Performance In Egypt Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Unrelated Diversification on Corporate performance in Egypt

Exploring the Impact of Unrelated Diversification on Corporate performance in Egypt

Heterogeneous impacts of geopolitical risk factors on stock markets in the Middle East: A quantile regression analysis across four emerging economies

This study investigates the heterogeneous impacts of eight categories of geopolitical risk on stock market performance across different market conditions in four Middle Eastern economies: Egypt, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. Utilizing Quantile regression analysis and datasets spanning from September 2002 to August 2023, our findings reveal the complex and varied relationships between geopolitical risk factors and stock market performance. These results underscore the significance of comprehending specific political risk factors and their influence under various market conditions. We observe a consistent negative relationship between military buildups and stock market performance in Egypt and Israel, while other categories exhibit mixed effects. The Saudi Arabian and Turkish markets demonstrate varied sensitivity to different risks, with terrorism and war-related events significantly affecting market dynamics. Notably, all four markets consistently displayed negative reactions to terrorist activities, indicating the universally disruptive nature of such events. Understanding these dynamics assists investors and policymakers in adapting to global political changes.

Green Practices in Action: Examining HRM’s Role in Fostering Environmental Performance in Egypt’s Hospitality Sector

This study examines the dynamic relationship between green human resource management (green HRM), environmental performance (EP), green employee behavior (GEB), and environmental knowledge and awareness (EKAW) within the Egyptian hospitality sector context. Using Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analyses on a sample of 400 staff members from hotels and tourist villages in Egypt, the study examines green HRM practices’ influence on EP, mediated by GEB and EKAW. The findings reveal significant positive correlations between green HRM practices and these mediators, indicating that comprehensive environmental strategies and incentive management are pivotal in promoting eco-friendly practices among employees. The study further confirms GEB and EKAW’s substantial mediating roles in enhancing EP. The results also suggest that while EKAW and GEB independently contribute to EP, their interaction, and the role of environmental awareness as a potential mediator warrant further examination. This research contributes to the literature on sustainable business practices by underscoring human resource strategies’ integral role in achieving environmental sustainability goals, highlighting the importance of incentivizing green practices, and cultivating an organizational culture prioritizing EKAW. These insights are precious for organizations seeking to enhance their ecological footprint through effective green HRM practices.

Optimization of solar tree performance in Egypt: a simulation-based investigation

The paper discusses the orientation and positions of solar panels in a solar tree. Solar energy contributes to the most available and abundant energy source in Egypt. Hence, The PV system is considered a promising solution to generate power from this source. However, its energy density is low. Therefore, the solar tree is considered in this paper as it has higher density and fits the urban cities of Egypt. The design of the solar tree is divided into two sections: the study of the solar panel’s orientation and positions. For the solar tree orientation, a single-objective genetic algorithm is used to maximize the total incident irradiance on a tilted solar panel. The output of this optimization problem is 20 optimal angles for the tilt angle (beta) and surface azimuth angle of the solar panel (gamma). These angles are inputted to the second methodology to determine their positions. In this methodology, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to trade between the area occupied by the solar tree representing the cost and the power loss due to the shading of the solar panels on each other; the output is the coordinates of the center of each solar panel. The proposed solar tree design increased the incident irradiance from 4427.389 to 4496.584 watts/m2/year using the optimal angles and the output power increased as the shadow loss decreased from 904.685 watts to 300 watts. The final design of the solar tree is 5 m in height and 1.13 m wide.

Impact of working while studying on university students’ academic performance in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic and transition to online learning

In the context of online education, which has been growing as a common approach, this paper examines the impact of working while studying on university students’ academic performance, namely Cumulative GPA (CGPA), as a rising trend in Egypt, especially after the pandemic and the shift into online learning. The research followed an exploratory survey method, namely a quantitative approach, with a sample of 361 students randomly selected using the convenience sampling method from a total of 3326 students, both working and non-working, from years 2 to 4 across the four schools at Nile University – Cairo, Egypt. The study examines a cause-and-effect relationship between working students and their CGPA. Literature points out that with online education becoming a conventional mode, there has been an increase in “working while studying” in Egypt, which requires further investigation. Thus, this paper bridges this empirical gap as the first study of its kind by studying the case of Nile University working students and the effect of working while studying on their academic performance and their ability to strike a work-life balance. The study revealed a slightly negative relationship between working while studying and students’ CGPA compared to non-working, as well as a negative effect on their work-life balance. The findings imply that a new mindset in the pedagogical system is needed, combining new assessment methods and modes of delivery to accommodate the rising trend. The study has its own limitations, focusing on Egypt and specifically Nile University students.

