Performance Of Concrete Mixtures Research Articles

Influence of Ceramic Wastes as a Recycled Coarse Aggregate with Different Maximum Sizes on the Concrete

Background Natural raw resources needed for concrete construction are continuously being depleted as a result of infrastructure development that is increasing. As a result, waste material substitutes are highly favored because they adopt a sustainable strategy. Objective In this study, the possibility of substituting natural coarse aggregates with coarse aggregate made from ceramic wall tiles with three different maximum aggregate sizes (12.5, 19, and 25 mm) in three partial replacement levels of natural coarse aggregate by (25, 50, and 75%) was investigated. Methods Concrete's hardened density, compressive and splitting tensile strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and volume of permeable pores were all tested experimentally. Results Results indicated that with the increment of the maximum aggregate size, each of the hardened densities, the compressive and splitting tensile strengths and the rate of water absorption diminished while pulse velocity enhanced, regardless of the substitution rate of ceramic aggregate. However, for all maximum aggregate sizes, the mixture containing 25% ceramic coarse aggregate showed a small improvement in mechanical properties. Compared to the reference mixture, which had compressive strengths of 29.31, 38.73, and 47.13 MPa at 7, 28, and 90 days for the 12.5 mm maximum aggregate size, the improvement ratios were 8.9%, 3.7%, and 2.7% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. Moreover, because of increased heterogeneity, internal bleeding, and the development of microcracks in the larger coarse aggregate sizes, concrete with lower ceramic coarse aggregate sizes has a stronger bond than that of the latter. Results also indicated that the mechanical performance of concrete mixtures having ceramic aggregate slightly improved with 25% ceramic coarse aggregate, then lowered in the mixtures with 50% and 75%, consecutively, at all ages. Concrete using ceramic aggregate displays a poor transition zone because of the improper binding between the paste and the coarse ceramic aggregate caused by the aggregate's porcelain texture. Additionally, the water absorption of concrete mixtures containing ceramic aggregate increased with the increase in the percentage of ceramic coarse aggregate. Conclusion The employing of ceramic waste aggregate was shown to contribute to sustainable development and a cleaner environment by producing sustainable concrete from the recycling of ceramic wastes. Each of the hardened density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption of concrete mixtures decreased and the pulse velocity enhanced as the maximum aggregate size increased. The mechanical properties decreased at all ages in the mixtures containing 50 and 75% of the aggregate, whereas they slightly increased in the mixture containing 25% of the aggregate.

Evaluating the Impact of Material Selections, Mixing Techniques, and On-site Practices on Performance of Concrete Mixtures

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of sand quality, water-to-cement ratio, binder properties, mix design methods, and mixing techniques on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The physicochemical characteristics of coarse aggregates, sands, and binders were analyzed. The experimental results show that the binders and coarse aggregates met standard specifications. However, none of the sands meet construction standards. Corrections were necessary for the dune sands to meet construction standards in terms of grain size distribution and fineness modulus. The results also show that the concretes formulated using the Dreux-Gorisse method exhibited higher quality than the locally formulated concretes. Furthermore, it was found that hand mixing resulted in inadequate mixing, material wastage, lower strength, and increased porosity, whereas machine mixing produced concretes with a more homogeneous microstructure, uniform particle distribution, lower porosity, and higher strength. The batch variability and compressive strength of the hand-mixed concretes were also found to be influenced by the expertise level of the batch mixer and the number of successive hand batches. It was also found that both the soluble silica and the inert methods are reliable for determining binder content in machine-mixed concrete. However, the soluble silica method occasionally exhibited significant variations in hand-mixed concrete compared to the inert method. A combined approach utilizing the average of both methods enhances the overall reliability of the binder content values. Observations on construction sites revealed widespread deviations from recommended guidelines. Issues such as lack of material inspection, proper stockpiling, ingredient contamination, and inadequate batch mixing contributed to variations in concrete workability, porosity, and compressive strength. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-016 Full Text: PDF

Durability Enhancement of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate: The Role of Nano-ZnO

