Performance Of MANET Research Articles

A Framework for Mitigating Gray Hole Attack On Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

posing a significant challenge to network performance and reliability. In a gray hole attack, a malicious node selectively drops packets while forwarding others, leading to increased packet loss and latency. This paper presents a novel Gray Hole Prevention algorithm designed to detect and mitigate the effects of such attacks, thereby enhancing the security and efficiency of MANETs. The proposed algorithm integrates existing techniques, specifically the Secure Detection Prevention and Elimination Gray Hole (SDPEGH) approach, with proactive measures to improve detection accuracy and minimize the risk of blacklisting legitimate nodes. Extensive simulations were conducted using the NS-2 simulation tool, comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm against traditional methods. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in network performance, with the GRAY-HP algorithm achieving a PDR of 92%, compared to 78% for the SDPEGH algorithm, representing an increase of 18%. Additionally, the throughput improved by 25%, reaching 85 kbps, while the energy consumption was reduced by 15%, indicating a more efficient use of resources. The routing overhead was also minimized by 20%, showcasing the algorithm's effectiveness in maintaining network stability. This research contributes to the field of network security by providing a robust solution to gray hole attacks, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of MANETs. The findings underscore the importance of proactive security measures in dynamic and decentralized environments, paving the way for future advancements in secure communication protocols for mobile networks.

Modified Route Request Broadcasting for Improving Multipath Routing Scheme Performance in MANET

Modified Route Request Broadcasting for Improving Multipath Routing Scheme Performance in MANET

Packet Dropper and Collecting Missing Packet due to Packet Dropping Attackers in Mobile Adhoc Network using Divide and Conquer Algorithm

In a mobile ad hoc network, packet transmission is essential to prevent packet drops along the transmission path. Attackers who drop forwarded packets are present in the MANET and are attempting to lower the MANET's performance. There are several ways to identify packet dropper attackers and warn the MANET about them. The divide and conquer tactic is used in this research study to identify the attacker who dropped the packets and to obtain the missing packet from the intermediary source. This task will be accomplished by adding an extra buffer to hold the forwarded packet during its whole round trip from source to destination. The findings of the suggested work's implementation using the network simulator and comparisons with those of the current methodology ultimately demonstrate that the divide and conquer approach has demonstrated the MANET's performance.

An Overview of Manet Power Management Approaches

One of the primary issues with MANET is power optimization and utilization because it relies on the node's internal battery power to operate the wireless network. The performance of the MANET is also affected by one of the parameters of energy consumption and utilization. Each operation in the MANET requires some amount of energy to complete. This article elaborated on MANET power management from its inception to the present, as well as doing comparison research to recommend new methods for improving MANET power utilization. This study examines MANET power management options in terms of numerous parameter metrics, including Mobility Aware, Clustering, Topology, Transmission Range, QOS, and link-based. Finally, the methodologies used in MANET power management and performance factor improvement were summarised. To surpass all performance indicators in MANET utilization, new manipulative tactics are necessary. The innovative method is the most effective.

An adaptive congestion and energy aware multipath routing scheme for mobile ad-hoc networks through stable link prediction

Advancement in mobile ad-hoc network (MANET's) has offered solutions to wide range of real-time applications. MANET's consist of group of battery operated wireless mobile nodes that forms a dynamic topology and functions autonomously without infrastructure. Mobile nodes are limited to resource, bandwidth, energy and memory. Due to mobile nature of the nodes, mobility and resource limitations are the two major factors that affect MANET's performance. Frequent topology changes and mobility affects the link stability between two nodes, frequent link interruption results in network congestion, lead to packet drop and increase retransmission delays. During multihop data transmissions, the wireless channel is shared among neighbour nodes. Determining the channel status and predicting the quality of link is still a challenging issue. Existing MANET's routing scheme considers optimal hop count as a metric for data transmission and selects the shortest path. Due to nodes movement, frequent link failure occurs, resulting in packet loss and retransmission of packet, which restablished path avoids packets loss, and alternate paths can be discovered within time such that congestion is controlled and delay is minimised. Therefore, it is required to design routing scheme for MANET's that can adapt to network changes and conditions to support quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Congestion and Energy Aware Multipath Routing Scheme (ACEAMR) to provision QoS requirements in MANET's. ACEAMR discovers stable, energy aware, and congestion free paths towards destination. The congestion level at node is determined by computing queue utilization through adaptive feedback mechanism. ACEAMR integrates stable link prediction (SLP) to estimate the link quality and channel availability for reliable data transmission. Energy aware nodes are computed using fitness function of nodes having sufficient energy to extend network lifetime. Simulation results show that proposed ACEAMR achieves 30 % of higher throughput, 25 % more in packet delivery ratio, 27 % less delay and 28 % energy efficient compared to LLECP-AOMDV, OLEADM and AOMDV schemes.