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Family Business Performance in Egypt

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Family Business Performance in Egypt

Barriers to Applying Last-Mile Logistics in the Egyptian Market: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model

Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research aims to investigate the impact of social, environmental, and technological barriers on adopting the last-mile logistics application. This research used a self-administrative questionnaire to collect 1060 respondents from the Egyptian market and analysed it using partial least square structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that some elements could obstruct the implementation of last-mile delivery technologies, namely complexity, collaboration efforts between users and application developers and the impact of technical knowledge and expertise on the potentially involved users. The sharing economy helps organisations reduce contaminants, emissions and carbon footprints, and last-mile logistics is one of the tools of the sharing economy that can enhance the productivity and competitiveness of logistics and boost consumer fulfillment. This research will help enhance organisations’ performance in Egypt as a developing country and push towards applying environmental sustainability practices, as it introduces a tool to enhance customer satisfaction and reduce emissions by illustrating how last-mile logistics can be implemented. This is particularly important as last-mile logistics face some implementation barriers, especially in developing countries. In addition, it will help in extending the theory through conceptualising its abstract ideas with the research variables and applying it in a different context.

Effectuation and the Social Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Adopting the Principles of Effectual Logic and Social Enterprise's Performance in Egypt

In Egypt, social enterprises are important to confront some of the major challenges facing the country. Nevertheless, they face several obstacles that hinder their development, social impact, and performance. In 2001, Saravathy developed effectuation theory which acknowledges how the decision-making process, action and implementation are practiced by entrepreneurs in an unpredicted and dynamic environment. Hence, effectuation can be suggested as a possible resort to improve social enterprises’ performance. Thus, the objective of the research is to investigate whether effective logic principles affect social enterprises’ financial, market, and innovative performance in Egypt. An online survey was shared via email with social entrepreneurs identified using snow-ball sampling. Results showed that the performance of social enterprises in Egypt is average, and in some instances, lesser than average, especially financial and innovation performance, while they moderately apply effectuation principles as they perform their regular activities.

The Effect of Firm Specific Factors on Lessor Financial Performance in Egypt (panel analysis)

This study attempts to identify some of the firm specific factors that might have an impact on lessor financial performance after the application of EAS 49 and the Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). Numerical data were collected for five years during 2016-2020 from financial reports obtained from the Egyptian Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA). Study sample comprised 43 observations. The dependent variable is the firm financial performance signified by total debt/total equity, earnings per share EPS, return on equity ROE, asset turn over, return on capital employed ROCE, current ratio, return on assets ROA, and total debt/total assets. The independent variables are sales, financial liabilities, EBIT/operating profit or loss, and financial leased fixed assets. The study used pooled model, fixed effect model, and random effect model. Results indicate the sales, financial liabilities, EBIT/operating profit or loss, and financial leased fixed assets have an effect on lessor financial performance after the application of both IFRS 16 equivalent of EAS 49 and the Egyptian Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). The data is accurate and complete. The length of the study period makes it possible to track progress of lessor firms. This study tries to identify the impact of some firm specific factors on lessor financial performance after application of EAS 49 and Financial Leasing and Factoring Act (Law 176 of 2018). Thus, this study is a modest contribution to better decision making of investors, creditors, lessors, and lessees.

Enterprises’ national innovation system performance in Egypt, Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse enterprises’ performance in terms of the National Innovation System – NIS in three Africans countries: Egypt, Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon. Drawing inspiration from the Schumpeterian approach of innovation and using the World Bank Enterprises Survey (WBES-2016) data, we estimated a multinomial logit model. The results show that innovation system’s different spheres (academic, governmental, enterprise, societal and environmental) of the quintuple helix contribute more to improving the performance of technological innovation in Egypt than in other countries. In addition, the analyses enabled us to highlight the embryonic state of the NIS in Africa. Thus, underlying innovation policies have been proposed to improve enterprises’ performance in terms of the NIS in the different countries studied.

