Performance Characteristics Of Engine Research Articles

Impact on Green Synthesised Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Properties as Biodiesel operated diesel engine

<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Global warming and pollution are two of the numerous causes of environmental issues due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases. As a result, efforts are being made to limit emissions in order to mitigate these issues and reduce pollution. Given that fuel supplies are running low, biodiesel is one of the best alternatives to diesel fuel. One of the main obstacles to biodiesel's commercialization is its higher cost than diesel. One of the more superior substitute fuels for diesel is biodiesel, which is a fuel with great potential. When combined with 20% commercial diesel (B20), the resulting biodiesel is known as Pongamia. Improving engine performance and combustion characteristics while decreasing atmospheric NOX, CO, and HC exhaust emissions are the primary goals of this research. In comparison to neat diesel, BSFC and BTE were found to have increased by 12.27% and 15.34% respectively, while NOx, CO, and HC concentrations were decreased by 15.46%, 54%, 7.30%, and 25.67% respectively. Biodiesel mixed with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nano additive significantly improves the performance and combustion characteristics of diesel engines.</span></p>

Investigations on animal fat biodiesel selected blend by varying the fuel injection pressures and timings in the four-stroke single cylinder compression ignition engine

In the earlier investigations on the animal fat biodiesel, the authors have found that blend 20 was suitable to run the engine. In the CI engines, operating input parameters, FIPs and FITs, are the significant parameters to improve the engine performance and emission characteristics. Biodiesel was prepared by the transesterification process and blended with 20% diesel fuel to get AFB20 blend and to carried out the experiments by varying the FIPs by 180, 200, 220 and 240 bars and FITs by 19°, 21°, 23°, 25° and 27° bTDCs. The experiments were investigated in the single-cylinder 4S CI engine. In the evaluation, it was found that the FIP of 200 bar and 180 bar consumes 0.96% lower BSFC compared to 240 & 220 bars and exhibits a higher BTE of 2.6%. 1.62% lower EGT was found in 240 bar compared to 180 bar. 0.86% lower UBHC and 24.67% lower smoke emissions were observed in 200 and 240 bars. Lower BSFC was found in the 23° IT and higher BTE was found in 19° IT. Lower EGT and UBHC emissions were found in 19° IT. Lower EGT and CO emissions were found in 19° CA and higher CO emission was found in 23° IT at full load.

Recycling waste tires into sustainable biofuel for replacing petroleum fuel in diesel engines using nanoparticles and biohydrogen.

In this paper, the production of pyrolyzed oil in lab scale plant and its possible use in variable speed diesel engine with nanoparticle and secondary fuel oxy-hydrogen gas is investigated. The pyrolyzed oil is produced from waste tires in lab scale plant, and after its distillation, it is blended with neat diesel in the proportion of 20:80 (TDF). The different testing fuels are prepared by mixing nanoparticle CeO2 (NP) at the concentrations 50ppm and 100ppm with blended fuel (named as TDF-NP50 and TDF-NP100). While in the testing phase, the HHO gas is supplied through specially designed venturi at fixed flow rate (fuel designated as TDF-NP50-HHO and TDF-NP100-HHO). The focus of current investigation is to investigate the combined impact of inducting HHO with nanoparticle mixed pyrolyzed blends on engine performance and emissions characteristics. The pyrolyzed blended fuel deteriorate the BTE, BSFC, emissions of HC and NOx while improves the CO emission. The improvement in all the characteristics can be achieved by introducing CeO2 nanoparticle at 50ppm and 100ppm which improves BTE by 15-24%, BSFC by 2.2-4.2%, HC by 8-18%, CO by 7-12%, and NOx by 7-16%. The further improvement can be achieved by inducting HHO gas, which are BTE 11%, BSFC 5-8%, HC 15%, and CO 13-16%. However, the NOx emission is increased by 14-17%. Hence, the waste tire-derived pyrolyzed oil along with green hydrogen and nanoparticles CeO2 can be used as a sustainable transportation fuel in existing CI engine.

