Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols Research Articles

Improved Routing Protocols: A First Step Towards Quality of Service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

The recent developments in wireless technology have piqued academics' curiosity. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) is a fast-growing networking architecture used in emergency, disaster, and tactical operations applications. It covers a wide range of applications with some degradation due to its flexible and expandable nature. Because routing is the primary function of wireless networks, routing protocol design is critical in Adhoc networks. Various methods have been used to improve the performance of current routing protocols in different categories. Technical advances in routing protocols have recently been achieved, combined with optimization approaches to improve the overall performance of MANETs routing protocols. This research initially looked at several sorts of routing protocols before going through their variations for energy economy and latency reduction. The previous protocols, which were created utilizing optimization methods, will then illustrate the current requirement. Finally, the review analysis delves into many aspects such as commonly used protocols, optimization techniques, QoS parameters, performance metrics, and future paths. Keywords: MANETs, Energy, Delay, Optimized Protocols, QoS.

Investigation of Video Streaming over MANETS Routing Protocols

For industrial and academic researchers from all around the world, the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a specific focus. A MANET was created as a result of the fast growth of wireless gadgets. Mobile Ad hoc network is a self-organizing network with no framework. MANET’s device has the ability to travel in any direction in order to transmit and receive data with other devices or network nodes. An administrator node which is capable of controlling other nodes is absent in MANET. All nodes in MANET act as its own router and host and arrange its own network. The most important element of MANET is Routing protocol. For routing in MANET, various routing protocol is responsible. Providing a video streaming service using mobile ad-hoc networks is a hard task. The network topology is immensely unstable and its instability causes data to be lost. The performance of MANET routing protocols for video applications has been examined in this paper. There are many routing protocols, however the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol and Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocols are explored here. In this work, a comparison of these two effective routing protocols for supporting video streaming applications is offered.

Optimized Routing Protocols- Enhancement in Mobile Adhoc Network

The recent developments in wireless technology have piqued academics' curiosity. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) is a fast-growing networking architecture used in emergency, disaster, and tactical operations applications. It covers a wide range of applications with some degradation due to its flexible and expandable nature. Because routing is the primary function of wireless networks, routing protocol design is critical in Adhoc networks. Various methods have been used to improve the performance of current routing protocols in different categories. Technical advances in routing protocols have recently been achieved, combined with optimization approaches to improve the overall performance of MANETs routing protocols. This research initially looked at several sorts of routing protocols before going through their variations for energy economy and latency reduction. The previous protocols, which were created utilizing optimization methods, will then illustrate the current requirement. Finally, the review analysis delves into many aspects such as commonly used protocols, optimization techniques, QoS parameters, performance metrics, and future paths.

Simulation-based Evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector, Fisheye State Routing, and Zone Routing Protocol

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less and decentralized network without any physical connections. Nodes are mobile, free to move, and independent of each other which makes routing a difficult task. Hence, a dynamic routing protocol is needed to make MANET reliable and function properly. Several routing protocols have been proposed with different working mechanisms and performance levels. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols is needed. This paper evaluates the performance of MANET routing protocols using simulation based experiments to observe the behavior of the network as the density of the nodes increases. The paper evaluates the performance of proactive (fisheye state routing), reactive (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), and hybrid (zone routing protocol) routing protocols in terms of the packet delivery fraction, average throughput, and average end-to-end delay. The simulations of protocols to analyze their performance in different conditions were performed using the network simulator 2 (NS 2).

Investigating the Impact of Mobility Models on MANET Routing Protocols

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a type of multi-hop network under different movement patterns without requiring any fixed infrastructure or centralized control. The mobile nodes in this network moves arbitrarily and topology changes frequently. In MANET routing, protocols play an important role to make reliable communication between nodes. There are several issues affecting the performance of MANET routing protocols. Mobility is one of the most significant factors that has an impact on the routing process. In this paper, FCM, SCM, RWM and HWM mobility models are designed to analyze the performance of AODV, OLSR and GRP protocols, with ten pause time values. These models are based on varying speeds and pause time of MANET participants. Different node parameters such as data drop rate, average end-to-end delay, media access delay, network load, retransmission attempts and throughput are used to make a performance comparison between mobility models. The simulation results showed that in most of the cases OLSR protocol provides better performance than other two routing protocols and it is more suitable for networks that require low delay and retransmission attempts, and high throughput.

