Performance Monitoring Processes Research Articles

Performance monitoring of improvisation and score-playing in a turn-taking piano duet: An EEG study using altered auditory feedback.

In music ensemble performance, perception-action coupling enables the processing of auditory feedback from oneself and other players. However, improvised actions may affect this coupling differently from predetermined actions. This study used two-person EEG to examine how pianists responded to altered pitch feedback to their own or their partner's actions while they alternated scores or improvised melodies. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) response for self-action was greater in scored than improvised conditions, indicating the enhanced action encoding by playing the score. However, subsequent P3a and P3b responses for self-action were not different across score and improvisation. Further, the P3b response was greater when the two pianists exchanged similar types of melodies (i.e., both improvised or both scores) compared with different types of melodies, suggesting that later cognitive processes may be associated with the task relevance or level of jointness. The presence of the FRN and P3 complex in self-generated improvised action points to the dynamic nature of performance monitoring even without preconceived action plans. In contrast, the FRN and P3 complex in partner-generated improvised actions were subdued compared to the baseline, likely due to the unpredictable nature of the improvised actions of others. Finally, we found a tendency that higher trait empathy was associated with smaller self-action FRN, possibly implying musicians' prioritization of joint goals. Overall, our results suggest that improvisation in a musical turn-taking task may be distinct from score-playing for the earlier processes of performance monitoring, whereas later processes might involve updating a joint representation of the musical context.

Exploring the research trend and development of sports science technology in the last 4 decades: systematic review

This study systematically reviews the trends and developments in sports science technology over the past four decades. Utilizing a comprehensive systematic review analysis of 1,127 articles from the SCOPUS database, we aimed to identify key subject areas, contributing countries, and prevailing keyword patterns in the field. The analysis highlights a significant increase in publications and citations, indicating the growing importance and recognition of sports science technology. Japan leads in contributions with the highest number of publications and citations, followed by the United States and China. Medicine and engineering emerged as the most influential subject areas, underscoring the interdisciplinary nature of the research. Keyword analysis revealed a strong emphasis on human studies, sports, and the integration of science and technology, reflecting the field's evolving landscape. Findings show that technological advancements such as sensor technology, big data analytics, and virtual reality have revolutionized sports science by enhancing performance monitoring, injury prevention, and rehabilitation processes. The study identifies critical trends and provides insights into future research directions, advocating for continued interdisciplinary collaboration and global cooperation to further advance the field. These insights offer a comprehensive overview of the historical and current state of sports science technology, serving as a roadmap for future innovations and applications. By understanding the development and current trends in sports science technology, researchers and practitioners can better plan and implement effective strategies for improving athletic performance and health, ultimately contributing to the broader field of sports science and technology. Keywords: technological advancements, sensor technology, big data analytics, virtual reality in sports

Key Performance Indicators: A Framework for Allied Healthcare Educational Institutions.

Performance evaluation in the allied healthcare education sector is complex, making it essential for policymakers and managers to approach it comprehensively and thoughtfully to understand their performance. Hence, the development and monitoring of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in this domain must be considered one of the key priorities for the policymakers in AHIs. This study aims to develop a framework for the AHIs to extract and profile the indicators, measure, and report the results appropriately. The authors adopted a general review of the literature approach to study the primary goals of the institutional KPI framework, emphasizing the need for benchmarking while implementing KPIs and how to track performance using a KPI dashboard. The study provides the scope, relevant KPI categories, and a list of KPIs for evaluating the effectiveness of allied healthcare programs. The study findings also emphasized the need for benchmarking the KPIs and establishing a KPI dashboard while measuring and monitoring performance. KPIs are considered an invaluable tool that contributes immensely to the performance monitoring process of AHIs, irrespective of the specialties. This helps to identify and guide AHIs for developing KPIs and the associated minimum data set to measure organizational performance and monitor the quality of teaching and learning. In addition, the KPI framework reported in this study is a tool to assist performance monitoring that can subsequently contribute to the overall quality of AHIs.

ANALYSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A MANUFACTURING FIRM USING HIERARCHICAL APPROACH

There is a growing demand for manufacturers from within and outside the company to embrace stakeholder-satisfying production techniques. As a result, companies undertake a wide range of assessments as part of their strategic planning and performance monitoring processes. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis is used in strategic planning that helps businesses evaluate their current standing. In addition, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a pairwise comparison may be made between elements or criteria to prioritise them, making the SWOT analysis and multicriteria decision making method more effective. The purpose of the combined approach is to raise the effectiveness of strategic planning inside a business. This paper does a SWOT analysis of a small Kerala manufacturing company, outlining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. First, the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) are determined via an internal poll. Then, the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) compares alternatives by contrasting them head-to-head. The results of the company-wide poll of experts landed on seventeen distinct elements. With this information, the manufacturing firm can decide how best to boost its operations.