Enhancing engine performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics through CeO2-modified cottonseed biodiesel with hydrogen enrichment: A comprehensive investigation

This investigation delves into the combined use of nanoparticles added biodiesel blends and hydrogen as secondary fuels in CI engines, intending to minimize the reliance on traditional fossil fuels. Calcined wood ash (CWA) has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of cottonseed biodiesel. XRD, SEM and BET analysis was performed to characterize the catalyst. This study evaluates the impact of adding hydrogen and Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles to cottonseed biodiesel on a CRDI engine. It showed that H2 at an intake rate of 10 L/min improved the engine's overall performance and reduced hazardous emissions. By incorporating the CeO2 nanoparticles (75 ppm) in a cottonseed biodiesel blend and injecting H2 in the engine the BTE was enhanced by 27.8% and BSFC was decreased by 4.41%. There was a reduction of 24%, 22.8%, 6.42%, and 69.5% for HC, CO, CO2 and smoke emissions. On the other hand, NOx rose by 9.3% compared to diesel. The combustion characteristics, such as cylinder pressure showed 26.5% improvement at full load on inclusion of H2. Additionally, under maximum load, the blend C20 + CeO2+H2 has the shortest ignition delay and combustion duration leading to higher engine efficiency. The results of this investigation offer valuable insights into the potential of biodiesel-hydrogen dual-fuel strategies to reduce the environmental impact of CI engines while promoting sustainable energy practices.

Effects of hydrogen enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with the addition of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) biodiesel

ABSTRACT Biofuel made from Syzygium cumini, often known as Jamun, has the potential to be a low-cost, sustainable, and emission-free alternative. In this work, we experimentally explore the performance of a compression ignition (CI) engine that burns a blend of hydrogen and biodiesel. Hydrogen is pumped into the air intake manifold by means of a hydrogen gaseous supplement that, when exposed to atmospheric conditions, co-combusts with a pilot flame ignited by Jamun oil. To investigate the impact of hydrogen supplementation on performance and exhaust emission, a variety of hydrogen–Jamun fuel mixture proportions are provided to the engine. The research demonstrates that adding hydrogen improves the thermal efficiency (5%) of diesel engines whereas lowering specific energy fuel consumption (4%) at fixed Jamun flow rates. The gas emission data demonstrates that when hydrogen (HC) emission (12%) supplements decreases, NOx emission (10%) increases somewhat but opacity (8%) increases significantly. The experiment demonstrates that hydrogen and Jamun duel fuel in compression ignition engines burn smoothly.

Hydrogen enrichment in methanol SI engine at varying injection timing during compression stroke

This study investigates the effect of hydrogen enrichment in a direct-injected methanol-fuelled SI engine, with combustion and emission performance analysed by varying the methanol injection timing from 150° to 60° CA bTDC. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model of the hydrogen-enriched methanol engine was developed to predict the engine performance, in-cylinder, and emission characteristics. The numerical model was solved using three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes, the RNG k-epsilon model for turbulence, the O'Rourke and Amsden sub-model for heat transfer, the extended Zeldovich mechanism for nitric oxide emissions, and the Hiroyasu-NSC model for soot emissions. The results indicated that retarding the injection timing resulted in a decrease in the indicated specific CO and soot emissions along with a rise in the indicated specific NOx emissions. Furthermore, hydrogen enrichment with methanol enhanced the hydroxyl radical concentration, reduced the combustion duration, reduced also the indicated specific CO and soot emissions while increasing the indicated specific NOx emissions. The study indicates that hydrogen enrichment could extend the late injection timing limit of methanol by enhancing fuel-air mixing, which improves and controls the combustion process more effectively.

Effect of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed ternary fuel blend on diesel engine performance and emissions: Experimental and Taguchi-Grey relation study

The present study deals with the influence of hybrid nanoparticles dispersed in ternary fuel mixtures on the evaluation of the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. The fuel blend consists of 70% diesel, 20% Madhuca longifolia biodiesel, and 10% ethanol (by volume). The hybrid nanoparticles of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and graphene nanoparticles were then added to this ternary fuel mixture in different proportions, namely 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L, together with the surfactant and the dispersant in a ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the experiments were conducted on a diesel engine to evaluate the performance and emission parameters by varying different fuel samples, different loads (3, 6, 9, and 12 kgf) and injection pressures (i.e. 200, 225,and 250 bar). In addition, the Taguchi-Grey relation analysis was used for optimization, and the input parameters are fuel samples, loads and injection pressures. Experimental performance metrics, including brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), were improved when hybrid nanoparticles were added to the ternary fuel blend compared to diesel. At the same time, smoke opacity, nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced. Increasing the injection pressure also led to positive results, apart from NOx. Both performance and emissions were better for hybrid nanofuel based on surfactants and dispersants than for the base fuel, and it performed better of all dispersant-added nanofuels. The better results were obtained with D70B20E10NPs75QPAN75 mg/L than with the other fuel samples. The maximum BTE and lowest BSFC are 33.26% and 0.206 kg/kWh, while the minimized CO, UHC, NOx and smoke values at full load are 0.019%, 21 ppm, 833 ppm and 36.25%, respectively, at full load and injection pressure of 250 bar. By combining experimental investigations with the Taguchi -Grey method, a comprehensive and rapid assessment of the effects on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines was achieved.

