Performance Of High-rise Buildings Research Articles

Seismic performance of high rise building having a shear wall with opening and without opening

Engineers are primarily interested in determining how a structure will behave when subjected to horizontal forces, and high-rise buildings need to be sufficiently stiff to withstand the horizontal forces produced by earthquakes. Shear walls are added to the inside of the planned building in order to resist the horizontal forces, or lateral loads, produced by earthquakes and to increase the structure’s rigidity. Shear walls may have one or more functional openings, such as doors, windows, and other types of openings. The size and location of openings can vary depending on their purpose. The size and location of shear walls are critical. This study uses Response Spectrum Analysis to investigate the nature of the earthquake-exposed structure and the placement of Shear walls within a G+ 10 multi-story residential building. The storey drift, storey shear, maximum permissible displacement, and stiffness of the multi-story building with G + 10 are all examined. In accordance with IS 1893 (Part-1) 2016, the study and modelling of the entire structure are carried out for seismic zone V using the well-known FEM integrated programme Etabs. In this project, the dynamic analysis is performed on medium soil for an irregular structure. It is concluded that the structure with shear walls will show better results in terms of all the seismic parameters when compared with the structures without a shear wall and shear walls with openings.

Seismic performance of high-rise buildings in selected regions in Saudi Arabia according to different seismic codes

The design code for each country is revised and updated based on an expected zone’s seismic intensities, geotechnical site classifications, structural systems, construction materials and methods of construction in order to provide more realistic considerations of seismic demand, seismic response, and seismic capacity. Based on the aforementioned provisions, structures designed according to different seismic codes may yield different performances for the same level of hazard. This study aims to investigate and compare the induced responses related to the earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings according to the Saudi building code (SBC-301), American code (ASCE-7), uniform building code (UBC-97), and European code (EC-8). In order to account for the provision regarding the hazard specification and its effect on the induced seismic responses, four regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with different seismic levels are selected. The code provisions related to the specification of site classification and its effect on the induced design base shear are investigated as well. Significant differences are observed in the induced responses with the variation in seismic design codes for the considered seismic hazards and site classifications.

Identification of E-Maintenance Elements and Indicators that Affect Maintenance Performance of High Rise Building: A Literature Review

There are still many high-rise building managements that carried out in a conventional method and do not involve the latest ICT. So that the maintenance implementation is not running effective and efficient which causes the maintenance performance of the building is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to identify elements and indicators that can be used to evaluate the implementation of e-maintenance in high-rise buildings in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. This study aims to identify the elements and indicators in the implementation of e- maintenance that affect the performance of maintaining high-rise buildings using the literature study and Delphi methods. First, the elements and indicators were obtained by the literature study and then were validated by the experts. As for the research produced five elements that affect the performance of high-rise building maintenance, those are maintenance policies (planning and development, implementation, systems, and improvement): 15 indicators; WBS (scope and value): 7 indicators; guidelines (procedures and methods, program, tools and equipment): 11 indicators; information systems (organization, management, information technology): 15 indicators, and BIM (utilities, information, functional, technical, and organizational/legal criteria): 9 indicators. The building maintenance performance obtained (failure rate, downtime, cost, and service quality) consists of 14 indicators.

Seismic Performance of High Rise Buildings with Different Types of Shear Wall

In today’s construction world, aesthetic tall structures play a major role. The design of aesthetic high - rise buildings need to be checked for its safety against extreme load conditions such as earthquake, wind, etc. The provision of composite shear wall is one of the efficient methods to make high rise buildings seismic resistant. In this paper different types of shear walls, namely, concrete shear wall, silica fume concrete shear wall, steel plate shear wall and steel-silica fume concrete composite shear wall are considered for lift wall in 22 and 52 storeyed high-rise buildings. The seismic performance of these buildings is analysed using response spectrum method by ETABS. The factors such as storey displacement, storey drift and storey shear are studied and found that there is a significant reduction when compared to the conventional shear wall.

