Performance Of Low Carbon Steel Research Articles

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Properties of Low Carbon A858 Steel

This study is concerned with the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 o C) on the mechanical properties and performance of low carbon steel (A858). The tests specimens were divided in to two groups, the first group was subjected to the conventional heat treatment of normalizing, and the second group was also normalized then subjected to (DCT). The results have shown that after (DCT), the Hardness, Tensile properties and the impact energy absorbed were all slightly increased. However the fatigue test showed some positive improvement in fatigue limit by 20(N/mm2 ), and the volume wear rates at different loads were significantly decreased after (DCT). The changes in microstructure due to (DCT) were clearly noticeable, the grain boundaries were no longer visible, and the Pearlite isles globalization was obvious.

Research on Fatigue Performance of Low Carbon Steel by Wire and Arc Additive Remanufacturing

Research on Fatigue Performance of Low Carbon Steel by Wire and Arc Additive Remanufacturing

Synergistic effect of Zn electrodeposition and cerium conversion coating on the corrosion performance of low carbon steel

The present research is based on the comparison of the results obtained from low carbon steel samples treated by different approaches for formation of coating primers. The treatments included electrodeposition of a galvanic Zn-layer, spontaneous deposition of a cerium conversion coating (CeCC), and combination of them. The obtained layers were exposed for 24 h to a 0.01 M NaCl model corrosive medium (MCM) and were then assessed by two electrochemical methods: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic Scanning (PDS). The formed protective layers were examined using a variety of instrumental analytical techniques. The composition of the surfaces was determined by performing X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersion X-ray (EDX) analyses. Their topologies were observed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which also enabled to define the roughness of the films. In addition, their color characteristics and surface hydrophobicity were also evaluated. As main result, the synergism between the cerium conversion coating and the galvanically deposited Zn underlayer was evinced by all the used analytical methods. Finally, a conceptual model on the mechanism of the formation of the combined double layer coating primer was proposed.

Influence of pH values on the electrochemical performance of low carbon steel coated by plasma thin SiO C films

Chromium (VI) coatings are highly toxic and carcinogenic; therefore, thea should be replaced by a new eco-friendly material that retains its effectiveness in terms of corrosion. Herein, thin silicon oxycarbide films as an eco-friendly anticorrosive coating were deposited on a low carbon steel substrate by a radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma technique using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor. The corrosion performance of the coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in dependence on the gap distance between the plasma electrodes and the pH values at room temperature. The chemical bonding and morphological features of the deposited films were investigated by Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) mode, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Icorr values were significantly decreased by reducing the gap distance and reached a minimum at 1 cm gap distance. It was reduced from 12 µA/cm2 for the blank sample to 0.714 µA/cm2 in treated sample at gap distance 1 cm and protective efficiency reached ~ 94% in the neutral solution. Nevertheless, the best protective efficiency achieved more than 99% of the total protection in alkaline medium as measured at room temperature for treated sample at gap distance 1 cm.

Performance Enhancement in Borocarburized Low-Carbon Steel by Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloying

In this paper, the performance of low-carbon steel is enhanced after introducing a borocarburized diffusion layer via double glow plasma surface alloying technology. Due to the boron-carbon gradient structure of low-carbon steel, the protective coating exhibits an excellent wear and corrosion resistance. Interestingly, the borocarburized layer consists of a 64 μm carburized layer and a 27 μm boride layer, which plays an effective role in enhancing the microhardness of borocarburized low-carbon steel, exhibiting a 1440 Vickers hardness increase in the surface microhardness of low-carbon steel. The potentiodynamic polarization measurement and impedance measurement results indicate that the boride protective film can effectively prevent aggressive chloride ions from invading the substrate, which indicates an excellent property of corrosion resistance. This systematic study paves a promising way for the future application of hard coatings in severe environments.

Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution by Cephalexin Monohydrate Drug and Synergistic Iodide Additives

The effect of Cephalexin monohydrate drug on the corrosion performance of low carbon steel (LCS) in 1 M HCl solution has been examined by weight reduction (WR), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The inhibition efficiency (IE) raised with increasing the cephalexin monohydrate drug dose but lowered with higher temperatures. The adsorption of the Cephalexin monohydrate drug established to follow Temkin isotherm. The PP tests designated that the cephalexin monohydrate drug is of mixed type. Synergism among iodide ion and cephalexin monohydrate drug was suggested. The outcome data gotten from the three altered tests were in excellent agreement. Theoretical relationships have been utilized to examine the influence of molecular structure on IE of the Cephalexin monohydrate drug.

Role of nano ZnO particles in the electrodeposition and growth mechanism of phosphate coatings for enhancing the anti-corrosive performance of low carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution

In this work, nano ZnO powders were used in the electrodeposition of zinc phosphate coatings to mitigate the detrimental effects of corrosion on low carbon steel. Our results showed that nano ZnO powder promotes the formation of hopeite (Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O) and phosphophyllite (Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O) phases which are the main constituents of phosphate conversion coatings. The surface morphology, chemical composition, the growth process and anticorrosive performance of these coatings are examined using SEM, EDS, XRD and electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical characterization results suggest, nano ZnO incorporated phosphate coatings exhibit a lower corrosion rate (∼1.89 mpy) in 3.5% NaCl solution against normal zinc phosphate coatings (∼5.68 mpy) which is well supported by microstructural examination. It is believed that positive shift in corrosion potential and marked reduction in the current density helps in the formation of compact coatings with full crystalline surface coverage suggesting the corrosion protection mechanism offered by these coatings is a diffusion controlled process.