Circular Economy Awareness in Egypt:

The circular economy (CE) arose in response to growing environmental awareness, environmental legislation, and the requirement for social responsibility. However, knowledge of CE is lower than expected in Egypt, and practices fall behind expectations, due in part to a dearth of research on the subject. Therefore, this study examined the current state of CE awareness and practices among university students. The study's primary purpose was to increase public awareness and comprehension of CE promotion performance in Egypt. The data and information for this study were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with 130 students from ten Cairo University colleges and other Egyptian universities. The findings revealed that students were unaware of the CE program and had a poor knowledge of it. They did, however, have good attitudes toward garbage sorting, even though most of the time they just categorised garbage into categories for sale, reuse, or exchange for a new thing. Students’ awareness of the CE program correlated positively with educational level, age, and gender, whereas their pro-environmental and resource conservation behavior correlated positively with age.

The effect of fund size on mutual funds performance in Egypt

The growth of mutual funds investment and its importance to various economies has become more significant in the past few decades. There are many factors that affect the mutual fund performance one of those factors are fund size. The researcher will investigate the effect of fund size on mutual fund’s performance in Egypt. The results showed that Log Net asset value NAV (Log fund size) has a significant negative impact on mutual fund performance, Age has a significant negative impact on mutual fund performance. The researcher also concluded that the Fund type has significant effect on mutual funds’ performance. While Log total fund expense has a significant positive impact on mutual funds’ performance.

Females on board and sustainability performance in a developing country: Evidence from Egypt

This study aims at filling the existing research gap by scrutinizing the influence of females on management boards on sustainability performance in a developing country using cross-sectional data from the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) of non-financial companies over the period 2012–2019. To the best of our knowledge, the analysis is considered one of the earliest empirical studies that tests the relationship of females on management board and sustainability performance in Egypt. Our results indicate that female representation on board has a positive impact on sustainability performance, which demonstrates that companies that have females on their boards have a better sustainability performance. Moreover, board size and independence enhance sustainability performance. Thus, this study has imperative repercussions on users and companies’ boards in Egypt, which recommend that current Egyptian regulatory bodies would take further steps that may significantly impact the environmental, social and corporate governance imminent in Egypt

Theaters of Citizenship: Aesthetics and Politics of Avant-Garde Performance in Egypt by Sonali Pahwa

