Performance Of Glucose Sensors Research Articles

Highly flexible and transparent amorphous indium doped tin oxide on bio-compatible polymers for transparent wearable sensors

Highly transparent and flexible amorphous Sn-doped In2O3 (a-ITO) films deposited on flexible and bio-compatible cyclic olefin polymer (COP) substrate using a direct-current magnetron sputtering at room temperature were used as flexible and transparent electrodes for transparent wearable sensors. The figure of merits (FoM) value was calculated to determine the optimal sputtering process for the a-ITO electrodes by varying the direct current power, working pressure, oxygen flow rate, and a-ITO thickness. The optimized a-ITO/COP with a high FoM value of 8.9 exhibited a low sheet resistance of 36 Ohm/square, average transmittances of 89.5 % in the visible wavelength region, and a small critical bending radius of 7 mm, which are acceptable transparent electrodes for fabrication of wearable and transparent wearable sensors. To demonstrate the feasibility of the a-ITO/COP substrate as a promising wearable sensor, we examined the performance of wearable temperature sensors, wearable heaters, and wearable glucose sensors. The successful operation of a-ITO/COP-based temperature sensors with high sensitivity, transparent heaters with a saturation temperature of 87.8 °C at 6 V, and glucose sensors with high sensitivity indicates that a-ITO/COP is a promising bio-compatible electrode for next-generation wearable bionic electronics.

Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Ni(OH)2/NF Materials Using Different Pulse Voltammetry Technique

Non-enzymatic glucose sensors have gained significant attention owing to their potential for accurate and cost-effective glucose detection. Nanomaterials play a pivotal role in enhancing performance of non-enzymatic glucose sensor. In this study, a novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Ni(OH)2/NF (nickel hydroxide/nickel foam) materials was developed using different pulse voltammetry technique. Chemical precipitation methods have been used to grow Ni(OH)2 nanostructures directly on a nickel foam electrode. The characterization of the synthesized materials was performed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance of the Ni(OH)2/NF-based glucose sensor was evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Nanoscale hive-like structures of Ni(OH)2 with a diameter ranging from 450 to 530 μm and a thickness of 20 nm were formed on the NF surface. The sensor exhibited good performance, displaying a high sensitivity of 8.42mA.mM-1.cm-2 with a low detection limit of 0.84 μM. These results position the synthesized electrode as a promising contender for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors.

MOF-based Sensing Materials for Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensors

<p>Diabetes mellitus is one of the common chronic diseases, seriously threating to human health. The continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration can effectively prevent diabetic diseases. The sensing performance of glucose non-enzymatic sensors is mainly determined by working electrode materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are recognized as promising candidate for glucose sensor application, due to its large surface areas, ordered porous structure and nearly infinite designability. In this review, the sensing performance, research progress and future challenge of non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on MOF-based materials in recent years are presented. We hope that this review would provide valuable technology guidance for high performance non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on MOFs.</p>

Research Progress on the Application of Nanocellulose in Glucose Sensing.

Nanocellulose is not only a biocompatible and environmentally friendly material but also has excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, and a large number of hydroxyl groups that have a strong affinity for water. These characteristics have attracted significant attention from researchers in the field of glucose sensing. This review provides a brief overview of the current research status of traditional materials used in glucose sensors. The sensing performance, chemical stability, and environ-mental properties of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are compared and summarized based on the three sensing methods: electrochemical sensing, colorimetric sensing, and fluo-rescence sensing. The article focuses on recent strategies for glucose sensing using nanocel-lulose as a matrix. The development prospects of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors are also discussed. Nanocellulose has outstanding structural characteristics that contribute signifi-cantly to the sensing performance of glucose sensors in different detection modes. However, the preparation process for high-quality nanocellulose is complicated and has a low yield. Furthermore, the sensitivity and selectivity of nanocellulose-based glucose sensors require further improvement.

Seamless integration of a nickel-based metal-organic framework with three-dimensional substrates for nonenzymatic glucose sensing.