Effect of Shear Wall on Seismic Performance of High Rise Building Adopting Linear Dynamic Analysis

Earlier, the buildings were designed for only dead loads not for the seismic loads. But, as the populations go on increasing and there is limited space available for living. So now a day we raise the height of the structures, as height is increases different parameters affects the structure like seismic loads and wind loads. Seismic force is a lateral horizontal force acting on throughout the height of the building. We can use the shear wall to resist the lateral horizontal forces effectively; a shear wall is a vertical wall-like structure designed to resist in-plane lateral forces. In the present study, work contains the seismic analysis of G+20 High Rise Building by using shear walls at different locations in the building. Also, the investigation of seismic performance of the building based on parameters such as base shear, storey displacement and storey drift. The seismic analysis is performed by using Linear Dynamic Method and well-known analysis and design software ETABS.

Effect of Soil Flexibility on Seismic Fragility of Code-Designed Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings

The seismic response of structures is very complex owing to the behaviour of soils during an earthquake. Traditional seismic designs rely on the assumption that the base of the foundation is fixed. However, the foundation tends to displace owing to the flexible nature of the soil. Indian seismic code and other codes though incorporate the effect of soil-structure-interaction (SSI), but in a very broad sense, and thus are inadequate. This study aims to understand the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings designed according to the Indian code, considering soil flexibility. The seismic vulnerability of buildings is investigated through pushover and fragility analysis. Six RC framed buildings with different heights, encompassing low-, mid- and high-rise buildings, covering a wide range of lateral periods (short-, medium- and long-periods), are considered. These buildings are considered to be resting on raft foundations. The soil flexibility for four types of soft clay soil is computed based on shear velocity, shear modulus and density. A variational study for a range of soft soils in combination with short-, medium- and long-period structures is carried out. Fragility curves and damage probability matrices are developed using push over analysis incorporating SSI. The overall conclusions from the fragility curves are that the soil flexibility may significantly increase the seismic vulnerability of low-rise RC framed buildings, and the performance of high-rise buildings may be improved by taking this into consideration.

A Comparative Study on Shear Wall Concept in Accordance to its Seismic Behavior

The consequences of lateral loads like earthquake loads, wind loads and blast forces are achieving utmost concern nowadays. Imparting sufficient strength and stability in counter to the lateral loads is one of the major challenges faced by every designer. Therefore Proper understanding of the Seismic performance of different types of shear walls is necessary for structural engineers so as to safeguard the structure against lateral loads. The present paper describes the comparison of the seismic performance of high rise buildings and optimizing the thickness of RCC shear wall, Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) and composite shear wall for (G+20) stories. The design and analysis of the building with RCC shear wall, steel plate shear wall and composite shear wall is carried out using software ETABS. Effect of varying thickness of shear panels and comparison of the results of story drift and story shear is presented.

Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Plane Frame, Shear Wall with and without Openings

Malaysia is situated at Sunda plate which has geographic advantage in seismic zone. However, an earthquake occurred in Sabah, east of Malaysia without a warning in 2015. This scenario raised the question regarding the structural performance of high-rise buildings in Malaysia in response to seismic activity. This study is to analyze the effects of the shear wall on seven RC buildings by using pushover analysis. This pushover analysis is a simple approach where a building is subjected to increasing horizontal lateral loads until the building fails. SCIA Engineer software is used to model three different designs of seven storeys buildings are model in accordance with the Eurocode 8. The pushover analyses are carried out on three models, pushover curves (base shear vs. roof displacement) are plotted, and they are compared to explore both elastic and inelastic properties of the building response to the seismic action. The frame model without shear wall can resist less base shear. The plane frame model also approaches maximum allowable displacement of 60 mm earlier as compared to the other two models. Therefore, the high-rise buildings with shear wall design are highly recommended for the lifelong seismic resistance of reinforced concrete buildings.

