Performance Of Maize Cultivars Research Articles

Response of Cultivars of Maize (Zea mays.L) to Silicon under the Influence of Water Stress

A field experiment was carried out in the autumn season 2021 to find out the effectiveness of (silicon) in the performance of maize cultivars by the effect of water stress. The split-split plot experiment was designed with RCBD design with three Replication, including(3) irrigation Treatments (I3, I2, I1) placed in the main plot, while the secondary panels They were include to the concentrations of spraying with silicon (potassium silicate) (K2SiO3) (C3,C2,C1). As for the varieties (V3, V2, V1), respectively, they were placed in the sub-sub secondary panels. The results showed that there were significant differences for the irrigation treatment when depleting 50% of the available water (I1) and its interactions with the concentrations of silicon (C) and varieties (V) in the relative water content of the leaves %, the number of cob.plant-1, the weight of 500 grains(g.m) and the total yield(ton.h-1), as the combination (v2*c3*I1) achieved The highest average of the traits was 87.73%, 1.4333 (cob. plant-1), 96.21(gm.500grains), 5.553 (tons. H-1) respectively. And there were no significant differences between the depletion treatments (50, 70%) of the available water and between the two combinations (v2*c3*I1) and (v2*c3*I2) which achieved similar rates in the average of the aforementioned traits. The lowest rate for the traits was When the depletion treatment was 90% available water (I3) and its interactions, where the combination ((v1*c1*I3) achieved the lowest rates of 58.62%, 0.7667 (cob. plant-1), 74.07(gm.500 grains), 2.810 (ton. H-1). respectively, The results of the table show that the binary interaction between the water depletion coefficients and silicon concentrations (I*C) is significantly superior to the interaction (I1*C3) (50%, 1.5 ml/L-1 silicon) Significant superiority in the average of the above-mentioned traits reached 85.20%, 1.3222 (cob. plant-1), 94.13 (gm.500 grains), 5.383 (ton. H-1) respectively, and the lowest rate was when overlapping (I3 * C1) for all traits under study. The effect of the depletion treatments (I) was superior to the depletion treatment (I1) 50% of available water for all characteristics. The binary interaction between the depletion treatments and cultivars (I*V) led to the superiority of the interaction (I1*V2), as it also gave the highest rate for the previous traits and it reached 83.39%, 1.3522 (cob.plant-1), 93.36(gm.500grains) (5.363. ton.h-1) respectively. As for the lowest rate of traits, it was at the overlap (I3*V1). The highest rate of traits for the cultivars was Sumer (V2). The binary interaction between the cultivars and the concentrations (C*V) was significant when the interaction (C3*V2) gave the highest rates for the previous traits, which amounted to 78.90%, 1.3144 (cob. Plant-1), respectively, and the highest rate of the characters was at the concentration (C3) (1.5 ml/L-1), while the lowest rate of the characters was when the measurement treatment without spraying (C1) (0 ml/L-1).

Field performance of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under drought stress

This research was carried out in 2014 at the Research Farm of the University of Tabriz, Iran. The experiment was arranged as split plot on the basis of randomized complete block with three replicates to assess the effects of four irrigation intervals (irrigations after 60, 80, 100 and 120 mm evaporation) on physiological and agronomical traits of three cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.; ‘SC704’, ‘NS640’, ‘DC303’: late, mid and early maturing, respectively). Irrigation intervals and maize cultivars were assigned to the main and sub-plots, respectively. Leaf temperature of all maize cultivars significantly increased, but chlorophyll content index, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, number of grains per plant, 1000 grain mass, plant biomass, grain yield and harvest index significantly decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. Late maturing cultivar (‘SC704’) was superior in all studied traits, followed by mid (‘NS640’) and early (‘DC303’) maturing cultivars. It was concluded that water limitation can potentially reduce performance of maize cultivars in the field, but the extent of this reduction depends on genotype and severity of stress.

Performance of Maize Cultivars under Different Plant Densities

Performance of Maize Cultivars under Different Plant Densities

Physiological and biochemical alterations on maize leaves infected by Stenocarpella macrospora

This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant system responses and photosynthetic performance of maize cultivars (ECVSCS155 and HIB 32R48H) infected by Stenocarpella macrospora. The activities of some antioxidant enzymes and metabolites and the concentration of reactive oxygen species in maize leaves as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging parameters were assessed. For both cultivars, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system were dramatically altered in the infected leaves. As the disease symptoms became more noticeable, enzyme activities (e.g., peroxidases and catalases) and the concentration of ascorbate and glutathione decreased accordingly. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde equivalents increased, thereby contributing to the intensification of lipid peroxidation upon damage to cell membranes caused by fungal infection. Decreases in maximum fluorescence, maximum PSII quantum efficiency, effective PSII quantum yield and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation coupled with increases in initial fluorescence and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation were directly related to the progressive loss of photosynthetic activity coupled with the development of oxidative stress during the S. macrospora infection process.

Avaliação de cultivares de milho no agreste semi-árido de Pernambuco

Na localidade de São Bento do Una, Agreste Semi-árido de Pernambuco, foram avaliadas 12 cultivares de milho (híbridos e variedades) no triênio 1989/1991, com o objetivo de se identificar e avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de milho nessa região. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. Avaliaram-se a produção de grãos, a altura da planta, o número de dias até a floração masculina, a altura de inserção da espiga e a população das plantas. Foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre os dados obtidos, cujos os resultados médios de produtividade de grãos variaram de 4.215 a 4.938 kg ha-1, nos híbridos duplos XL-678 e BR-201, respectivamente. Quanto às variedades, a oscilação foi de 3.777 a 4.412 kg ha-1, nos materiais BR-5028 e CMS-22, respectivamente. De maneira geral, houve supremacia de 13% em favor dos híbridos, com relação à produção de grãos, quando comparados com as variedades. O híbrido comercial (BR-201) apresentou-se 11% mais produtivo que a variedade mais produtiva (CMS-22) em relação à produtividade de grãos.