Temporal unpredictability increases error monitoring as revealed by EEG-EMG investigation.

Reacting in an unpredictable context increases error monitoring as evidenced by greater error-related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological marker linked to an evaluation of response outcomes. We investigated whether ERN also increased when participants evaluated their responses to events that appeared in unpredictable versus predictable moments in time. We complemented electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis of cortical activity by measuring performance monitoring processes at the peripheral level using electromyography (EMG). Specifically, we used EMG data to quantify how temporal unpredictability would affect motor time (MT), the interval between the onset of muscle activity, and the mechanical response. MT increases following errors, indexing online error detection, and an attempt to stop incorrect actions. In our temporally cued version of the stop-signal task, symbolic cues predicted (temporally predictable condition) or not (temporally unpredictable condition) the onset of a target. In 25% of trials, an auditory signal occurred shortly after the target presentation, informing participants that they should inhibit their response completely. Response times were slower, and fewer inhibitory errors were made during temporally unpredictable than predictable trials, indicating enhanced control of unwanted actions when target onset time was unknown. Importantly, the ERN to inhibitory errors was greater in temporally unpredictable relative to temporally predictable conditions. Similarly, EMG data revealed prolonged MT when reactions to temporally unpredictable targets had not been stopped. Taken together, our results show that a temporally unpredictable environment increases the control of unwanted actions, both at cortical and peripheral levels, suggesting a higher subjective cost of maladaptive responses to temporally uncertain events.

A SPECIAL STUDY ON EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION ON MEENAKSHI CARGO FORWARD PRIVATE LIMTIED

The article is related to the study of export procedures and their documentation for various types of transportation. Research objective are to analyse the role of different entities in the whole process; a brief on export procedures and documentation in air cargo; a statistical analysis and representation of export data; evaluate the problem and suggested solutions for the system. A research design is the detailed blueprint used to guide a research study towards its objectives. It helps to collect, measure and analysis of data. It is a detailed plan of action for the researcher which defines problem, identify data. It helps to make the research as efficient as possible. Descriptive research seeks to ascertain certain magnitude by making complete study of the topic. It is used in this project to find the effectiveness of air cargo. The researchers was able to understand the importance of information and the flow of information in the right manner within an organization from one department to other Performance management should be integrated vertically linking the strategies objectives of the organization to the execution of activities which will enable their achievement. The performance being managed should reflect the requirements, wants and needs of all of the key stakeholders of the organization and not just reflect a limited set. The performance monitoring, review and action panning process should e structured around the strategic performance objectives of the organization. Processes and systems should be designed to extract and communicate insights rather than performance data. All systems and processes should be aligned with each other, driving behavior towards the performance objectives. Effort should be dedicated to developing an appropriate culture to engage the organization’s employees and elicit commitment to performance objectives Generally, the study helped to fill the gap between theory and practice. Finally, the complete the study on Air Freight in Meenakshi Cargo Forwarders Pvt Ltd was fully understood and the pitfalls have been identified.

A SPECIAL STUDY ON EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION ON MEENAKSHI CARGO FORWARD PRIVATE LIMTIED

The article is related to the study of export procedures and their documentation for various types of transportation. Research objective are to analyse the role of different entities in the whole process; a brief on export procedures and documentation in air cargo; a statistical analysis and representation of export data; evaluate the problem and suggested solutions for the system. A research design is the detailed blueprint used to guide a research study towards its objectives. It helps to collect, measure and analysis of data. It is a detailed plan of action for the researcher which defines problem, identify data. It helps to make the research as efficient as possible. Descriptive research seeks to ascertain certain magnitude by making complete study of the topic. It is used in this project to find the effectiveness of air cargo. The researchers was able to understand the importance of information and the flow of information in the right manner within an organization from one department to other Performance management should be integrated vertically linking the strategies objectives of the organization to the execution of activities which will enable their achievement. The performance being managed should reflect the requirements, wants and needs of all of the key stakeholders of the organization and not just reflect a limited set. The performance monitoring, review and action panning process should e structured around the strategic performance objectives of the organization. Processes and systems should be designed to extract and communicate insights rather than performance data. All systems and processes should be aligned with each other, driving behavior towards the performance objectives. Effort should be dedicated to developing an appropriate culture to engage the organization’s employees and elicit commitment to performance objectives Generally, the study helped to fill the gap between theory and practice. Finally, the complete the study on Air Freight in Meenakshi Cargo Forwarders Pvt Ltd was fully understood and the pitfalls have been identified.