Hybrid Extend Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) model for Enhancing the performance of MANET Routing Protocols

The routing protocols in MANETs are designed to provide efficient and reliable communication in a highly dynamic and resource-constrained environment. It is very efficient and requires low computational and memory resources compared to most routing protocols. Therefore, mobility and the number of nodes significantly impact the performance and reliability of routing protocols. This paper proposes a hybrid extended particle swarm optimization (EPSO) model to improve the performance of MANET routing protocols. It determines the optimal mobility and the number of hubs and nodes that satisfy the best possible version of MANET. MANET requires a robust routing algorithm that can adapt to a network that arbitrarily changes its topology at any time. The proposed model in the NS2 simulator proves the model's validity in improving the performance of MANET. The proposed model sets the general parameters of routing protocols and achieves high performance with fewer discarded packets and low delay when sending and receiving over MANET. The MANET sent 167 packets in the proposed model, and the number of discarded packets was less than 1%.

MANET performance evaluation for DSDV, DSR and ZRP

MANET performance evaluation for DSDV, DSR and ZRP

TFACR: A Novel Topology Control Algorithm for Improving 5G-Based MANET Performance by Flexibly Adjusting the Coverage Radius

TFACR: A Novel Topology Control Algorithm for Improving 5G-Based MANET Performance by Flexibly Adjusting the Coverage Radius

Black Hole Attacks on MANETs: Analysis and Prevention

Wireless network technically, refers to the category of network in which communication is carried out without using wires. In modern era wireless network has great importance because the communication is taking place with the use of radio waves. Thus, the use of ad-hoc network starts yielding a great importance in variety of applications. The certain research work is carried out in this particular field. MANET is a constructed from various mobility in the form of mobile nodes and anytime without any need of fixed infrastructure. MANET can be made on fly due to lack of fixed infrastructure. MANET is numerous threats types of attacks due to dynamic changing topologies and wireless medium. Security of the MANET becomes one of the challenging tasks. Black hole attacks is the main type of attack that are possible in MANET. Black hole node not forward any data packets to the neighbour node instead it drops all the data packets. Black hole attacks are bit hard to detect due to lack of centralized access. This research work concentrates to enhance the security of MANET by identifying and blocking black hole assaults from occurring. A reactive routing system such as Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector has previously been used to address security problems in the MANET (AODV). Various attack types were investigated, and the consequences of these assaults were detailed by describing how MANET performance was disrupted. Network Simulator 3 (NS3) is used for the simulation process.

Optimized Gaming based Multipath Routing Protocol with QoS Support for High-Speed MANET

Mobile ad hoc (MANET) network is a multitude of adaptable nodes communicating without a set physical structure. MANET nodes usually have processing, partial power and memory capabilities as well as great degrees of mobility. Because of the low contact rate, several wireless network nodes are normally required for a server to share data with any other network node. Therefore, routing is a key challenge for the building of a MANET. In this article, we explicitly address multipath routing difficulties in MANETs. In addition, MANETs can also be built into upcoming technologies, such as IoT and machine-learning to fulfil Industry 4.0 vision. All delicate real-time requests based on MANET need secure and dependable data transfer to deliver the quality of service required (QoS). A safe and energy efficient transfer of data is an extremely difficult task in MANET. To achieve this difficult goal, a safe multi-way routing protocol must be designed to improve the QoS of the MANET. We have proposed in this article the optimized multi-way gaming-driven protocol to improve the overall performance of MANET. It addresses several elements such as congestion control, the loss of packets, malicious detection of nodes, and safe data transfer to strengthen the MANET QoS as the key strength of the projected protocol. Simulation in the NS2 evaluates the performance of the suggested protocol.