The effective integration of nanomaterials with underlying current collectors is a key factor affecting the performance of nonenzymatic glucose sensors, where an inappropriate integration structure often leads to poor electron transport and instability. In this work, a seamless integrated electrode was constructed by the in situ immobilizing of a nickel-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) on a three-dimensional (3D) conductive nickel foam (NF) for highly sensitive and durable glucose sensing. Facilitated by a rapid microwave-assisted reaction, a robust interfacial interaction between the Ni-MOF and the substrate was established through in situ conversion from nickel oxide (NiO). The fabricated Ni-MOF/NF electrode exhibits an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 2.65 μM and an impressive sensitivity (14.31 mA cm-2 mM-1) within the linear range (4-576 μM), which is significantly boosted compared with that of an electrode prepared by a typical drop-casting method (3.56 mA cm-2 mM-1 in 4-1836 μM). Characterization and electrochemical tests reveal that this integrated structure on the one hand contributes to fast electron transport and thus has enhanced sensitivity and on the other hand leads to exceptional durability with its structural integrity maintained under bending, shaking, and ultrasonication. Moreover, this seamless integration method was also employed to immobilize the Ni-MOF converted from the pre-chemically deposited NiO layer on another type of substrate, 3D carbon paper (CP), demonstrating the versatility of this facile strategy in creating diverse electrochemical electrodes for applications beyond glucose sensing.

Nanomaterials for Monitoring Glucose in Diabetes

Monitoring blood glucose levels assists diabetics in controlling their condition on a personal level, minimizing the negative effects of numerous other diseases associated with diabetes. Due to the short comings of current diagnostic techniques, many researches are being done to create more accurate ways to test glucose. There has been a huge need for the creation of advanced glucose biosensors for the human society. Research has mainly concentrated on attaining biocompatible and better sensing capabilities in comparison to the current technologies, which opens up new avenues for more effective glucose sensors. These efforts have been impacted by nanotechnology because of the unique properties of nanomaterials such as increase in the surface area of sensors, and enhances the catalytic properties of electrodes. Here, we will review the recent advancements in glucose biosensor based on nanomaterials that enhance the glucose sensor performance.

High-Performance, non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Fe and Cu Doped ZnO/rGO Based Nanocomposite

In the present work, the fabrication and performance of glucose sensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their composite is demonstrated. ZnO nanostructures possess fascinating properties like large surface area, superior crystal nature and good electrical as well as optical properties. Co-precipitation method was used to fabricate ZnO NPs, iron doped and copper doped ZnO NPs and their composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The structural parameters of pure and doped samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction method. Functional group study of the sample was carried out by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphological study of bare ZnO, iron doped ZnO, copper doped ZnO and their composite with rGO were studied by SEM. XRD pattern showed that ZnO had hexagonal wurtzite structure. The studies of electrochemical properties of the electrode using cyclic voltammetry showed that prepared samples were promising for the development of cost effective and non-enzymatic electrochemical based glucose sensor with excellent characteristics. The prepared iron doped ZnO/rGO based composite signify greater sensitivity and greater electrocatalytic activity than rest of the composition considered in current study.

Carbon Nanotube Fiber-Based Flexible Microelectrode for Electrochemical Glucose Sensors.

Electrochemical sensors are gaining significant demand for real-time monitoring of health-related parameters such as temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose level. A fiber-like microelectrode composed of copper oxide-modified carbon nanotubes (CuO@CNTFs) has been developed as a flexible and wearable glucose sensor with remarkable catalytic activity. The unidimensional structure of CNT fibers displayed efficient conductivity with enhanced mechanical strength, which makes these fibers far superior as compared to other fibrous-like materials. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were deposited over the surface of CNT fibers by a binder-free facile electrodeposition approach followed by thermal treatment that enhanced the performance of non-enzymatic glucose sensors. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the successful deposition of CuO nanoparticles over the fiber surface. Amperometric and voltammetric studies of fiber-based microelectrodes (CuO@CNTFs) toward glucose sensing showed an excellent sensitivity of ∼3000 μA/mM cm2, a low detection limit of 1.4 μM, and a wide linear range of up to 13 mM. The superior performance of the microelectrode is attributed to the synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic activity of CuO nanoparticles and the excellent conductivity of CNT fibers. A lower charge transfer resistance value obtained via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also demonstrated the superior electrode performance. This work demonstrates a facile approach for developing CNT fiber-based microelectrodes as a promising solution for flexible and disposable non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