The replacement of virgin aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in concrete mixtures offers an eco-strategy to mitigate the environmental limitations linked with traditional recycling techniques of RCA. However, the inferior properties of RCA, in contrast to virgin aggregate, present an obstacle to efficiently proceeding with this approach. Therefore, the aim of this study is to enhance the characteristics of concrete that contains RCA using nano-ZnO particles. Virgin aggregate was replaced with RCA in 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% ratios, followed by the addition of 0.5 wt.% nano-ZnO. The performance of concrete mixtures was evaluated in terms of their physical, mechanical, and durability properties. The addition of nano-ZnO particles to concrete with RCA resulted in refining its pore structure and reducing its water absorption, where the impermeability of concrete with 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% treated RCA decreased by 14.5% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, nano-ZnO treatment increased the compressive strength of mixtures with 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% RCA by 2.8% and 4%, respectively. All mixtures underwent a reduction in their 28-day compressive strength after exposure to a 5% sulphuric acid solution, where concrete with 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% RCA showed 20.2% and 22.8% strength loss, respectively. However, there was a 17.6% and 19.6% drop in the compressive strength of concrete with 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% RCA and treated with nano-ZnO.

Reusing Ceramic Waste as a Fine Aggregate and Supplemental Cementitious Material in the Manufacture of Sustainable Concrete

A viable strategy for promoting sustainable development and a cleaner environment is the reuse of demolition-related ceramic waste and ceramic manufacturing byproducts in the production of concrete. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibilities for using ceramic waste in the production of concrete as a fine aggregate and cementitious material. The effectiveness of concrete mixtures incorporating 20–100% ceramic waste fine (CWF) as a replacement for natural fine aggregate and 10–30% ceramic waste powder (CWP) in place of cement was evaluated. Their influence was assessed with respect to workability, mechanical performance, durability, and elevated temperature resistance. The results were analyzed via energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings illustrated that the increase in the replacement levels of CWP and CWF decreases the concrete workability. The mechanical performance of concrete mixtures is enhanced under compression and flexural tests as the replacement ratios of CWF and CWP increase up to 50% and 10% as replacements of sand and cement, respectively. The increases in compressive and flexural strength were 5.33% and 8.14%, respectively, at age 28 days. The concrete water permeability significantly increases as the CWF replacement ratio increases, and the incorporation of CWP reduces this negative impact. After exposure to 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C, the residual compressive strengths of concrete mixtures incorporating CWF and CWP were up to 95.02%, 89.66%, 74.33%, and 51.34%, respectively, compared to control mixtures, which achieved 84.25%, 76.03%, 59.36%, and 35.84% of their initial strength. Microstructure analysis revealed that combining CWP and CWF significantly improves cement hydration when compared to the reference mixture. Thus, the use of CWF and CWP in the production of masonry mortar might be an economical alternative that would aid in raising the recycling rate of demolition and construction debris and supporting sustainable growth in the building sector.

Improving the engineering properties of sustainable recycled aggregate concrete modified with metakaolin

This study investigates the potential of metakaolin as a mineral admixture to enhance the performance of concrete mixtures with varying proportions of recycled aggregates (RA). Sixteen distinct concrete combinations were formulated by substituting natural aggregates (NA) with RA at 0 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % and incorporating metakaolin at 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % as a replacement for cement. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the effects of metakaolin (as a cement replacement) and RA (as a replacement for NA) on key concrete characteristics, including density, water absorption, compressive and tensile strength, and acid resistance. The results revealed that an increase in RA reduced mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and dry density. Additionally, RA-based concrete mixtures exhibited higher water absorption and void volume than those with natural aggregates. However, including metakaolin in RA-based concrete significantly reduced the void volume and water absorption. The optimal proportion of metakaolin substitution was 15 %, resulting in the best overall performance for RA-based concrete mixtures. Notably, the highest compressive and splitting tensile strength (41.6 MPa and 4.3 MPa, respectively) were observed at 90 days in mixtures with 0 % RA and 15 % metakaolin. Similarly, the highest hardened density and lowest water absorption (2494.7 kg/m3 and 4.7 %, respectively) were recorded in samples with 0 % RA and 15 % metakaolin. Furthermore, concrete mixes containing 15 % metakaolin and 50 % RA demonstrated comparable qualities to conventional concrete, indicating that sustainable concrete can be produced by utilizing a significant quantity of waste concrete (15 % metakaolin and 50 % RA) without compromising strength criteria. This study sheds light on the potential of incorporating metakaolin and recycled aggregates as environmentally friendly alternatives in the construction industry, contributing to sustainable and eco-conscious practices.