Effect of engine parameters on the mixture distribution, performance and emission characteristics of a gasoline direct injection engine with baffles – A numerical analysis

Baffles inside the combustion chamber of internal combustion (IC) engines improve in-cylinder mixture distribution, performance, and emission characteristics. However, the effect of engine operating parameters on these aspects of the engine with baffles (EWB) remains underexplored. In this study, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the effects of fuel injection pressure (FIP), engine speed and load in a spray-guided, gasoline direct injection engine (GDI) are analysed and compared with the conventional engine. For the analysis, injection pressures of 30, 50, 80, and 120 bar; engine speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rev/min.; and overall equivalence ratios of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.2 are considered, keeping the fuel injection timing constant. Results show that, EWB outperforms the conventional engine under various conditions considered. Also, it is found that the performance of EWB at an FIP of 30 bar is comparable to that of the base engine at an FIP of 80 bar. Additionally, the EWB exhibits better thermal efficiency across all the engine speeds and load conditions. Moreover, the HC and CO emissions of the EWB are found to be lower in most engine operating conditions. However, NOx emissions are marginally higher than those of the base engine.

Experimental multiple parameters optimization of the injection strategies for a turbocharged direct injection hydrogen engine to achieve highly efficient and clean performance

Improving the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and reducing NOx emissions are two main goals for hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines to achieve efficient and clean performance. This paper focuses on the multiple parameters optimization of injection and ignition both experimentally and numerically based on a 2.0L turbocharged direct injection hydrogen engine. Firstly, the effects of single and split injection on engine performance, in-cylinder mixing and combustion characteristics are investigated. Secondly, the single-factor effect of split injection parameters and spark timing on engine performance are obtained with different engine speeds. Significant interaction effects are detected between these factors. Thus, a multi-parameter optimization is conducted based on the response surface methodology method to analyze the co-relationship of factors (split injection control parameters and ignition) on responses (BTE, NOx emissions, and knock intensity) at high-load. Finally, a maximum BTE of 43.03% and a reduction in NOx emissions by 71.19% are achieved with the help of model prediction at 2500 rpm and a load of 1.40MPa. Further optimization of other engine speeds is conducted, and the boundary of high-efficiency region (BTE>40%) covers over 50% of the load map after optimization. These results can provide valuable support for the performance improvement of efficiency and clean hydrogen engines.

The experimental investigation of performance behaviors of a beta-type Stirling engine with bell-crank motion mechanism

The current study aims to develop a novel power generation system that is capable of working with a Stirling engine. Within this context, a β-type Stirling engine design has been created with a bell-crank motion mechanism and a 365 cm3 swept volume. The engine has been manufactured, and then a detailed assessment has been conducted to determine the impact of the motion mechanism on engine performance characteristics. The designed and manufactured engine has been tested using a range of working fluids, such as air, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and nitrogen gases. The performance tests of this engine have been carried out at 1000 K (±10) heater and 300 K (±5) coolant temperatures. Based on the outcomes of the experimental studies, the highest engine power and torque values have been obtained at a charge pressure of 4 bar using helium gas, with 143.5 W at 267 rpm and 7.75 Nm at 100 rpm, respectively. Moreover, the maximum engine power values obtained from other tests with nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide and argon gases have been compared with helium gas. Helium gas has been found to outperform nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide, and argon gases in tests by 67.3%, 73.9%, 197.1%, and 200.2%, respectively. Finally, the highest thermal efficiency value has been obtained with helium gas as 48.7% at a charge pressure of 4 bar.