Leadership and Governance Effect in Implementing the IMPACT Approach: A Retrospective Observational Study in Simiyu Region

The Government of Tanzania in collaboration with USAID Global Health Supply Chain-Technical Assistance-Tanzania (USAID GHSC-TA -TZ), JSI-InSupply Health and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) rolled out the IMPACT approach in Simiyu Region in 2019. For the purpose of improve data management and visibility of vertical health commodities supply chain system. The objective of this study was to highlight leadership engagement in implementation of IMPACT Approach to improve reporting rates for vertical health commodities. Since introduction of this approach indicators monitored were not improving; the region facilitated the response performance monitoring processes, through IMPACT approach integrating with performance Scorecard as a visual performance tool for some of the indicators, including the process indicators, and used feedback meetings attended by senior leaders in the region to discuss indicator results and identify areas for improvement for councils. The results of this study revealed that, engagement of leaders in decision making influenced positively the IMPACT meetings conducted by teams whereby supply chain challenges including reporting rates discussed. At a Councils level the meetings conducted as per calendar increased from 6.1% April-June 2021 to 84.9% October- December 2022. Moreover, reporting rate of four (4) vertical health commodities which include (Malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB/L and RMNCAH) demonstrated positive increase from 60.5% January 2021 to 84.7 December 2022, and availability of all four vertical health commodities increased from 85% January 2022 to 93% December 2022. The availability of these commodities resulted into improved service delivery at health facility level. The study was a retrospective observation of the implementation of the IMPACT team approach in Simiyu region. It assessed the availability of vertical health commodities as a function of the number of items reported, data used for computation of reporting rate, availability of health commodities and improved service delivery were retrieved from eLMIS and DHIS2. Action and performance improvement plans were developed and tracked using scorecards to ensure that each planned activity is implemented accordingly and the desired supply chain outcomes are achieved. This was followed by convening leadership engagement forums where underperforming councils had to explain and articulate the reasons for their unsatisfactory performance and eventually commit to improving the required indicators. The study concluded that, good governance and leadership engagement played a major role in implementation of IMPACT Approach and achieve the raised outcomes of availability of vertical health commodities, reporting rates for vertical health commodities and improved service delivery.

User Experience Evaluation on Production Performance Monitoring System Using Honeycomb Method

In the era of digitalization in industries, companies are implementing the Digital Factory Operating System in various aspects, including monitoring production performance on the sachet line. Previously, operators manually carried out the production performance monitoring process using paper forms, and admins re-entered the data into the system. Although the monitoring process has begun to be carried out digitally using available tablets, its usage still needs improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the user experience of the Production Performance Monitoring Information System to determine user satisfaction. The Honeycomb method is used in this study, which assesses seven aspects, namely accessible, credible, desirable, findable, usable, useful, and valuable. The results show the average final score of each aspect assessed, and the highest score of 66.45% is for the accessible and useful aspects. The study shows that the user experience evaluation of the Production Performance Monitoring Information System using the honeycomb method is generally good, but improvements are still needed in some aspects, such as accessibility and desirability.

Perancangan Sistem Pendukung Monitoring Kinerja Program Studi Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard Studi Kasus: Prodi Di Fakultas Teknik UKDC

The activity of implementing the performance evaluation of study programs in tertiary institutions aims to improve internal quality in a sustainable manner. The performance evaluation process requires a gradual process, namely the performance monitoring process. Evaluation and monitoring of study program performance are generally implemented in the implementation of education, research, and community service to improve study program performance. Therefore, the priority of the main performance indicators of study programs in the Faculty of Engineering is determined by referring to the Chancellor's Regulation No. 03/PR/2022, classifies the main performance indicators of the Faculty of Engineering study program based on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard, and designs a work program monitoring spreadsheet to support KPI achievement. The research also aims to identify KPIs in four stages: customer perspective, financial perspective, business process perspective, and learning and growth perspective. The University has prioritized the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th performance indicators. Regulation of the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering No. 143/UKDC.1/A.01/XI/2022 as a reference in setting KPIs, this document has succeeded in formulating 22 main performance indicators and 5 additional performance indicators. Prioritized performance indicators are then made into a spreadsheet-based performance form which is useful in implementing performance monitoring
 
 Keywords: Performance measurement, balanced scorecard, key performance indicators

Anxiety disrupts performance monitoring: integrating behavioral, event-related potential, EEG microstate, and sLORETA evidence.