Reviewed by: Theaters of Citizenship: Aesthetics and Politics of Avant-Garde Performance in Egypt by Sonali Pahwa Mohamadreza Babaee Theaters of Citizenship: Aesthetics and Politics of Avant-Garde Performance in Egypt. By Sonali Pahwa. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2020; pp. 192. Theatre and performance scholarship on Middle Eastern and North African drama remains an infrequently explored topic within the field. With Theaters of Citizenship: Aesthetics and Politics of Avant-Garde Performance in Egypt, Sonali Pahwa contributes a much-needed project on how MENA artists use theatre to address social, political, and cultural issues pertinent to their societies. The book explores avant-garde, experimental, and independent theatres of Egypt during the later years of Hosni Mubarak’s presidency, roughly starting in 2001 and leading to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 and its aftermath. Pahwa looks at plays, festivals, manifestos, and workshops to argue that new and independent generations of Egyptian theatre-makers, encumbered by the neoliberal policies of Mubarak’s authoritarian government, used avant-garde poetics to rehearse civic and cultural citizenship on varied theatre stages. Incorporating archival, ethnographic, and performance analysis research methods, Pahwa structures her study in six chapters to discuss how various aspects of national and identity politics undergirded the activist purposes of avant-garde Egyptian theatre in the early twenty-first century. Pahwa begins her book by laying the contextual and historical ground for understanding the purpose of theatre in contemporary Egypt. After the revolution of 1952, a national theatre was formed in Egypt that sought to decolonize the country’s theatre practices by focusing more on folk characters and native playwrights. Following the reestablishment of private theatres in the 1960s, Egyptian theatre experienced a golden age of works featuring the prominent themes of national unity, pan-Arabism, and socialism. When Mubarak became the fourth president of Egypt in 1981, he eventually reduced state support for playwrights and consequently slowed down the progress of the political drama in the country. Impacted by Mubarak’s repressive policies and his later neoliberal attitude toward the arts, the new generations of Egyptian theatre-makers at the dawn of the century found themselves excluded from participating in public modes of theatre, and citizenship writ large. These artists, who Pahwa discusses in chapter 1, used adaptation, hybridization, and improvisation strategies to form an avant-garde theatre that included the voices of the ignored and forgotten. The new independent art movement distanced itself from state institutions to create an undercommon, seeking fresh modes of theatre in which they could more freely address (national) identity politics. Chapter 2 deals with the emergence of avant-garde manifesto movements in connection to the evolution of the highly influential, state-sponsored Cairo International Festival for Theater (CIFET). The festival was inaugurated in the 1980s as a cultural venue for devising new forms of experimental theatre. Mubarak’s government, however, used CIFET to propagate a cosmopolitan image of Egypt as a country ready for global import and export. Feeling ignored and excluded in the CIFET programming, independent troupes and younger artists joined various opposing movements, including the “free theater” (1990) and “September 5” (2005), to ask for more visibility and cultural agency within and beyond a single state-sponsored festival. Dissident theatre artists used the CIFET and independent theatre festivals to devise new forms of experimental theatre outside the dichotomy of Arab and Western theatre, creating cultural and civic opportunities for rehearsing more counterhegemonic self-expression practices. Pahwa addresses gender identity politics and associated generational ideologies in chapters 3 and 4. By analyzing the 2004 multimedia performances of Messing with the Mind (Haraka troupe) and Mother I Want to Be a Millionaire (Al-ma’bad troupe), Pahwa argues that independent Egyptian theatre-makers of the time questioned the efficacy of state-sponsored mass media for representing young Egyptian identity, and challenged images of masculinity championed within more mainstream theatres as a defining feature of Egyptian culture and citizenship. Furthermore, women directors and feminist groups, such as Mirette Mikhail and Abeer Ali’s Misahharati troupe, used hybrid performance genres to create ethnographic, autobiographical, and translated stories centered on women, effectively imagining citizenship from minority perspectives to achieve recognition for subaltern identities. The last two chapters include discussions of...

The effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of SME listed companies in Egypt

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of corporate governance on the organizational performance of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the industrial, construction, distribution, and mining sectors listed on the Nilex stock market in Egypt. Using an empirical analysis this study examines the effect of board size, board composition, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, and the existence of the audit committee on the performance of the listed companies. This study exploits corporate performance by accounting-based measures (return on assets, ROA). The study’s findings about listed SMEs provide some interesting information. It demonstrates a negligible association between board size and company performance in Egypt as well as a negative association between the proportion of executive directors on the board and company performance. A positive correlation between CEO duality and business performance is also present. A reverse relationship between the existence of the audit committee and the performance of the companies. The paper provides empirical evidence that applying corporate governance practices is still not mature in the Egyptian SMEs listed on the Nilex stock market. Considering the enforcement of corporate governance practices in 2017, this paper considers one of the fewest that contributes to the literature on corporate governance and SMEs performance in Egypt by introducing empirical findings for the period from 2018 to 2021

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility as a Marketing Investment on Firms’ Performance: A Risk-Oriented Approach

In light of the growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR), there is still controversy regarding its impact on firms’ performance. In this paper, we examine the impact of CSR initiatives, as a marketing investment, on firms’ performance. We treat CSR initiatives as investment and, consequently, the returns appear over the long term. We use the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach which is a forward-looking financial market-based metric that captures the firm’s long-term performance. We focus on the banking industry as it confronts a variety compound of risk. We find that CSR implementation is positively reflected in profit efficiency, regardless of the strategic commitment to implementing CSR and bank size, as these variables do not influence the CSR–performance relationship. However, we find that bank age and competitive positioning have a significant impact on the CSR–performance relationship. Our study provides valuable insights to CSR practitioners and researchers, especially in the banking sector. We provide empirical evidence on the importance of CSR and its positive impact on bank performance in Egypt as one of the emerging markets.