Flexible enzymatic biosensor based on graphene sponge for glucose detection in human sweat

The development of flexible glucose biosensors makes it possible to perform non-invasive blood glucose monitoring through wearable devices, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this study, a flexible GOx/CTS/GS/PB (GCGP) biosensor for sweat glucose detection was fabricated, which is comprised of gold electrode, Prussian blue (PB), graphene sponge (GS) chitosan (CTS) and glucose oxidase (GOx). The GCGP biosensor realizes a high detection sensitivity of 1790 nA·mM−1·cm−2 and a low detection limit of 2.45 μM (S/N = 3) towards sweat glucose at a low potential (0.075 V, vs. Ag/AgCl) in a linear range from 8.17 to 1000 μM. Moreover, the GCGP biosensor shows high selectivity for glucose and has a good response to glucose in real sweat, which was collected from volunteers playing table tennis. The superior performance of flexible sweat glucose sensors can be due in no small part to the addition of GS. The large specific surface area and the cross-linked hierarchical porous structure of GS enable easy absorption and even distribution of a large amount of GOx. Combined with the high conductivity inherited from graphene, multiple channels for the rapid transport of electrons and ions are available. The abundant binding sites of GS provide the possibility for further composites with other functional materials to improve the performance of the flexible sweat glucose biosensor in future research.

Preparation and performance of CNTs-Pt formaldehyde sensor and CNTs-Au glucose sensor

PurposeSince carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were discovered by Iijima in 1991, they have gained more and more attention by people because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The CNTs have one-dimensional nanostructure, high surface adsorption capacity, good conductivity and electronic ballistic transmission characteristics and therefore have excellent mechanical, electrical, physical and chemical properties. CNTs are ideal basic materials to make nanometer gas sensors. Nanometallic materials function as to enhance electrode activity and promote the electron transfer, so if composite nanometallic materials M (such as Au, Pt, Cu and Pd) and CNTs are used, all kinds of their characters of components would have coeffect. Electrochemical sensors by use of such composite as electrode would have a higher detection sensitivity.Design/methodology/approachCNTs were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition technique and were purified afterward. CNTs-M(Pt,Au) suspension was prepared by chemical deposition using spinning disc processor (SDP) and was coated on gold electrode. The modified electrodes were constructed, based on immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode by electrostatic effect. CNTs-Pt/ glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) electrodes were made by electrochemically deposition of platinum particles on GCE modified by CNTs. The microstructures of the harvested CNTs, CNTs-M (M = Au, Pt) were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The application of the sensor in medical detection has been evaluated.FindingsThe results shown that CNTs-Au biosensors exhibit good reproducibility, stability and fast response to glucose detection, it can be used in the clinic detection of glucose concentration in human serum. Using CNTs-Pt/GCE for formaldehyde detection exhibited high sensitivity and good reproducibility.Originality/valueThis study modified CNTs by using self-assembled techniques through SDP with nano Pt and Au by electrodeposition for the first time. CNTs-Pt/GCE electrode was prepared by depositing platinum particles electrochemically on GCE modified by CNTs. CNTs-Au-modified electrode was prepared by immobilization of glucose oxidase on an Au electrode first by electrostatic effect. Electrochemical behaviors of glucose at CNTs-Au and formaldehyde at CNTs-Pt/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.

Recent Developments and Future Perspective on Electrochemical Glucose Sensors Based on 2D Materials.

Diabetes is a health disorder that necessitates constant blood glucose monitoring. The industry is always interested in creating novel glucose sensor devices because of the great demand for low-cost, quick, and precise means of monitoring blood glucose levels. Electrochemical glucose sensors, among others, have been developed and are now frequently used in clinical research. Nonetheless, despite the substantial obstacles, these electrochemical glucose sensors face numerous challenges. Because of their excellent stability, vast surface area, and low cost, various types of 2D materials have been employed to produce enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensing applications. This review article looks at both enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensors made from 2D materials. On the other hand, we concentrated on discussing the complexities of many significant papers addressing the construction of sensors and the usage of prepared sensors so that readers might grasp the concepts underlying such devices and related detection strategies. We also discuss several tuning approaches for improving electrochemical glucose sensor performance, as well as current breakthroughs and future plans in wearable and flexible electrochemical glucose sensors based on 2D materials as well as photoelectrochemical sensors.