Experimental investigation on the application of concrete produced with limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates in building constructions

Concrete, which is frequently used in the production process of buildings; It is made by mixing cement, water, aggregate and additives in appropriate amounts. It is important that the physical, chemical, mineralogical and especially mechanical properties of the concrete are at the desired level in terms of strength and durability of the built structures. In this direction, the selection of aggregates, which are an important part of the concrete mix, is one of the important factors affecting the concrete properties. The use of limestone and dolomitic rocks, which are rocks of sedimentary origin, in the selection of aggregates, strengthens the adhesion of aggregates with cement and improves the properties of the concrete mixture. In this study, it was aimed to identify and classify the rocks in the Western Anatolian region of Turkey and to investigate the suitability of their use as aggregates in concrete. In this context, when the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the rock samples taken from the field area were examined, it was understood that the rock samples were limestone and dolomitic limestone samples. In order to compare the performance of concrete mixtures prepared using limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates, a total of 18 concrete samples were prepared, including limestone crushed aggregate, dolomitic limestone, and limestone and dolomitic limestone aggregates used together. At the end of the 7 and 28 days curing period, the concrete compressive strengths of the prepared samples with the intention of being used as concrete in building structures were tested and compared.

Service life optimization and life cycle assessment of concrete using SCMs as partial replacement of cement

Developing a concrete mixture with the lowest possible environmental impacts while improving durability performance is crucial for a sustainable environment. In this study, a Base Case Scenario (BCS) and Alternative Case Scenario (ACS) concrete mixtures were developed with identical water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.4, having cement substitution of 0% and 34%, respectively. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as silica fume, fly ash, and slag cement were implemented as cement replacing mineral admixture. A simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to determine environmental impact reduction factors such as fossil fuel depletion, ecotoxicity, ozone depletion, carcinogenic, and global warming. Then a simulation-based approach was carried out to optimize the durability performance of concrete mixtures using Life365™. As a result, a 24.9% reduction of environmental impacts was observed with a decent service life optimization in ACS compared to the BCS mixture.

The Usage of Crystalline Additive on Concrete Performance

Indonesia as a maritime country has a number of structures in coastal areas that are made from concrete. Sulfate attack is one of the common deteriorations that could occur due to the exposure of saltwater to the concrete. Unfortunately, the Type II and Type V cements, which are the special cements that are resistant to sulfate, are rarely used due to their high prices. The objectives of this research are to compare the performance of concrete mixture that was prepared by using the standard cement mixed with crystalline material and the concrete mixture that was prepared by using two different brands of Type V cement. There were five concrete mixture variations tested for their compressive strength and permeability. To assess the permeability of the concrete, the specimens were placed under pressured water for 72 hours and the water penetration depth was measured. From the research results, it was found that the usage of crystalline additive (CA) made the compressive strength increased at a faster rate and the concrete mixture that contained Type I cement and 0.7% of crystalline material had the highest compressive strength value. In terms of the permeability of the concrete, it can be seen that the specimens that were mixed with CA were more effective in stopping the water to penetrate the specimens than the specimens prepared with either of Type V cement.

