Ion Chromatography Performance Research Articles

Simultaneous determination of bromate, chlorite and haloacetic acids by two-dimensional matrix elimination ion chromatography with coupled conventional and capillary columns

A new, highly sensitive and reliable two-dimensional matrix elimination ion chromatography (IC) method was developed for simultaneous detection of bromate, chlorite and five haloacetic acids. This method combined the conventional IC in first dimension with capillary IC in the second dimension coupled with suppressed conductivity detection. The first dimension utilizes a high capacity column to partially resolve matrix from target analytes. By optimizing the cut window, the target analytes were selectively cut and trapped in a trap column through the use of a six-port valve, while the separated matrix were diverted to waste. The trapped target analytes were delivered on to the capillary column for further separation and detection. Temperature programming was used to improve selectivity in second dimension column to obtain complete resolution of the target analytes. Compared to the performance of one-dimensional IC, the two-dimensional approach resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity for all target analytes with limit of detection ranging from 0.30 to 0.64μg/L and provided more reliable analysis due to second column confirmation. Good linearity was obtained for all the target analytes with correlation coefficients >0.998. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of oxyhalides and haloacetic acids in various matrices with recoveries ranging from 90 to 116% and RSD less than 6.1%. The method allows direct injection of samples and the use of columns with different selectivity, thus significantly reduces the level of false positive results. The method is fully automated and simple, making it practical for routine monitoring of water quality. The satisfactory results also demonstrated that the two-dimensional matrix elimination method coupled with capillary IC is a promising approach for detection of trace substances in complex matrices.

이온크로마토그래피 시스템을 이용한 눈 시료의 이온성분 측정자료의 불확도 산출

이온크로마토그래피(IC) 시스템을 이용하여 눈 시료의 이온성분을 측정하기 위해 IC 시스템의 성능평가, 시료 병의 세척법, 필터 적용에 따른 문제점을 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 이온성분 측정자료의 불확도 산출법을 연구하였다. 본 연구의 IC 시스템 검출한계는 양이온의 경우 0.01~0.26 <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>, 음이온 성분들은 0.02~0.26 <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>로 나타났다. 그리고 양이온과 음이온의 재현성을 나타내는 변동계수는 각각 0.4-17.4%, 0.1-27.6%로 조사되었다. BCR<TEX>$^{(R)}$</TEX>-408을 이용한 측정자료의 정확도 조사 결과 양이온과 음이온의 상대오차는 각각 4.5-12.0%, 1.3-5.6%로 나타났다. 시료 병에 대한 실험실 바탕시험 결과 유기음이온을 포함한 일부 성분들(<TEX>$CH_3CO_2{^-}$</TEX>, <TEX>$HCO_2{^-}$</TEX>, <TEX>$NH_4{^+}$</TEX>)의 경우 다른 성분들에 비해 오염 가능성이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. <TEX>$NO_3{^-}$</TEX> 성분의 바탕시험 결과는 시료 병 세척과정에 사용된 <TEX>$HNO_3$</TEX>의 잔류에 따른 오염영향으로 나타났다. 그리고 눈 시료 용융액의 불용성 입자를 제거하기 위해 필터를 사용할 경우 일부 이온 성분들은 필터로부터 직접 용출되는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 사용 전에 증류수(~ 6 mL)로 세척하는 것이 필요하고 지역별로 눈 시료의 농도 특성을 고려하여 선별적으로 필터를 적용해야 한다. 마지막으로 그린란드 북서부 내륙의 NEEM 캠프의 풍상 지역에서 채취한 눈 시료의 이온성분 측정 자료의 불확도를 산출하기 위해 이온 성분 가운데 <TEX>$F^-$</TEX> 측정 자료에 대해 불확도를 결정하였다. To determine ionic species in snowpit samples using ion chromatography system, we described the performance of ion chromatography(IC) system, cleaning method of bottle, and interference by filtering procedure. The limit of detection, reproducibilities, and accuracies determined with BCR<TEX>$^{(R)}$</TEX>-408 were 0.01-0.26 <TEX>${\mu}g$</TEX>/L, 0.4-17.4%, 4.5-12.0% for cations and 0.02-0.26 <TEX>${\mu}g/L$</TEX>, 0.1-27.6%, 1.3-5.6% for anions, respectively. Lab blank test for sample bottle indicated that <TEX>$CH_3CO_2{^-}$</TEX>, <TEX>$HCO_2{^-}$</TEX>, and <TEX>$NH_4{^+}$</TEX> can be easily contaminated in the lab environment. The positive interferences of <TEX>$NO_3{^-}$</TEX> were partly attributed to the cleaning method of bottle. The filtering of melted snow sample should be carefully applied because it can positively affect the concentration levels of some ionic species. Finally, this method was applied to measure ionic species in snowpit samples from the upward area near NEEM camp and the uncertainties of measurement data of <TEX>$F^-$</TEX> were also estimated.

Performance of ion chromatography in the determination of anions and cations in various natural waters with elevated mineralization

The performance of ion chromatography in the determination of anions and cations in natural mineral waters of different composition and different total mineralization was evaluated. Up to 12 ions of the 20 usually included in extended chemical analysis of natural waters were successfully determined by ion chromatography alone. At least 98.60% and up to 99.96% of total cation composition of mineral waters was determined by ion chromatography. Hydrogen carbonate predominated in anion composition of mineral waters and was determined titrimetrically. The percentage of anions determined by ion chromatography in the remaining anion composition of mineral waters was between 98.90% and 99.96%. The agreement between total concentrations of anions and cations in individual mineral waters determined predominantly by ion chromatography is very good and the performance of ion chromatography for the basic and for the extended chemical analysis of highly mineralized water samples is very high. Method development was assisted by previously developed algorithms and appropriate experimental conditions are also discussed.