MXene nanoflakes decorating ZnO tetrapods for enhanced performance of skin-attachable stretchable enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor

Continuous painless glucose monitoring is the greatest desire of more than 422 million diabetics worldwide. Therefore, new non-invasive and convenient approaches to glucose monitoring are more in demand than other tests for microanalytical diagnostic tools. Besides, blood glucose detection can be replaced by continuous glucose monitoring of other human biological fluids (e.g. sweat) collected non-invasively. In this study, a skin-attachable and stretchable electrochemical enzymatic sensor based on ZnO tetrapods (TPs) and a new class of 2D materials - transition metal carbides, known as MXene, was developed and their electroanalytical behavior was tailored for continuous detection glucose in sweat. The high specific area of ZnO TPs and superior electrical conductivity of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanoflakes enabled to produce enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor with enhanced sensitivity in sweat sample (29 μA mM−1 cm−2), low limit of detection (LOD ≈ 17 μM), broad linear detection range (LDR = 0.05–0.7 mM) that satisfices glucose detection application in human sweat, and advanced mechanical stability (up to 30% stretching) of the template. The developed skin-attachable stretchable electrochemical electrodes allowed to monitor the level of glucose in sweat while sugar uptake and during physical activity. Continuous in vivo monitoring of glucose in sweat obtained during 60 min correlated well with data collected by a conventional amperometric blood glucometer in vitro mode. Our findings demonstrate the high potential of developed ZnO/MXene skin-attachable stretchable sensors for biomedical applications on a daily basis.

Photoinduced phase-transition on CuO electrospun nanofibers over the TiO2 photosensitizer for enhancing non-enzymatic glucose-sensing performance

Constructing metal-oxide-based composites with the multiple valence-states and redox-couples has been proved as an effective strategy to enhance the performance of non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Herein, we report a mild and efficient method to prepare multiple-valent copper-based oxide composite nanofibers (CuxO CNFs) through introducing the TiO2 photosensitizer into the CuO NFs for actuating the localized phase transition from tenorite CuO (Cu2+) to cuprite Cu2O (Cu+) upon UV–visible light irradiation. The sensitivity of the obtained TiO2/Cu2O/CuO CNFs for glucose sensing (0–2 mM) could be enhanced by 1.12–1.31 times as compared to that of the TiO2/CuO CNFs. The enhanced sensitivity is dependent on the TiO2-content in the primal TiO2/CuO CNFs. When introducing 5.0 at.% of TiO2 into the CuO nanofibers, the photoinduced phase-transition process could result in the formation of optimal TiO2/Cu2O/CuO CNFs with the component ratio of Cu2O to CuO at 0.46:1. This TiO2/Cu2O/CuO CNFs (2074.7 µA·mM−1·cm−2; 0.25 µM) exhibited nearly 1.32-fold improvement on the sensitivity and 3.0-fold enhancement on the detection limit as compared to the corresponding values of the pure CuO electrospun nanofibers (1581 µA·mM−1·cm−2; 0.75 µM). After the continuous measurements for 14 days, the sensitivity of the optimal sample could maintain 89.4% of its initial value. Notably, its sensitivity could be further recovered to 97.4% of the initial value after UV–visible light irradiation for 1 h.

Glucose sensing performance of PAN: β-rhombohedral borophene based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor

In this study, centrosymmetric β-rhombohedral crystalline structured borophene was prepared by the physical exfoliation method. Hexagonal morphology of Borophene with 0.41 nm lattice spacing was observed. PAN: β Borophene nanocomposite was prepared by sonication of PAN and β borophene. PAN: β Borophene was observed in bunch fringes nanomorphology. PAN-based and PAN: β-Rhombohedral Borophene-based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors were prepared to scrutinize the glucose-sensing performance. PAN: β-Rhombohedral Borophene provided a high charge transfer mechanism to sense glucose more sensitively at room temperature. The PAN: β-Rhombohedral Borophene-based biosensor has a sensitivity of 8.43 μA mM−1 cm−2 in a voltammetry cycle of 1 min. The limit of the detection of the PAN: β-Rhombohedral Borophene-based biosensor is 0.099 mM. The prepared non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor based on PAN: β-Rhombohedral Borophene is the first reported PAN-based non-enzymatic biosensor to sense glucose. The biosensor has low-cost, portable, has good stability, short response time, and high sensitivity features.