Empirical study on butanol-ethanol-gasoline blends using Artocarpus heterophyllus peel resource for eco-friendly gasoline engine application

Since using current engine fuels contributes to climate change and global warming, there is intense competition to provide an ecologically friendly and less harmful substitute fuel. It proved to be rather feasible to mix engine-designed fuel with alcohol fuel. In this work, the peel of Artocarpus heterophyllus is used to produce the bioethanol. In three ratios—10 % butanol-ethanol + 90 % petrol (BEG10), 20 % butanol-ethanol + 80 % petrol (BEG20), and 30 % butanol-ethanol + 70 % petrol (BEG30)-butanol-ethanol and petrol were mixed in the present work. Using a four-stroke, spark ignition (SI) engine one-cylinder, the effect of the butanol-ethanol-gasoline combination on operational properties was examined and studied. Three test fuels (BEG10, BEG20, and BEG30) were studied in the engine speed range of 2500 rpm to 4500 rpm. The best practical responses found were brake thermal efficiency (43.21 %) and brake-specific fuel consumption (0.23 kg/kWh). The findings showed that more significant concentrations of ethanol-butanol improve the performance characteristics. In the end, engine emission parameters such as hydrocarbon (40 %), carbon monoxide (25 %), and nitrogen oxide (5.88 %) were reduced by the butanol-ethanol combination with petrol. Artificial neural network (ANN) models of multiple regression are used to forecast the engine performance parameters. An ANN model is trained using a database produced from the experimental findings. It shows that the suggested artificial neural network model can provide a precise correlation between input variables and output replies. The input parameters like Speed, Load, and Blend were predicted using the identified model. The R2 (0.9638, 0.9735) value of BTE and BSFC obtained indicated that the neural network approach model generated was more accurate for the prediction process. ANN application is thus a superior forecasting tool for SI engine performance characteristics.

An experimental investigation of the impacts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ethanol on performance and emission characteristics on diesel engines run with castor Biodiesel ethanol blended fuel

Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.

Optimization of water and 1-pentanol concentrations in biodiesel-diesel blends for enhanced engine performance and environmental sustainability

This study focuses on optimizing the concentrations of water and 1-pentanol in biodiesel-diesel blends derived from Gossypium hirsutum (cottonseed) oil to enhance engine performance and reduce environmental impact. Biodiesel from cottonseed oil (COB) was produced via transesterification, followed by an analysis of its elemental and chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Using a Box-Behnken design matrix, the volume concentrations of COB (10–30 %), water (5–15 %), and 1-pentanol (5–20 %) in diesel fuel were varied to optimize engine performance and emission characteristics. ANOVA was employed to evaluate the influence of these parameters on key output responses. The results demonstrated that COB possesses favorable elemental and chemical properties, and the optimal concentrations of COB, water, and 1-pentanol were identified as 14.7 %, 9.9 %, and 11.2 %, respectively. ANOVA findings revealed that COB had the maximum influence on brake specific fuel consumption (93.4 %), nitrogen oxides (55.3 %), carbon monoxide (78.5 %), and carbon dioxide (97.1 %), while 1-pentanol significantly influenced brake thermal efficiency (38.9 %) and hydrocarbon emissions (70 %). Confirmation experiments validated these optimizations, showing substantial improvements in both performance and emissions. The study concludes that integrating water and 1-pentanol into COB blends can reduce fossil fuel consumption by approximately 35 %, while enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact.

Selection of propulsion characteristics for systematic assessment of future European RLV-options

AbstractThe propulsion system as the key-element of any space transportation concept is systematically investigated supporting a study on potential future European RLV. Different liquid propellant combinations are compared and evaluated. Subsequently, main stage rocket engines are defined for the two cycle options: open gas-generator and closed staged-combustion. Four different propellant combinations are considered all based on liquid oxygen (LOX) as oxidizer and with the fuel options liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), liquid propane (LC3H8) and kerosene (RP1). These combinations result in eight different generic engines with sub-variants using different nozzle expansion ratios in first and upper stage application. Engine characteristics are similar, as far as conceivable, to be well-suited for the system level comparison of pre-defined RLV-launchers. However, characteristics are not necessarily identical as different engine architectures and propellants might make individual choices necessary. Engine performance characteristics are compared with similar existing engines when available. It is shown that closed-cycle staged combustion engines bring significant performance gains, particularly in sea-level operations. On the other hand, hydrocarbon- and open-cycle gas-generator engines offer a better thrust-to-weight-ratio than hydrogen and staged combustion cycle.