Concrete made from waste paper sludge (WPS): a sustainable material

PurposeThe growing quantity of waste is a worrying reality that has resulted in environmental sustainability challenges. Waste paper sludge (WPS) in large quantities from paper mill industry are produced every year. Their disposal in landfills, in general, pollutes the environment. Cement manufacture also contributes to global warming by emitting carbon dioxide. As a result, a novel use of industrial wastes as a supplemental cementitious ingredient in concrete formulation can help to mitigate the environmental problem. This paper aims to study the possibility of usage of WPS as partial replacements of cement for sustainable development of concrete.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims at testing the mechanical properties of concrete that has been mixed with WPS. Between 5% and 20% of the weight of cement, WPS was used to substitute it. The water binder ratios of 0.55, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.42 were all considered for an experiment to better understand the impact of WPS on concrete. In terms of workability, density, water absorption (WA), compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS), concrete mixtures were created, tested and compared to traditional concrete mixes.FindingsAccording to the findings, the initial and final setting times of the concrete mixtures were both significantly delayed, and the workability and density of the concrete mixtures were both significantly lowered at all water binder ratios and replacement levels. Both compressive and FS of concrete made with WSP declined significantly at all water binder ratio. Substitution of cement by WPS enhanced the WA of all the concrete mixes. The mechanical performance of concrete mixtures that were made with a replacement level of 5% exhibited noticeable improvements. Whereas the more is the replacement levels the more the loss in the mechanical properties were noted. The ideal replacement levels for the WPS are up to 5% only.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by exploring the ecological and sustainable effects of using WPS in construction materials.

Recycling Waste Paver Blocks in the Manufacture of New Concrete Paver Blocks and Building Bricks

This study investigates the feasibility of recycling various waste paving blocks as raw materials for concrete. The recycling rate of waste blocks in Korea remains around 11%. Therefore, three types of waste paving blocks, i.e., recycled clay-, granite-, and concrete block, were used as partial replacements for sand in a concrete mixture at 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement ratios. According to the Korean standards for concrete pavers and building bricks, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption tests were conducted. In addition, UPV and unit weight tests were performed. The results showed that the performance of concrete mixtures decreased with the increasing replacement ratio of waste clay and concrete, while the addition of waste granite improved the properties of the mixtures. All the prepared concrete mixtures met the requirements specified in the standards, demonstrating that concrete incorporating waste blocks can be used as paving blocks and building bricks under limited conditions.

Synthesis and characterization of Nano ashes from different waste materials and their effects on the compressive strength of sustainable concrete: A systematic review

Nanotechnology can be regarded as one of the new research fields having novelty and important applications that recently gained attention, especially during the last twenty years. The implementation of nanotechnology produces materials with novel characteristics and recently many works were conducted to include nanoparticles (NPs) in cement-based materials to improve performance and manufacture concrete with better behavior under different mechanical and environmental conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that different waste ashes such as, fly ash, cement kiln dust, palm oil fuel ash, eggshell ash, Metakaolin, and waste ceramic ash can be efficiently converted to sustainable nano ashes. The chemical and physical properties of the produced nano ashes were significantly different from their parent ashes. Therefore, the concrete produced with these nano ashes had superior properties compared to the normal concrete made with traditional waste ashes. This paper presents a systematic overview of the synthesis and characterization of different nano ashes and their impacts on the performance of concrete mixtures. Based on the results from the comprehensive review, it was illustrated that the specific surface to volume ratio was considerably increased by converting the ashes to nano ashes, thus the properties of concrete were also improved. Moreover, due to the higher specific surface area of nano ashes and their reaction with undesirable C-H which is present in the cement paste matrix to produce additional C-S-H, the microstructure of concrete was considerably enhanced.

Mechanical and durability performance of concrete mixtures incorporating bentonite, silica fume, and polypropylene fibers

Cement demand has steadily increased around the world, negatively impacting the environment by consuming a substantial amount of energy, depleting raw materials, and contributing to climate change. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can be a potential way to deal with environmental issues by providing an alternative to the cement industry, resulting in more efficient, sustainable, and long-lasting concrete while keeping the environment safe for subsequent generations. The effect of individual and combined integration of bentonite and silica fume as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixes with polypropylene fibers (PPF) was investigated by determining the mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixes. Binary mixes, containing either bentonite or silica fume as a partial replacement of cement, were prepared along with ternary mix incorporating both the SCMs. Additionally, PPFs were added to the ternary blends in increments of 0.25%, resulting in nine distinct concrete mixtures. Compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength tests were carried out to study the hardened concrete properties. UPV, sorptivity, porosity, water permeability, abrasion resistance, acid attack resistance, and chloride penetration tests were performed to examine the durability properties. The experimental results exhibited that the addition of silica fume and bentonite resulted in enhanced compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths. The durability properties of SCM concrete mixtures also improved compared to the control mix. The microstructure investigation depicted a denser concrete in the case of SCM incorporated mixes. PPF mixes showed satisfactory performance up to a certain percentage of PPF (i.e., 0.5%).