ENGLISH

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is determined as a network that has many free autonomous nodes i.e. that can move locations and configure itself. It is often composed of mobile devices that can arrange themselves in various ways using wireless connections such as a cellular or satellite transmission to connect to various networks and operate without strict top-down network or any centralized administration. There are various applications of MANET, In Commercial Sector: Ad hoc can be implemented in emergency, rescue operations for disaster relief efforts, e.g. in fire, flood, or earth-quake. Local Level: e.g. conference or classroom. In mobile ad hoc network, congestion can take place between two intermediate nodes, Congestion occurs when bandwidth is insufficient and network data traffic exceeds capacity. This paper mainly studies and compares the performance of MANET routing protocols namely PSR, DSR, DSDV and AODV under various traffic loads with various maximum TCP congestion window size to improve congestion control in the routing. The metrics used to compare routing protocol performance are packet delivery ratio, average routing load, the average end-to-end time required with delay and average network throughput and mainly to overcome congestion situation and avoid packet loss in wireless networks.

Investigating on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network to Transfer FTP Application

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the collection of mobile nodes without requiring of any infrastructure. Mobile nodes in MANET are operating as a router and MANET network topology can change quickly. Due to nodes in the network are mobile and thus can move randomly and organize arbitrarily regardless of the directions that generate great complexity in routing traffic from source to destination. To communicate with other nodes MANET nodes contain multiple applications and it needs the different level of data traffic. While data communicate different routing protocols require whereas every node must act as a router. Nowadays, different routing protocols have available for MANET. MANET protocols designed and implemented at the network layer have vital roles that affect the application running at the application layer. In this paper, the performance of On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP) will be evaluated. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of MANET routing protocols to identify “Which routing protocol has ability to provide the best performance to transfer FTP Application in high mobility case under low, medium and high density scenario?”. The performance analyze with respect to Average End-to-End Delay, Media Access Delay, Network Load, Retransmission Attempt and Throughput. All simulations have been done using OPNET. On the basis of results show that the GRP gives better performance in End-to-End Delay, Media Access Delay, and Retransmission Attempt when varying network size and provide the best Throughput in small and medium network size. Simulation results verify that AODV gives better Throughput in a large network and lower Network Load in small and medium network size compared to GRP. DSR produces low Average Network load as compared to other protocols. The overall study of the FTP application shows that the performance of theses routing protocols differences by varying number of nodes and node speed. This paper results will produce enough information to identify the best routing protocol for MANET to transfer FTP application.

The Performance of MANET Routing Protocols for Scalable Video Communication

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) operate without infrastructure where nodes can move randomly. Therefore, routing in MANETs is a challenging task. In this paper we evaluate the performance of three important MANET routing protocols: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) when employed to forward scalable video contents. AODV and DSR are reactive protocols in that routing paths are established once needed. On the other hand, OLSR is a proactive routing protocol where routing information is exchanged and maintained continuously. The goal of the performance evaluation in this study is to assess the performance of AODV, DSR and OLSR in communicating scalable video contents. In the simulation part of this paper, a real video sequence is communicated where the characteristics and quality of the video decoded at receiver nodes are evaluated. NS2 along with extensions and other evaluation frameworks have been used to assess the performance of the MANET routing protocols when used for scalable video communication. The framework allows starting from a raw video that is encoded, packetized, transmitted through a network topology and collected at receiver to be decoded, played, and evaluated. Delay and timing constraints are taken into consideration when decoding the received video packets.

Performance Evaluation of MANET in Realistic Environment

In order to facilitate communication in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), routing protocols are developed. The performance of these protocols depends upon various factors such as: transmission range, number of nodes deployed and mobility of the nodes. Another factor which affects the performance of MANET routing protocols is the environment in which ad hoc network is deployed. The MANET environment may contain obstacles such as mountains lakes, buildings and river. These obstacles restrict nodes movement but may or may not obstruct the effective transmission range of nodes deployed. This paper is an effort to evaluate the performance of MANET routing protocols in presence of obstacles by designing a simulator in MATLAB-10. To make the situation more realistic obstacle of different shapes, size, number and type were introduced in the simulation region. We found significant impact of the same on the performance of routing protocols.