Anxiety impacts performance monitoring, though theory and past research are split on how and for whom. However, past research has often examined either trait anxiety in isolation or task-dependent state anxiety and has indexed event-related potential components, such as the error-related negativity or post-error positivity (Pe), calculated at a single node during a limited window of time. We introduced 2 key novelties to this electroencephalography research to examine the link between anxiety and performance monitoring: (i) we manipulated antecedent, task-independent, state anxiety to better establish the causal effect; (ii) we conducted moderation analyses to determine how state and trait anxiety interact to impact performance monitoring processes. Additionally, we extended upon previous work by using a microstate analysis approach to isolate and sequence the neural networks and rapid mental processes in response to error commission. Results showed that state anxiety disrupts response accuracy in the Stroop task and error-related neural processes, primarily during a Pe-related microstate. Source localization shows that this disruption involves reduced activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and compensatory activation in the right lateral prefrontal cortex, particularly among people high in trait anxiety. We conclude that antecedent anxiety is largely disruptive to performance monitoring.

Effects of Electronic Performance Monitoring on Employee Work Engagement: A Multilevel Investigation

This study investigates the effects of electronic performance monitoring (EPM) on individual work engagement. It draws on a data set consisting of 277 employees from 11 higher education institutions in Pakistan. Multilevel analyses demonstrate that EPM is positively related to employee work engagement, not only directly, but also indirectly through a sequential mediating mechanism of perceived organizational justice and organizational identification. We argue that when employees' performance is monitored electronically, they will be more likely to perceive the performance monitoring process as fair and just. As a result, they will be more likely to identify themselves with their organizations, ultimately enhancing their work engagement. Our study extends the knowledge on EPM, perceived organizational justice, organizational identification, and work engagement.

Altered performance monitoring in Tourette Syndrome: an MEG investigation

The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential component indexing processes of performance monitoring during simple stimulus-response tasks: the ERN is typically enhanced for error processing and conflicting response representations. Investigations in healthy participants and different patient groups have linked the ERN to the dopamine system and to prefrontal information processing. As in patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) both dopamine release and prefrontal information processing are impaired, we hypothesized that performance monitoring would be altered, which was investigated with magnetencephalography (MEG). We examined performance monitoring in TS patients by assessing the magnetic equivalent of the ERN (mERN). The mERN was investigated in tic-free trials of eight adult, unmedicated TS patients without clinically significant comorbidity and ten matched healthy controls while performing a Go/NoGo task in selected frontocentral channels. The analysis of the response-related amplitudes of the event-related magnetic field showed that TS patients, in contrast to controls, did not show earlier amplitude modulation (between 70 and 105 ms after response onset) depending on response type (errors or correct responses). In both groups significant mERN amplitudes in the time-window between 105 and 160 ms after response onset were detected thus pointing at only later error processing in TS patients. In TS patients, early error-related processing might be affected by an enhanced motor control triggered by a conflict between the targeted high task performance and tic suppression. TS patients seem to tend to initially process all responses as erroneous responses.

MONITORING SYSTEM AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT USING WEBSITE-BASED BALANCED SCORECARD METHOD

Abstract : Directorate General of State Assets West Kalimantan Regional Office each year has a work program provided by the central DJKN that must be completed, The work program is carried out with the target set by the central DJKN. DJKN has a standard method in measuring each work plan program, namely using the Balanced Scorecard method, But in its application there are still many processes in measuring and monitoring plans that are done manually so that business processes are carried out for a long time and are ineffective and without an information system, the monitoring process cannot be done in real time anywhere and anytime so that some work plans are late accordingly. with targets that will directly affect performance. This study aims to cut the manual business process by using a website-based performance monitoring and measurement system so that it is hoped that the performance monitoring process can be carried out optimally in real time and easily. The results of this research are in the form of a website-based performance monitoring and measurement system that has been tested for system functionalities and system interfaces by obtaining results according to each functional system and system interface available and testing for users at the Directorate General of State Assets West Kalimantan Regional Office obtaining a percentage of 88.55 % .. Keywords : Balanced Scorecard ; DJKN ; Monitoring ; Performance Measurement Abstract : Directorate General State Assets (DGST ) West Kalimantan Regional Office every year year have a given work program by the central DJKN which must completed , work program implemented with the target that has been set by the central DJKN . DJKN has standard method in measure every program plan work that is use the Balanced Scorecard method, but in implementation still many processes in measure and monitoring plan work done manually so that the business processes that are run eat long time and no effective as well as without existence system information make the monitoring process not can done by realtime everywhere and any time so that make a number of plan work late no in accordance with a target that direct will influence performance . Study this aim cut those manual business processes with use monitoring system and measurement performance web -based so that expected performance monitoring process could done by maximum with easy and realtime , Results study this in the form of monitoring system and measurement performance based on a website that has been tested functional system and interface system with get results in accordance will every functional system and interface existing system _ and testing to users at the West Kalimantan Regional Office DJKN get results percentage 88.55%. Keywords: Balanced Scorecard ; DJKN ; Monitoring ; Performance Measurement