Performance improvement of a glucose sensor based on fiber optic localized surface plasmon resonance and anti-aggregation of the non-enzymatic receptor

The performance of glucose sensors based on non-enzymatic receptors is often limited because of the aggregation of receptors and the resulting lowered binding efficiency. To improve the limit of detection (LOD) in glucose sensors, a polyoligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is introduced as a support to enhance the binding efficiency between glucose and non-enzymatic receptor. POSS support reduces the aggregation and partially grants orientation to ensure that non-enzymatic receptors can productively react with targets. The synthesized amine@POSS-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) conjugate was immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles, which were fastened on the optical fiber. Optical fiber-based sensors using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enabled rapid detection, ease of handling, and remote sensing. After confirming the response characteristics to the refractive index, a suitable concentration of amine@POSS-APBA receptor was selected for the fabricated fiber optic sensor. Glucose detection was performed at various concentrations using non-enzymatic receptors with and without POSS support. The experimental results demonstrated that increased responses were observed in the designed method than when only the non-enzymatic receptor was applied. The LOD for glucose was quantified as 25.0 μM. We believe that improved glucose sensors based on fiber optic LSPR and POSS support has the potential to be applied to field detection in various fields, such as medicine, food safety, and the environment.

Nanolayers of carbon protected copper oxide nanocomposite for high performance energy storage and non-enzymatic glucose sensor

Nanolayers of carbon shell protected nanorods-like copper oxide (CuO-NC) material were prepared via a simple chemical synthesis method. A small molecule compound such as dopamine (DA) was used as carbon precursors. The prepared nanostructured materials were characterized by various techniques and used as bifunctional electrode materials for supercapacitor and non-enzymatic glucose bio-sensing. The electrochemical performance suggested that bifunctional CuO-NC materials provided a high specific capacitance of 247 F g−1 at a current density of 2.5 A g−1. Remarkably, the specific capacitance increased as a function of cycle numbers, and a maximum capacitance of 364 F g−1 was reached and sustained. Furthermore, the glucose-sensing performance was investigated and an excellent sensitivity value of 272.6 µA mM−1 cm−2 was achieved with a low limit of detection (0.14 µM). These excellent activities are mainly attributed to the presence of carbon shell, which acted as high active sites and enhanced electronic conductive paths for CuO-NC. The carbon shell also provided fast electron-transportation and effective protection of the nanorod structures under harsh redox condition, leading to excellent electrochemical activity.

Non-enzymatic glucose sensor and photocurrent performance of zinc oxide quantum dots supported multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Hybrid nanocomposites consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT)/nanomaterial heterostructure play a key part in the excellent performance of nano-devices by coupling different functionalities. In this study, a glucose sensor was fabricated by immobilizing zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites using ultrasonication in an ease and economical method. ZnO QDs with ~ 3–8 nm diameters were grown and anchored on the surface of MWCNTs. These nanocomposites were characterized using different spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. XRD reveals the wurtzite structure of ZnO. TEM confirmed that ZnO QDs were anchored onto MWCNTs. The synthesized nanocomposites were applied as a sensor for electrochemical detection of glucose and as a photoelectric effect for photoelectric current measurements. The electrochemical properties of the MWCNT/ZnO QDs nanocomposite were enhanced significantly for glucose sensing when compared to pristine ZnO and MWCNTs. Results showed that ZnO QDs anchored over MWCNTs have a sensitivity of 9.36 µA µM−1 with repeatable results. The detection limit was found to be 0.208 µM. By applying nanocomposites on the sensor, the linear range could be extended from 0.1 to 2.5 µM, which increases the response time to less than 3 s. Experimental results also indicate that the sensor response is unaffected by the common interference agents during glucose-sensing such as sucrose, ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. The proposed sensor was successfully employed to detect glucose levels in human urine samples with satisfactory outcomes.