Piping Fragility Evaluation: Interaction With High-Rise Building Performance

Many recent studies have emphasized the need for improving seismic performance of nonstructural systems in critical facilities in order to reduce the damage as well as to maintain continued operation of the facility after an earthquake. This paper is focused on evaluating system-level seismic fragility of the piping in a representative high-rise building. Piping fragilities are evaluated by incorporating the nonlinear finite-element model of a threaded Tee-joint that is validated using experimental results. The emphasis in this study is on evaluating the effects of building performance on the piping fragility. The differences in piping fragility due to the nonlinearities in building are evaluated by comparing the fragility curves for linear frame and nonlinear fiber models. It is observed that as nonlinearity in the building increases with increasing value of peak ground acceleration, the floor accelerations exhibit a reduction due to degradation/softening. Consequently, the probabilities of failure increase at a slower rate relative to that in a linear frame. It is also observed that a piping located at higher floor does not necessarily exhibits high fragilities, i.e., the fundamental building mode is not always the governing mode. Higher order building modes with frequencies closest to critical piping modes of interest contribute more significantly to the piping fragility. Within a particular building mode of interest, a good indicator of the amplification at different floor levels can be obtained by the product of mode shape ordinate and modal participation factor. Piping fragilities are likely to be higher at floor levels at which this product has a higher value.

Research on the Seismic Design of High-rise Steel Building Based on Security Perspective

In recent years, with the continuous development of the construction industry, the development of high-rise steel structure growth fast in China. At the same time, it is very important to analyze the structure of these high-rise steel Building, especially the seismic performance analysis. In this paper, the authors analyze the seismic performance of high rise buildings by using finite element modeling, dynamic and static analysis. Through the static analysis of steel structure that combined with dead load, live load and wind load, the result shows that when steel support under the force, the maximum node stress mainly appears in the low-end and the ninth layer, which is located in 19, 22 axis node stress is the largest, respectively as 65.9Mpa, 62.6Mpa, it is safety and within the strength limit. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of steel structure buildings

Analytical Investigation of High Rise Building under Blast Loading

This paper presents the dynamic response of high rise building subjected to blast loading. It is about understanding the explosion phenomena and investigating the dynamic response of a concrete frame structure by using SAP2000. Building is of 10 storey is exposed to 30kg TNT and 60kg TNT with three different standoff distances of 10m, 12.5m and 15m respectively. A non-linear three Dimensional is used for analyzing the dynamic response of a structure. In the present scenario, structures under blast loading (i.e. bomb explosion) are acting in short duration with high pressure intensity of shock wave which is outlined in section of TM-5 1300.The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of high rise buildings under blast loading, blast phenomena and dynamic response of a concrete frame structure under blast loading by using SAP2000 software. Blasting vibration responses are simulated by using MATLAB program. The result obtained in terms of time history function, displacements and influence of the parameter considering the resistance of structure. Therefore, for decreasing the facade on surrounding buildings, moderate explosive energy is used to control the structural damages due to explosion.

Seismic Performance of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Buildings Evaluated by Nonlinear Pushover and Dynamic Analyses

This paper investigates the combined effect of flexural and shear actions on the failure modes of the high strength reinforced concrete (HRC) members using the proposed algorithm for plastic hinge formation. The accuracy of the present procedure for the HRC columns was verified by comparing the results obtained with those of the cyclic loading tests performed in Japan. To evaluate the seismic performance of the HRC high-rise buildings, a seismic performance checklist for the HRC buildings was recommended. Based on the proposed algorithm for formation of plastic hinges, the seismic performance of HRC buildings based on the static pushover analysis is evaluated. From the results of the pushover analysis, a simplified lumped-mass stick model was developed, which is adopted to evaluate the seismic performance using the nonlinear time history analysis. For the purpose of illustration, the seismic performance of a high-rise building constructed with HRC was investigated by both the nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses using the proposed procedure and concepts. The results of this paper serve as a useful reference for the seismic design and evaluation of HRC high-rise structures.

Analysis of Seismic Response Influence of High Rise Building Nearby Subway Station in Soft Site

A two-dimensional finite element model for soil-subway station- high rise building was created based on the representative soft soil site along the Nanjing subway to study the nonlinear dynamic interaction among three parts. The influence of two-layer and three-stride island-type subway station was explored on the seismic response of nearby high rise building. The results showed that the natural frequency of high rise building was reduced apparently because of the existence of soft soil. The displacement angle between the layers of high rise buildings and right swing relative horizontal displacement amplitude between top and bottom was increased when the subway station was located at the left of the high rise building. In the same time, the shear force of the beam end and the moment amplitude on the middle span of the first and second floor of high rise building, the shear force of the column end on the fist layer, the shear and moment amplitude of the middle column end and right side column end on underground layer were all increased, and the increase proportion is even up to 30% on certain areas, which could weaken the seismic performance of high rise building.