Taking a closer look at the key performance indicators in an assisted reproductive technology laboratory: a guide for reproductive professionals.

Over the years, laboratories performing assisted reproductive technologies have been tasked with a growing number of procedures of increased complexity. New technologies, including hardware and software innovations, are constantly evolving, and evaluated as potential tools to improve laboratory and clinical outcomes. The assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratory plays a crucial role in fertility treatments and, therefore, it is often under intense scrutiny with regards to performance and success rates. As the reproductive medicine field strives to deliver improved clinical outcomes to patients, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics - including the ART laboratories - are required to monitor their performance and seek improvement in the many different aspects related to patient care. Key performance indicators (KPIs) and benchmarking are important tools to support performance monitoring and quality improvement processes. The concept and potential benefits of KPI utilization is generally accepted. However, its adoption poses some challenges that may discourage ART practices from pursuing it as part of their quality management systems (QMS). Properly selecting and using KPIs will allow laboratories to successfully manage their performance and set up realistic target goals to consistently deliver high rates. Existing literature can guide reproductive medicine professionals to embark on their journey to successfully select, implement, and manage KPI and benchmarking as part of their ART programs. This article discusses the concept and essentials of KPI and benchmarking applied to the ART laboratory, as well as potential challenges and how to overcome them.

No change in electrocortical measures of performance monitoring in high trait anxious individuals following multi-session attention bias modification training

Heightened attentional bias to threat and enhanced performance monitoring have been linked to higher levels of anxiety. Attentional bias modification (ABM) was developed to reduce attentional bias to threat and thus reduce anxiety. Previous studies have shown that ABM can change the activity in brain regions that are involved in cognitive control and threat detection, such as anterior cingulate cortex, which also plays a critical role in error monitoring and is the main source of the error-related negativity (ERN). While single session ABM has been shown to be effective in reducing attentional bias to threat and performance monitoring (i.e., ERN), the effect of multi-session ABM training on electrocortical measures of performance monitoring in high trait anxious individuals remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether multi-session ABM training would reduce the amplitude of the ERN. Individuals with high trait anxiety and attentional bias to threat were assigned in a counterbalanced order to an ABM training group (n = 26) or a control group (n = 25). Training lasted for 6 weeks with 36 training sessions delivered via cellphone. Before and after training, attentional bias was assessed with a visual dot-probe task and performance monitoring was measured with an arrow flanker task where the elicited ERN was collected. ABM training did not reduce ERN amplitudes. Bayesian analysis confirmed the null hypothesis of no changes in ERN amplitude following multi-session ABM. Therefore, our findings do not support the hypothesis that multi-session ABM training reduces performance monitoring processes in high trait anxious individuals. Our findings indicate that different methodological features of ABM training, such as the duration, location, and subject characteristics, may impact the efficacy of ABM on modulating performance monitoring. Identifying the ABM training parameters that impact performance monitoring processes should be further considered in future research.

Neurocognitive development of novelty and error monitoring in children and adolescents

The abilities to monitor one’s actions and novel information in the environment are crucial for behavioural and cognitive control. This study investigated the development of error and novelty monitoring and their electrophysiological correlates by using a combined flanker with novelty-oddball task in children (7–12 years) and adolescents (14–18 years). Potential moderating influences of prenatal perturbation of steroid hormones on these performance monitoring processes were explored by comparing individuals who were prenatally exposed and who were not prenatally exposed to synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC). Generally, adolescents performed more accurately and faster than children. However, behavioural adaptations to error or novelty, as reflected in post-error or post-novelty slowing, showed different developmental patterns. Whereas post-novelty slowing could be observed in children and adolescents, error-related slowing was absent in children and was marginally significant in adolescents. Furthermore, the amplitude of error-related negativity was larger in adolescents, whereas the amplitude of novelty-related N2 was larger in children. These age differences suggest that processes involving top-down processing of task-relevant information (for instance, error monitoring) mature later than processes implicating bottom-up processing of salient novel stimuli (for instance, novelty monitoring). Prenatal exposure to sGC did not directly affect performance monitoring but initial findings suggest that it might alter brain-behaviour relation, especially for novelty monitoring.

