration of various wireless access networks, including both wireless wide area networks and wireless local area networks. In such a heterogeneous network environment, seamless mobility support is the basis of providing uninterrupted wireless services to mobile users roaming between various wireless access networks. Because of transparency to lower-layer characteristics, ease of deployment, and greater scalability, the application-layer-based session initiation protocol has been considered the right candidate for handling mobility in heterogeneous wireless networks. However, SIP entails application-layer transport and processing of messages, which may introduce considerable delay. As a case study of the performance of mobility management protocols in the heterogeneous wireless networks, we analyze the delay associated with vertical handoff using SIP in the WLAN-UMTS internetwork. Analytical results show that WLAN-to-UMTS handoff incurs unacceptable delay for supporting real-time multimedia services, and is mainly due to transmission of SIP signaling messages over erroneous and bandwidth-limited wireless links. On the other hand, UMTS-to-WLAN handoff experiences much less delay, mainly contributed by the processing delay of signaling messages at the WLAN gateways and servers. While the former case requires the deployment of soft handoff techniques to reduce the delay, faster servers and more efficient host configuration mechanisms can do the job in the latter case.