An adaptive hello interval for AODV through ANFIS to improve the performance of MANETs

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is an easily deployable wireless network without any need of centralized infrastructure. The change of position by wireless devicesleadstolinkfailuresandroutefailures.The mobile nodes sent hello messages at regular intervals to update the status of their neighbors. Increasing the number of periodical notifications such as hello messages will give an idea about the topology and at the same moment consumes more network resources. Reducing these periodic notifications results in discovering the neighbors at veryslowrate.Thereforetherateofhellomessages has most significant role while considering the performance of MANETs. Routing Protocols such as AODV in MANETs performs the operation basing on static hello interval. In this paper an adaptive hello interval approach is proposed based on a soft computing technique “Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system” for in MANETs. The result states that the proposed solution yields a great improvement over the traditional protocol “AODV”.

Investigation of DSR protocol performance in Wireless MANET using Correlation Method

As we know already MANET means Mobile ad-hoc network that works made by two words Mobile and Ad-hoc Network collection of moving nodes shows mobile and kind of temporarily network which do not have any fixed point or centralised administration. Here assortment of nodes forms a network.it can be adjust mobility to bandwidth in high or low level. In this paper, we evaluate performance of DSR protocol. In this unique design shows the results in terms of how protocol changes quickly according to nodes movement along with compare by correlation method. The result of this paper is coming after analysing of different behaviour of DSR can be applied in other new protocols that are using DSR framework. In this paper I showed results in term of break time, PDF, delay, throughput etc by simulation. These simulation results are applied on correlation method and finding out in which point DSR protocol parameters are performing good performance. In this result shows when pause time is increases along with no of nodes then correlation will be high.

Performance Analysis of TCP Newreno Over Mobility Models Using Routing Protocols in MANETs

A MANET is a collection of nodes connected wirelessly that try to converse with each other with no need for any central control or infrastructure establishment. The model of mobility depicts the poignant nature of every node which is mobile in MANETs that is considered to be realistic. It plays a vital role in measuring the performance of MANETs. Mobility is considered to be the prime motive in simulation, because it is a huge influence over the design and network's performance due to limitation in resources and it lead to packet delivery ratio (PDR), varying velocity node energy (NE). Lots of work has been done to improve the above problems. Therefore, there is a requirement of more improvement in this area to enhance overall performance of mobility models. This paper presents a comparative simulation-based analysis of Gauss Markov, Manhattan, and random waypoint mobility models over TCP Newreno that uses a DSDV and AODV routing protocols. Moreover, experiment results and performance analysis have been performed with PDR and NE of the varying number of mobile nodes.

MANET Performance Optimization Using Network-Based Criteria and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this contribution we consider the problem of optimal drone positioning for improving the operation of a mobile ad hoc network. We build upon our previous results devoted to the application of game-theoretic methods for computing optimal strategies. One specific problem that arises in this context is that the optimal solution cannot be uniquely determined. In this case, one has to use some other criteria to choose the best (in some sense) of all optimal solutions. It is argued that centrality measures as well as node ranking can provide a good criterion for the selection of a unique solution. We showed that for two specific networks most criteria yielded the same solution, thus demonstrating good coherence in their predictions.

Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks in Urban Scenarios

Device-to-Device (D2D) is one of the emerging technologies expected to have significant contributions to the future of the Internet. The combination of personal mobile devices and D2D communications forms the Mobile Ad-hoc Network architecture, called MANETs. Nowadays, due to the flexibility and simplicity of establishing data transmission, MANETs are applied in various areas such as healthcare, intelligent transportation systems, tactical, smart retail, and smart agriculture. In practice, due to the mobility of network nodes, the network structure often changes, and the performance of MANETs is relatively low. Routing is one of the significant challenges of MANETs. In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the traditional routing protocols for MANETs. Based on the analysis results, we obtained a common framework for designing routing protocols for MANETs. To visualize the efficiencies of protocols under variable network traffic, we performed a simulation to compare the performance of typical protocols, including AODV, DSR, and OLSR. The obtained results again demonstrated that on-demand-based routing protocols are suitable for dynamic topology networks. We hope that this work will be an essential guide in researching and proposing energy-saving, secure, and QoS routing protocols for MANETs in the future.