The Effect of Digital Transformation on Egyptian Competitiveness Using the ARDL Model

This study aimed at assessing the “digital transformation” of Egypt and measured its effect on the country’s competitiveness during the period 1996–2019 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Results showed positive relationship between the competitive performance variable (MVA) and the lag value of the same variable, as an increase in competitive performance during last year by one point led to an increase of 0.72 point in competitive performance during current year. The research and development expenditure positively affected competitive performance as one-point increase led to an increase of 0.41 point in competitive performance. The number of patents registered by individuals positively affected MVA as one-point increase led to an increase of 0.01 point in MVA. Moreover, the net foreign direct investment positively affected MVA as one-point increase led to an increase of 0.05 point in MVA, and one-point increase in the high technology exports led to an increase of 0.25 point in competitive performance. Also, the number of mobile and fixed phone lines subscribers positively affected MVA as one-point increase in the number of mobile phone subscribers per 100 people (MOB), and the number of fixed-line subscribers per 100 people (FTS) led to an increase of 0.03, 0.94 point in competitive performance, respectively. In conclusion, to achieve competitive performance in Egypt by increasing efficiency in both resources’ usage and technical productivity, the technological level in Egyptian production must be improved.

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Performance in Egypt: An Empirical Study Based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI)

Entrepreneurship is a significant economic process in regional economic development. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Egyptian entrepreneurial ecosystem by using the global entrepreneurship index (GEI) data from 2006–2017. This empirical study provides an in-depth insight into the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem situation based on GEI methodology and its sub-indexes, pillars, and individual and institutional variables. Results revealed that the Egyptian entrepreneurial “Aspiration” pillars play a promising role in the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem, especially the “Process Innovation” and “Risk Capital” pillars. Although the entrepreneurial “Abilities” pillars appear as shortcomings in the Egyptian GEI, especially the "Opportunity Startup" and "Competition" pillars. Furthermore, Egyptian entrepreneurial “Attitudes” pillars are considered to be the main disadvantage of forming the Egyptian GEI score. Finally, the paper proved that the “Risk Acceptance” and “Networking” pillars appeared as the weakest aspect of the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem. Consequently, developing national policies and strategies to enhance these two pillars will improve the Egyptian GEI score by 2%.

Entrepreneurial marketing and bank performance in Egypt: is environmental turbulence a missing link?

PurposeCurrent research argues that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial marketing (EM) and business performance. However, this relationship has only been discussed in a relatively stable environmental situation and it is not clear whether such a relationship remains positive during environmental turbulence (ET) and whether organizations adopting EM activities during such turbulence, will change their behavior to enhance their performance. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between EM and the performance of Egyptian banks. Furthermore, building upon environmental contingency theory, this study examined the moderating role of ET on the relationship between EM and the performance of banks in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachData were collected during the period March–June 2020 using a sample of 358 employees working in 20 banks in Egypt. Online surveys and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the required data during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling using SPSS 25.FindingsThe main results of this study indicated that EM and bank performance are positively related. Results also showed that ET and technological turbulence positively moderates this relationship, i.e. this relationship is more robust in highly turbulent business environments than in more stable environments.Practical implicationsThis study provides useful managerial and practical implications. Fruitful insights can be communicated to bank managers in Egypt on the importance of EM and its implications for performance. With an increased understanding of EM, bank managers will come to understand that EM is critical for the sustainability and development of their banks.Originality/valueAn extensive review of the existing research material indicates that this is the first study to examine the relationship between EM and Egyptian banking performance and the moderating role of ET, particularly in large organizations.

Sonali Pahwa, Theaters of Citizenship: Aesthetics and Politics of Avant-Garde Performance in Egypt

Sonali Pahwa’s Theaters of Citizenship sheds light on the Egyptian avant-garde independent theatre movement from 2004 until 2014, with an eye on the aesthetics of citizenship. Although the writer’s fascination with ethnographic details of life in Cairo overshadows her analysis of the plays, the book is nevertheless a valuable resource on Egyptian avant-garde theatre.