Discussion of Pile Design for High-Rise Buildings

In order to minimize the final differential settlement and improve the mechanics performance of high-rise buildings and its podium, some pile design concept for the tower-podium connected building is discussed in this paper. According to the interaction of superstructure-foundation-pile, the pile rigidity of tower area (the core area) is enhanced, and that of outer podium area is weakened in the optimal pile design. This measure is applied in some projects with good technical result and economical effects.

A New Static Nonlinear Procedure for Assessment of Seismic Performance of High-Rise Buildings

A new static nonlinear pushover procedure is proposed for assessment of seismic capacity for high-rise buildings. Rather than simply combining the results carried out by modal inertia force distributions to estimate the total building capacity after pushover analysis, the present study develops in advance the most critical lateral load distribution which is developed via energy dissipation analysis based on least-energy principle. The advantage of the present method is that the effect of different earthquake input directions can be well considered, as well as that unstable solutions due to employing linear method to combine the nonlinear analysis results can be avoided. Thus, the performance of building can be evaluated more reasonably. By comparing with the results from nonlinear response history analysis using real earthquake tremor monitoring results, the validity of the present method is validated.

Study on Evaluation Method of High-Rise Building Performance by Equivalent Single Degree of Freedom System

A performance evaluation method of high-rise buildings is presented, by means of capacity spectra method which allows for higher mode effects. The multi-degree-of-freedom system (MDOF) of each mode is transformed into equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, and the ESDOF system is supposed to be elastic perfectly plastic. In elastic range, the equivalent displacement of ESDOF system for each mode is deduced by displacement response spectra based on the natural period, and the structural lateral elastic displacement of each mode could be determined by the corresponding equivalent displacement and mode shape. In inelastic range, according to capacity spectra method, the relationships among demand curve, capacity curve and ductility coefficient are built. The structural performance under moderate or major earthquake is determined by iteration method. The paper illustrates the application of the proposed procedure with an example and attempts to prove its feasibility by nonlinear time-history analysis.

Structural systems to improve wind induced dynamic performance of high rise buildings

Wind induced dynamic response of multistoried high rise buildings can be controlled to some extent by a suitable choice of geometry. However, the forms of the structure are dictated by the architecture of the building. Architectural forms with asymmetrical shapes, multiple step backs, attractive and distinctive building tops and tall building lobbies present a challenge to the design engineer. The dynamic performance of the building in terms of the wind loads and the lateral accelerations induced at the upper floors is inversely proportional to its stiffness, effective mass, and the structural damping. Extrenally applied devices such as tuned mass or viscoelastic dampers are known to have improved the structural damping of tall buildings. The effective mass of the building, which is a dominant factor in improving dynamic response of the structure, can be increased effectively with a readjustment of structural stiffness and by modifying the fundamental vibrational mode shape of the structure. Architectural design features such as tall free spanning lobbies or distinctive building tops can be judiciously used by a structural engineer to increase the effective mass of the structure and thereby improve its dynamic performance. This paper discusses evolution of different economical structural systems with the main emphasis on modifying the vibrational fundamental mode shape and thereby increasing its effective mass.

Structural systems to improve wind induced dynamic performance of high rise buildings

Wind induced dynamic response of multistoried high rise buildings can be controlled to some extent by a suitable choice of geometry. However, the forms of the structure are dictated by the architecture of the building. Architectural forms with asymmetrical shapes, multiple step backs, attractive and distinctive building tops and tall building lobbies present a challenge to the design engineer. The dynamic performance of the building in terms of the wind loads and the lateral accelerations induced at the upper floors is inversely proportional to its stiffness, effective mass, and the structural damping. Extrenally applied devices such as tuned mass or viscoelastic dampers are known to have improved the structural damping of tall buildings.The effective mass of the building, which is a dominant factor in improving dynamic response of the structure, can be increased effectively with a readjustment of structural stiffness and by modifying the fundamental vibrational mode shape of the structure. Architectural design features such as tall free spanning lobbies or distinctive building tops can be judiciously used by a structural engineer to increase the effective mass of the structure and thereby improve its dynamic performance. This paper discusses evolution of different economical structural systems with the main emphasis on modifying the vibrational fundamental mode shape and thereby increasing its effective mass.