Effect of Silicon Inclusion Carbonaceous Composite Particulate on the Thermal-Ageing Characteristics and Mechanical Performance of Low Carbon Steel

This study focus on the effects of silicon inclusion carbonaceous particulate on the hardness and microstructural properties of carburized low carbon steel, at constant temperature of 900 °C with different holding time from 2 to 5 h. The cow bone and coal dust composite particles were varied with 20% CaCO3 used as the energizer. Hardness and microstructural testing of the various specimens were then carried out using Vickers hardness machine and metallurgical scanning electron microscope. From the result, it was noticed that there was an increase in microhardness performance on both cow bone and coal dust reinforced matrix compared to the as-received samples. For coal dust carburized carbon steel, the hardness value improved from 286 HVN control samples 434.55 HVN in 5 h. It was seen that the introduction of cow bone composite particulate also provides a reasonable mechanical hardness improvement to 418.2 HVN although a little short fall against the coal dust metal matrix. From the microstructure and macrostructure studies highly pearlitic matrix steel was observed with grain refinement of CB and CD found at the interface providing an effective nucleation site along the boundaries.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Low-Temperature Performance of Low-Carbon Steel

In the present work, 20L and 20GL steels are investigated with a view to increase in their impact strength at negative temperatures, by adjusting the structural state in final heat treatment of valve and pipeline components. Stable impact strength KCV may be established in 20L steel at –40°C and in 20GL steel at ‒60°C by three-stage heat treatment: double quenching in water and subsequent high tempering. The other three heat treatments considered proved ineffective. The greater strength of 20GL steel components in comparison with 20L steel components may be attributed to its finer structure and greater bulk content of acicular α phase, on account of the higher content of manganese, which deters the ferrite transformation of austenite.

Surface coverage and corrosion inhibition effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and zinc oxide on the electrochemical performance of low carbon steel in dilute acid solutions

Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion inhibition and surface protection properties of the combined admixture of Rosmarinus officinalis and zinc oxide on low carbon steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential measurement, optical microscopy and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Results obtained confirmed the compound to be more effective in HCl solution, with optimal inhibition efficiencies of 93.26% in HCl and 87.7% in H2SO4 acid solutions with mixed type inhibition behavior in both acids. The compound shifts the corrosion potential values of the steel cathodically in HCl and anodically in H2SO4 signifying specific corrosion inhibition behavior without applied potential. Identified functional groups of alcohols, phenols, 1�, 2� amines, amides, carbonyls (general), esters, saturated aliphatic, carboxylic acids, ethers, aliphatic amines, alkenes, aromatics, alkyl halides and alkynes within the compound completely adsorbed onto the steel forming a protective covering. Thermodynamic calculations showed physisorption molecular interaction with the steel’s surface according to Langmuir and Frumkin adsorption isotherms. Optical microscopy images of the inhibited and uninhibited steels contrast each other with steel specimens from HCl solution showing a better morphology

Effectiveness of lanthanum triflate activated silica nanoparticles as fillers in silane films for corrosion protection of low carbon steel

Abstract The synergistic effects of lanthanum activated silica nanoparticle fillers in silane films on the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel have been investigated. The silane films were synthesized through hydrolysis and condensation reactions of 3-glycidoxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane (3-GPTMS) and methyl-triethoxy-silane (MTES) in acid catalyzed condition. A new corrosion inhibitor, lanthanum triflate at 1000 ppm concentration, was used to activate silica nanoparticles before their impregnation into silane sol–gel mixtures. The morphological characteristics and elemental distribution of the coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), confirming crack-free coatings distributed with silica nanoparticles. The structural characteristics and adhesive properties of the silane coatings on steel substrates were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with the results suggesting the formation of Si O Si network and Si O Fe bonding. Furthermore, the wetting properties of the coatings were determined through contact angle measurements; the silane films doped with lanthanum and/or silica nanoparticles exhibited increased hydrophobicity of the coatings. The corrosion resistance of the coated steel was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) fitted with electrical equivalent models (EEC). The EIS diagrams obtained for the coatings doped with fillers exhibited higher impedance values by at least an order of magnitude when compared with non-doped coatings, indicating improved barrier properties of the coatings. Moreover, the films doped with both lanthanum inhibitor and silica nanoparticles exhibited the most efficient corrosion resistance – by more than two orders of magnitude for more than 168 h – compared to the films doped with either La 3+ or silica nanoparticles alone. The overall system responses from EIS at high and low frequencies confirmed the benefits derived from synergistic roles of lanthanum-silica nanoparticles in silane films for a long term corrosion resistance performance of low carbon steel.

Effect of lanthanide activated nano‐SiO2 on the corrosion behavior of silane‐based hybrid coatings on low carbon steel

Nano‐silica particles activated with different lanthanide triflates (cerium, lanthanum and yttrium) as fillers in silane sol‐gel coatings were investigated for higher corrosion protection of low carbon steel. Sol‐gel films have been synthesized from cross‐condensation of 3‐glycidoxy‐propyl‐trimethoxy‐silane (3‐GPTMS) and methyl‐triethoxy‐silane (MTES) in acid catalysis condition. The electrochemical behavior of the coated steels was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements in naturally aerated 0.1 M NaCl solution. The EIS curves suggested that all coatings with nano‐silica and lanthanide triflates within the silane network improved the corrosion performance of low carbon steel, with superior performance by more than two orders of magnitude for 120 hours demonstrated by cerium activated systems. The complementary potentiodynamic polarization studies show similar trends with EIS findings. The coated systems show noble behavior as compared to uncoated steel. The FE‐SEM images in agreement with the electrochemical results indicated that the cerium and lanthanum activated coatings are crack‐free; whereas coatings with yttrium systems are showing defects. Possible inhibiting mechanisms contributing to differences in electrochemical behavior of the coatings with different lanthanides are also discussed.