Swarm mobility and its impact on performance of routing protocols in MANETs

In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), node mobility has significant impact on the performance of routing protocols. In this paper we investigate the impact of the swarming behavior of mobile nodes on the performance of MANET routing protocols, analytically and through simulation. We propose a Markov swarm mobility model to characterize time-dependent changes in the network topology, based on which a quantized collaboration degree is obtained. The proposed Markov swarm mobility model is validated through statistical hypothesis testing of simulation data. Then the performance of MANET routing protocols is studied in terms of hop count, routing overhead, and average end-to-end delay of a data packet. We derive an exact probability distribution function of the hop count, and analytic expressions for approximating the routing overhead and the average end-to-end delay. Numerical and simulation results are used to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical derivations. Trends of these performance metrics are discussed based on numerical results. An important observation is that, when a swarm of mobile nodes moves in a more collaborative manner, both the routing overhead and the average end-to-end delay of data packets are significantly reduced. The analysis developed in this paper can help gain insight into the effect of group mobility on the performance of MANET proactive routing, and provide guidelines for designing appropriate routing techniques for MANETs with swarm mobility patterns.

The joint impact of mobility models, percentage of transmitting/receiving nodes, and nodes density in the scenario on MANET routing protocols

Abstract:A Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a multi-hop wireless network where all nodes cooperatively maintain network connectivity without a centralized infrastructure, and nodes change their positions dynamically. Most studies in MANETs are focused on scenarios with special characteristics. These are: Random waypoint mobility model, 40% transmitting/receiving nodes, and high density of mobile nodes in the scenario area. Our framework aims to evaluate the impact of mobility models, network density, and different percentages of transmitting/receiving nodes on the performance of MANET routing protocols. In this paper a study 27 different scenarios which aim to study the joint effect of different densities of mobile nodes in the scenario area; Three different mobility models; as well as different percentages of transmitting/receiving nodes. Each scenario is evaluated for both the location aided routing (LAR) and ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocols. Performance evaluation metrics included packet delivery ratio, overhead, and the average end-to-end delay. These metrics were evaluated for a speed of the mobile nodes in the range from 1 to 40 meters/sec. We analyzed the results and compiled a catalogue for MANETS that can be used to deploy the best suitable routing protocol for each scenario of choice.

존 기반 MANET에서의 주소 자동 설정 기술을 이용한 라우팅 프로토콜

MANET의 규모가 커짐에 따라 라우팅 성능이 저하되는 문제를 해결하기 위해 대규모의 단일 MANET(mobile ad hoc network)을 존(zone) 이라는 이름의 여러 개의 소규모 MANET들로 분할한 계층형 구조가 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주소 자동 설정 과정을 통해 얻은 각 노드의 정보들을 MANET 라우팅 기법에 접목하여, 라우팅 프로토콜의 메시지 수를 줄이거나 라우팅 동작 절차를 간소화함으로써 MANET 노드들의 라우팅 부하를 감소시키는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 모의 실험을 통하여 기존 방식의 라우팅 성능을 유지하면서 라우팅 메시지 전송 부하를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다. In large-scale MANETs, the performance of MANET routing protocols is degraded significantly. To avoid this, zone-based hierarchical architecture is proposed. In this architecture, single large-scale MANET is divided into multiple small-scale MANETs. In this paper, we propose autoconfiguration-coupled MANET routing protocol to reduce routing overhead of mim user nodes. If MANET routing protocol utilizes the autoconfigured information of each user node, its overhead or procedure can be reduced. Proposed method shows the degradation of routing overhead of user nodes via simulation.

The IMPORTANT framework for analyzing the Impact of Mobility on Performance Of RouTing protocols for Adhoc NeTworks

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any existing infrastructure. Since not many MANETs are currently deployed, research in this area is mostly simulation based. Random Waypoint is the commonly used mobility model in these simulations. Random Waypoint is a simple model that may be applicable to some scenarios. However, we believe that it is not sufficient to capture some important mobility characteristics of scenarios in which MANETs may be deployed. Our framework aims to evaluate the impact of different mobility models on the performance of MANET routing protocols. We propose various protocol independent metrics to capture interesting mobility characteristics, including spatial and temporal dependence and geographic restrictions. In addition, a rich set of parameterized mobility models is introduced including Random Waypoint, Group Mobility, Freeway and Manhattan models. Based on these models several ‘test-suite’ scenarios are chosen carefully to span the metric space. We demonstrate the utility of our test-suite by evaluating various MANET routing protocols, including DSR, AODV and DSDV. Our results show that the protocol performance may vary drastically across mobility models and performance rankings of protocols may vary with the mobility models used. This effect can be explained by the interaction of the mobility characteristics with the connectivity graph properties. Finally, we attempt to decompose the reactive routing protocols into mechanistic “building blocks” to gain a deeper insight into the performance variations across protocols in the face of mobility.