Performance of Self-Compacting mortars modified with Nanoparticles: A systematic review and modeling

During the transition of one material from macro- to nano-range size, considerable changes occur in the electron conductivity, optical absorption, mechanical properties, chemical reacting activity, and surface morphology. These changes can be advantageous in the production of new mixture composites. Due to the need for developing improved infrastructure, new and high-performance materials should also be developed. In this regard, to improve the performance of concrete mixtures, several methods have been investigated, including using nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance various characteristics of the concrete composite like improving fresh and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) as well as improving permeability and absorption capacity of the composite by providing extremely fine particles to fill micro-pores and voids.In this paper, a state-of-the-art review was carried out on the influence of various NPs inclusion on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of self-compacting mortars (SCM). So that current and most recent studies previously published were investigated to highlight the influences of different NPs on the slump flow diameter, V-funnel flow time, compression and flexural strengths, water absorption, chloride penetration, and electrical resistivity. Moreover, the main section of this study was devoted to proposing different models, including nonlinear model (NLR), multi-logistic model (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the compressive strength (CS) of SCMs modified with NPs. Based on the analyzed data, it was illustrated that the addition of NPs into SCMs significantly enhances the fresh, mechanical, and durability performance of SCMs. Moreover, the microstructure of SCMs was considerably improved due to the higher specific surface area of NPs and their reaction with undesirable C–H which present in the cement paste matrix to produce additional C-S-H gel.

The Effect of Basalt Aggregates and Mineral Admixtures on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Exposed to Sulphate Attacks.

In this study, basalt, which is common around Diyarbakır province (Turkey), is used as concrete aggregate, waste materials as mineral additives and Portland cement as binding material to prepare concrete mixes. This paper aims to determine the proper admixture levels and usability of Diyarbakır basalt in concrete mixtures based on mechanical, physical and chemical tests. Thus, in order to determine the strength and durability performance of concrete mixtures with Diyarbakır basalt as aggregate, 72 sample cubes of 150 mm were prepared in three groups: mineral-free admixture (MFA), 10% of cement amount substituted for silica fume (SFS) and 20% for fly ash (FAS) as waste material. The samples were exposed to water curing and 100g/L sulphate solution to determine the loss in weight of the concrete cubes and compressive strength was examined at the end of 7, 28 and 360 days of the specimens. Analysis of the microstructure and cracks that influence durability, were also performed to determine effects of sulphate attacks alkali-silica reactions on the specimens using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A loss in weight of the concrete cubes and compressive strength was distinctly evident at the end of 56 and 90 days in both acids.

Research on Shrinkage Inhibition Technology of C50 Steel Shell Immersed Tube Self-Compacting Concrete

The effects of shrinkage reducing agent and expansion agent on workability, strength and shrinkage of C50 self-compacting concrete with steel-shell immersed tube were studied. It is found that the expansive agent can increase the 28d compressive strength of concrete and restrain the shrinkage of concrete, but it can reduce the mixture property of concrete, and the shrinkage reducing agent can reduce the 28d compressive strength of concrete, but it can obviously restrain the shrinkage of concrete and improve the performance of concrete mixture. On the basis that the performance of concrete mixture meets the technical index, when the dosage of shrinkage reducing agent is 1.5%, the performance of concrete mixture is the best, and the drying shrinkage rate of 28d is the smallest. At this time, the properties of C50 steel-shell sunk pipe self-compacting concrete are as follows: slump flow 720mm, T50 2s, pour-down time 2s, v-shaped funnel passing time 6s, 28d compressive strength 59.6 MPa, 28d drying shrinkage 135×10−6.