Optimizing Video Transmission Performance in 5ghz Manet

Nowadays, one of the most important technologies is video transmission. It is used worldwide across multiple platforms such as mobile, tablets, smart watches, and many more. All these devices use the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency ranges of IEEE 802.11. Due to the mobility of these devices, it’s very important to optimize video transmission streaming between these mobile devices with minimum delay and higher throughput. In this paper, an attempt will be made to enhance the transmission performance of video over MANET using IEEE 802.11n 5GHz frequency range supported by the new devices. Theperformance of two famous routing protocols, AODV and OLSR, is compared in terms of delay, throughput, and retransmission attempts.

DEFECT: discover and eradicate fool around node in emergency network using combinatorial techniques

Mining the frequent pattern deals with the finding patterns in large set of data, subsequences and substructures that occur in a database frequently. Likewise, We can use Frequent pattern mining for MANET nodes in order to identify the paths which are participated in frequent data transaction among the various Mobile adhoc network nodes. The network data stream is a long and continuous sequence of data sets transmitted over the network. The OCA (Online Combinatorial Approximation) algorithm is used in the data stream for mining online data. The processing time of OCA was much less and accuracy of its approximate result was quite high like other traditional mining methods. The Data Path Combinatorial Approximation (DPCA) algorithm deals with a frequent pathset mining over the MANET data flow. The pathset is generation of path from the set of paths on any node which are provided paths to various other nodes participating in the data transmission. The mining algorithm is based on Approximate Inclusion–Exclusion technique. Without continual path scanning, approximate counts are calculated for the pathsets. Skip and complete technique and group count technique were combined together and integrated into the DPCA algorithm to improve the MANET performance in terms of identifying fool around (misbehaving) nodes.

MANET Performance Measurement of DYMO Routing Protocol by Varying Density and Mobility Speed

MANET Performance Measurement of DYMO Routing Protocol by Varying Density and Mobility Speed

Improvising packet delivery and reducing delay ratio in mobile ad hoc network using neighbor coverage‐based topology control algorithm

SummaryMobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure‐less network. Every Node act as a sender as well as receiver while sending a packet. Neighbor coverage probabilistic rebroadcasting (NCPR) protocol plays a momentous role in MANET for determining a route by helping the transitional nodes to onward a packet when the mobile nodes are not in the transmission space. This protocol minimizes the interference among node and increases the network capacity. There occurs a delay in the network while sending a packet via failure route or channel. Before sending a packet in the network, all the neighbor nodes have to be verified to avert congestion in the network. Quality of service (QoS) plays an important role in the development of MANET. In this research work, delay and neighbor connectivity‐based constrain is focused. The impact of node mobility during interference and delay is examined using network coding‐based topology control algorithm. By using this algorithm, irrelevant links are identified and detached from the topology. The simulation result shows that neighbor coverage established topology control algorithm for delay (NCTCAD) can reduce the delay and upturn the performance in MANETs.

A Multi Stage Path Indexed Energy Conserving Routing in MANET

The technology behind Mobile Adhoc Network is growing day by day. This growth is triggered by the needs of the society and it remarks the influence and usage of MANET around the world. Due to the flexibility, scalability and ease of use, MANET has become a part of everyone’s life. So researches are carried out with a sole aim to maximize the throughput. There are many aspects to be covered to improve MANET performance which includes routing, energy usage, bandwidth usage, mobility management etc… Researchers try to bring better performance by tuning the above parameters to an optimal condition so as to bring an overall balance. Management of energy and its conservation by optimization is a critical issue to be addressed in MANET. This paper introduces a novel approach in MANET routing which enables better energy management during data exchange. This method uses a new paradigm which will provide Multi Stage Indexed Energy Conserving Routing in MANET (MSPIEC routing). MSPIEC routing identifies the overall energy equilibrium of the MANET during route discovery, and based on the statistics the data exchange will be carried out. Since MSPIEC routing has the data on energy equilibrium, more data will be passed through healthy routes and less data will be assigned through weaker paths, so that the entire data transfer will be balanced as a whole.