One-pot synthesis of uniform Cu nanowires and their enhanced non-enzymatic glucose sensor performance

High cost and narrow detection range of electrocatalyst are the two major challenges for the commercialization of non-enzymatic sensor. In this work, we synthesized Cu nanowires (Cu NWs) with unique morphology and high yields were by a one-pot hydrothermal method. Different from conventional amine-assisted method, we restrained the nano-particles (NPs) formation by introducing the HCl solution. The as-prepared Cu NWs were further utilized in a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Benefiting from the path directing effects and abundant (100) facets, the sensor constructed by Cu NWs exhibited a superior sensitivity (1001.8 µA/mM cm2) than that by analogous Cu NWs containing Cu NPs (338.3 µA/mM cm2). And the enhanced factor could reach 2.96. Moreover, the obtained Cu NWs show a wide linear response to the glucose. And the detection range could up to 25 mM, with a detection limit of 2.3 μM. This work demonstrated the preferable sensor performance of Cu NWs with uniform morphology, which opens up new avenues for utilizing 1D non-noble metals nanostructures in other sensors.

Enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical glucose sensor via the electron cloud bridge of Au in SrTiO3/PDA electrodes.

Developing photoelectrochemical biosensors via efficient photogenerated-charge separation remains a challenging task in biomolecular detection. In this study, we utilised a simple approach for constructing an efficient photoactive organic–inorganic heterojunction interface composed of SrTiO3 with high photocatalytic activity and polydopamine (PDA) with high biocompatibility and electrical conductivity. Gold nanoparticles with dense electron cloud properties were introduced as a bridge between SrTiO3 and PDA (SrTiO3/Au/PDA). The Au bridge allowed the PDA to uniformly and tightly attach on the surface of SrTiO3 electrodes and also provided a separate transmission channel for electrons from PDA to SrTiO3. The rapidly transmitted electrons were captured by a signal-acquisition system, thereby improving the photocurrent signal output. The 3D hollowed out SrTiO3/Au/PDA biosensor manufactured herein was used for glucose detection. The biosensor achieved ultrahigh sensitivities reaching 23.7 μA mM−1 cm−2, an extended linear range (1–20 mM), and a low detection limit (0.012 mM). The excellent results of glucose analysis in serum samples further confirmed the feasibility of the biosensor in clinical applications. In summary, the proposed strategy allowed for the use of an electronic cloud bridge in the construction of glucose biosensors with satisfactory performances, which is promising for the future fabrication of high-performance biosensors.

Depositing reduced graphene oxide on ZnO nanorods to improve the performance of enzymatic glucose sensors

The improvement of enzymatic glucose sensors, which have outstanding advantages such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, and convenient operation, is crucial because of the increasing demand for the diabetics detection. Here, we prepared the ZnONRs-based glucose sensor by hydrothermally synthesizing the ZnO nanorods (ZnONRs) on a flexible PET substrate. The electrodeposited reduced graphenes (rGO) with different deposition cycles were coated onto the ZnONRs to modify the surface of working electrodes. The high conductivity of rGO promoted the transmission of redox electrons, which significantly improved electron transport between solution and electrode. Also, the rGO smoothed the rough surface of the working electrodes, which negligibly increased the contact angles, reduced the contacting surface area between the working electrodes and the PBS solution, and further decreased the enzyme adsorption that influences the redox electron yield. Nevertheless, the former positive effect was more significant than the latter negative one, which eventually gave rise to better performance of the rGO/ZnONR-based glucose sensors. Thereby, in the Nafion/GOx/rGO-20/ZnONRs/Au/PET sensors, the sensitivity increased by 9.2 times, the detection limit decreased by 47 times, and the linear range was extended from 7.5 mM to 12 mM, compared with sensors without rGOs. Additionally, both of the ZnONRs-based and rGO/ZnONRs-based glucose sensors show strong anti-interference performance in the test environment containing urea, uric acid, and ascorbic acid.