Incorporation of Silica Fume and Waste Corn Cob Ash in Cement and Concrete for Sustainable Environment

This study has been done to make concrete mixtures more environmentally friendly by testing the performance of concrete mixtures that used recycled materials as a part of the Portland cement. As secondary cementitious materials (SCMs) like corn cob ash and silica fume were used to make concrete by replacing 15% of OPC. These materials are waste products from the agricultural and manufacturing industries. In this investigation, various test result has been performed on concrete containing corn cob and silica fume. The effects of the SCMs on the slump and mechanical characteristics of concrete were investigated. The result of this study shows that adding SCMs to concrete mixtures reduces the slump of the concrete mix. Tests results showed that 10% SCMs was found to be the best concentration for improving compressive and split tensile strengths. Using waste material like corn cob ash in concrete leads to eco-friendlier and more sustainable environment.

Studies of the mechanical and neutron shielding features of concrete by incorporation of green additive materials: Experimental and numerical study

Concrete is one of the materials with a significant level of application in radiation shielding, especially in nuclear installations. However, the shielding features of concrete may vary depending on the composition of the concrete. In the present study, attempts have been made to assess the effects of the possible addition of two natural additives (hence 'green') - pistachios shell (PS) and date palm leaf (PL), in small dosages, as a partial replacement of conventional sand aggregates - on the neutron shielding properties of concrete mixes. Extensive numerical studies are made with Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP-code) to investigate the influences of additives on neutron shielding performance of the candidate mixes for an assumed spherical geometry. Results are presented in terms of variation of the current transmission rate (CTR) and energy spectrum on assumed irradiation with a neutron beam. After initially comparing the NRS performance of the two materials under study, vis-à-vis four others - Cu, Li, Concrete, and Boron, the neutron shielding performance of concrete mixtures with increasing weight percentages of PS and PL incorporated in them have been assessed through the MCNP code. The results have indicated a general pattern for the neutron shielding with these mixtures, best performances achieved with a higher percentage of these green additives (10–15%). Mechanical strengths of the concrete samples with different weight percentages from 1% to 15% of PS and PL also have been experimentally investigated. The 7- and 28-days compressive strength optimized the concrete sample, however Cl with 1% of addition of PS- additive, has an acceptable, marginally lower compressive strength (6.33% and 6.87% at 7- and 28-days) as compared to the control concrete. Also, the density of the concrete was found to decrease with the increasing incorporation of PL and PS additives. Results thus have indicated that the incorporation of PS and PL additives in concrete can lead to quite enhanced shielding performance against the fast and thermal neutrons. As a result, the PL and PS additive materials may prove as a perfect replacement for expensive boron or enriched boron for neutron shielding application.

Artificial Intelligence to Model the Performance of Concrete Mixtures and Elements: A Review

Artificial Intelligence to Model the Performance of Concrete Mixtures and Elements: A Review

Investigation of the influence of tungsten carbide nanopowder WC and the mixture of tungsten carbides and titanium carbides (WC, TiC) on the change of concrete performance properties

The paper deals with the possibility of changing the operational properties of concrete (strength, water absorption, corrosion resistance) by adding WC tungsten carbide nanopowders and a mixture of WC tungsten carbide and TiC titanium carbides obtained from hard-alloy waste to the initial composition. As a result of the research, the concentrations of nanopowders were determined, at which the maximum change in strength is observed. Changes in water absorption at different time intervals and corrosion resistance of concrete samples at optimal concentrations were studied. The paper shows a positive effect on the performance of concrete mixture of WC, WC and TiC nanomodifiers.

Experimental Study On Preparation Of C30 Concrete By Replacing Fine Aggregate With Molybdenum Tailing Slag

Which is composed of crystalline silica, a small amount of mica and molybdenum ore salts, and is non-radioactive. As a fine aggregate of concrete, the water demand of fresh concrete will be increased. By increasing the dosage of water-reducing agent, the construction performance of concrete mixture can reach the actual pumping concrete slump-flow (500±30) mm under the condition of unchanged water demand, and the same construction performance as that of mechanical sand concrete can be obtained. With the gradual increase of the replacement ratio, the compressive strength gradually decreases. When the replacement ratio does not exceed 40%, the 90d compressive strength decreases less than 3.1% compared with the mechanical sand concrete, which has less impact on the strength and can fully meet the requirements of the mechanical properties of C30 concrete.