An analysis of the relationship between work engagement, work locus of control, passion, and parasitism in coastal hotels

The study explores the relationships among work engagement, work locus of control, passion, and perceived parasitism through the job demands-resources model (JD-R). Data were collected from five-star hotel employees in Cesme, Turkey using a structured questionnaire while the research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modelling. The results revealed that hospitality business employees’ perceived community-directed parasitic relations decreased their work engagement while leading them to have an external work locus of control. In contrast, employees with internal work locus of control felt harmonious passion for their work, which increased work engagement. In addition, internal work locus of control led to harmonious and obsessive passion whereas external work locus of control led to obsessive passion. Regarding engagement, parasitic relations can be prevented, and harmonious passion can be created through the fair behaviours of managers, good assignment by the authorities, and the responsibility of employees. This requires feedback and performance monitoring processes based on objective criteria. Increasing the number of engaged employees which in turn improves business performance may also help reduce workforce turnover, which is a significant issue for hospitality businesses.

Tracking dynamic adjustments to decision making and performance monitoring processes in conflict tasks

How we exert control over our decision-making has been investigated using conflict tasks, which involve stimuli containing elements that are either congruent or incongruent. In these tasks, participants adapt their decision-making strategies following exposure to incongruent stimuli. According to conflict monitoring accounts, conflicting stimulus features are detected in medial frontal cortex, and the extent of experienced conflict scales with response time (RT) and frontal theta-band activity in the Electroencephalogram (EEG). However, the consequent adjustments to decision processes following response conflict are not well-specified. To characterise these adjustments and their neural implementation we recorded EEG during a modified Flanker task. We traced the time-courses of performance monitoring processes (frontal theta) and multiple processes related to perceptual decision-making. In each trial participants judged which of two overlaid gratings forming a plaid stimulus (termed the S1 target) was of higher contrast. The stimulus was divided into two sections, which each contained higher contrast gratings in either congruent or incongruent directions. Shortly after responding to the S1 target, an additional S2 target was presented, which was always congruent. Our EEG results suggest enhanced sensory evidence representations in visual cortex and reduced evidence accumulation rates for S2 targets following incongruent S1 stimuli. Results of a follow-up behavioural experiment indicated that the accumulation of sensory evidence from the incongruent (i.e. distracting) stimulus element was adjusted following response conflict. Frontal theta amplitudes positively correlated with RT following S1 targets (in line with conflict monitoring accounts). Following S2 targets there was no such correlation, and theta amplitude profiles instead resembled decision evidence accumulation trajectories. Our findings provide novel insights into how cognitive control is implemented following exposure to conflicting information, which is critical for extending conflict monitoring accounts.

Türkiye’de Yükseköğretim Kurumlarının Bilimsel Üretkenliğinin İzlenmesi: Mevcut Durum Analizi ve Öneriler

In the rapidly developing and changing world, higher education institutions have taken their place among the institutions struggling in global competition conditions. With the educational processes, the opportunities they provide to their students, employees, researchers and society, and the values they create with these stakeholders, these institutions are in an effort to progress in the ranking steps. There are many university ranking systems adopted on international platforms, and the common point of these ranking systems is the priorities they give to the criteria for scientific productivity. At this point, authorities who want to move their institutions to upper levels need to closely and effectively monitor the relevant performance indicators.This study, which presents research in this context, reveals how institutions monitor their scientific productivity levels and how much they adopt implementation components and policies in well-developed institutions. Data obtained from one-to-one interviews with a representative sample group accompanied by a form and from online announcement channels of institutions are summarized and presented. In the light of the data, all situations that cause problems to occur are made more visible and solutions are suggested. General findings show that although performance monitoring processes differ from each other, they exist in every institution, but some important performance dimensions cannot be monitored by all institutions in an efficient way. For example, although particular academic performance indicators are taken into account, it is observed that there are deficiencies in clearly expressing the goals and policies towards the improvement of the indicator values in the strategic plans and following them on a field basis.