Effect of Piston Geometry on Performance Characteristics of VCR Engine with and without EGR when Fueled with Blends of Methyl Ester

The growing population and exhaustion of fossil fuels necessitate our search for new sources of energy. The study for this research encompasses an amalgamation of interest in alternative fuels, advanced engine technology such as variable compression ratio VCR, engine component modification, and a methodical approach to testing for assessing the effects on key performance of the engine. A 3.5 kW compression ignition (CI) engine was fueled with blends of behada, chicken fat, and turmeric oil methyl ester. Engine operating parameters, such as the compression ratio (CR), rate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and piston top geometry, are optimized to maximize engine performance. CI engine was modified by changing the piston head (square and tangential groove top) for methyl ester diesel blend operations. In the study, diesel fuel is designated as B00 and methyl ester as B20. The influence of compression ratio (CR16 and CR18) with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR 0% and EGR 10%) was evaluated. The key performance indicators: brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are investigated. Results indicate that an increase in BTE accompanies an increase in load, suggesting enhanced thermal efficiency with increased power output. The consequence of VCR is also investigated, and it is determined that a higher CR results in a higher BTE due to an increase in compression pressure and temperature, thereby enhancing combustion. Due to the re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons with the addition of EGR at a 10% rate, BTE increases further. Utilizing a piston geometry with tangential grooves and methyl ester blends also contributes to increased BTE. BSEC increases with increasing load, with an important rise observed when operating at maximum capacity. However,at CR 18, BSEC decreases as a result of enhanced combustion efficiency. EGR has different effects on BSEC depending on the geometry of the piston and the kind of fuel used. Enhanced air-fuel blending and re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons reduce the BSEC of the engine. The tangential groove top piston operates with 10% EGR. Similar to BSEC, BSFC decreases with increasing CR and improves with the use of a piston with a tangential groove and 10% EGR operation. AFR decreases as the consumption of fuel increases to meet the power demand, and higher CR values result in a lower AFR. EGT rises with load, and CR18 has a lower EGT than CR16 as a result of a higher compressing temperature and pressure. 10% EGR operation reduces EGT by decreasing the concentration of oxygen in the combustible area.

An experimental investigation on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of IC engine using liquid fuel produced through catalytic co-pyrolysis of pressed oil cake and mixed plastics with the addition of nanoparticles

The study focuses on using a combination of diesel and a liquid fuel derived from the co-pyrolysis of pressed neem cake (PNC) and mixed waste plastics (MWP) containing waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) in equal amounts with the help of cupric oxide (CuO) catalyst. The engine analysis was carried out using diesel and five different blends of co-pyrolysis oil with diesel in proportions of 20 % (20 % pyrolysis oil + 80 % diesel = PD20), 40 % (PD40), 50 % (PD50) and 100 % pyrolysis oil (PD100), respectively. Initially, the co-pyrolysis oil was produced using PNC and MWP in a ratio of 1:2 under different operating temperatures between 350 °C and 650 °C. The process temperature was optimized to yield maximum liquid oil, and the characterization study was performed. In addition to that, CeO2 nanoadditives were used to improve the properties of PD20 fuel. Different dosages of nanoadditives were blended with PD20 to prepare PD20@25 (PD20 + 25 ppm CeO2), PD20@50, PD20@75, and PD20@100. The objective of the study is to assess the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine utilizing co-pyrolysis oil-diesel blend by including the nanoadditives. The analysis was carried out on a single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine mounted with an eddy current dynamometer. The experiments demonstrated that the combination of PD20 and 50 ppm CeO2 resulted in a 6 % increase in thermal efficiency when compared to other blended fuels and diesel. When compared to all fuels, the PD20@50 produced a higher decrease in CO and HC emissions by roughly 30 and 6.2 %, respectively. The combustion analysis showed that the heat release rate (HRR) and maximum cylinder pressure were also found to have improved by adding nanoparticles.

Improvement in Efficiency of Four Stroke Petrol Engine Blend with Butanol Using Hydrogen Supplementation

Hydrogen is seen as one of energy vector of the next century. Hydrogen, as a renewable energy source provides a potential form sustainable development particular in transportation sector. The hydrogen driven engine reduces both local as well as global emission. Hydrogen gas is in brown color and form of un-separated hydrogen and oxygen generated by the electrolysis process of water by a unique electrode design. Hydrogen gas was used as a supplementary fuel in a petrol engine with few modifications and without need of storage tanks. As hydrogen, Butanol is also used as fuel in engine. Blending of small proportion of petrol and butanol can be used in petrol engine without modification of engine. Using of butanol with petrol improve performance of engine. As hydrogen gas is used as a supplementary and butanol is blend with petrol, it will enhance the combustion characteristics of petrol engine and improve performance. In this project we are going to analyze the performance characteristics of petrol engine with butanol blends using HHO kit. Key Words: Hydrogen, Four stroke petrol engine, Butanol

Comparison of machine learning algorithms on a low heat rejection diesel engine running on ternary blends

Depletion of fossil fuels and increasing the energy demand are the critical concerns for the sustainable growth of every country. These challenges highlight the need for a cleaner fuel globally. In particular, substituting the petroleum fuels with biofuels could significantly support sustainability. Hence, this study explores the impact of acetylene induction in a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with ternary blend (TB) as a pilot fuel. TB includes 10%methanol + 20%WCOB + 70%diesel. During the dual fuel operation, the acetylene induction was varied (12, 18, and 24 lpm) with different pilot fuel combinations in a LHR engine. From the experimental results, it was revealed that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is improved by 10.3% for TB with acetylene at 24 lpm and increased the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) by 10.3% at full load conditions. This study further evaluates the implementation of machine learning algorithms, namely, Random Forest regression (RFR) and Polynomial regression (PR) in predicting the performance parameters [BTE, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and EGT]. The results indicate that RFR outperforms PR in accurately predicting engine performance characteristics with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.97, R2 = 0.98 for BTE, whereas for BSFC the R2 = 0.96, R2 = 0.95, and for EGT, the R2 = 0.95, R2 = 0.97 for the test fuels diesel and TBA3, respectively. These findings suggest that the combination of LHR technology, TB fuel, and acetylene can enhance engine efficiency and performance characteristics, and machine learning models can effectively predict these outcomes.

Assessment of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using tyre pyrolysis oil and biodiesel blends by nano additives: An experimental study

In the current study, the diesel engine performance, emission, and combustion have been investigated using tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) and biodiesel blended with nano-additives. The effect of the blending ratio on fuel combustion and emission was evaluated. The tyre pyrolysis oil was derived from scrap tyres through the pyrolysis process and biodiesel was synthesized from used cooking oil (UCO) through the transesterification process. Moringa oleifera-derived strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles were mixed into the fuel to provide extra oxygen for better combustion. Three blended fuels were formulated as: a) 5 % biodiesel and 95 % TPO containing 50 ppm SrO nanoparticles (B5TPO95SrO50), b) 10 % biodiesel and 90 % TPO containing 100 ppm SrO nanoparticles (B10TPO90SrO100), c) 50 % TPO and 50 % biodiesel without nano-additives (B50TPO50). Among the blended fuels, B10TPO90SrO100 showed the best brake thermal efficiency at 31.4 % and a brake-specific fuel consumption of 0.21 kg/kWh at full load. The B5TPO95SrO50 blended fuel showed reduced emission parameters such as unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by 2.05 %, 8.30 %, and 18.00 %, respectively, as compared to the conventional diesel engine at an optimum engine load (27.9 Nm). Hence, waste tyre oil and UCO biodiesel blended with biogenic SrO nano additive can be considered a promising fuel for a sustainable environment.

Experimental investigation of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using blends of waste cooking oil-ethanol biodiesel with MWCNT nanoparticles

In this study, blends of 5 % and 10 % ethanol with waste cooking oil biodiesel are mixed with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) at a concentration of 30 ppm. MWCNTs, known for their high surface area and unique properties, are added to potentially enhance combustion efficiency and reduce emissions. These blends are then tested in a diesel engine to evaluate their performance, emission and combustion characteristics using Design of experiment technique. After conducting various experiments and analyses, the blend of 20 % biodiesel, 10 % ethanol, and 30 ppm MWCNT was identified as the most optimal due to its favorable engine characteristics. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was increased from 3.1 % to 3.4 % with the addition of MWCNTs, indicating enhanced fuel efficiency. Moreover, average Fuel Consumption is decreased from 2.2 % to 2.5 %, suggesting improved fuel utilization. Using MWCNT 30 ppm in B20 ethanol blends (MWCNT 30 ppm B20+E10) resulted in 35 % reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, 37 % reduction in CO emissions and 39 % reduction in HC emissions. Hence MWCNTs demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating harmful exhaust emissions The optimized values for all parameters fall within acceptable ranges, indicated successful optimization using Response surface methodology. Additionally, statistical analysis reveals that the machine learning- XGBoost model outperformed all other advanced machine learning models across all tested metrics, including MSE, MAE, and R-square.