Perfect Frame Research Articles

On semi-stratifiable frames

In this paper, we introduce the notion of a semi-stratifiable frame as an extension of classical semi-stratifiability and also as the monotonization of perfect frames. We show that stratifiable frames are precisely the monotonically normal semi-stratifiable frames. Moreover, we present an insertion theorem for semi-stratifiable frames in terms of real functions and thereby obtain an insertion theorem for stratifiable frames.

Numerical analysis on the lateral resistance and reinforcement of bolted glulam post and beam structures with local cracks

The lateral resistance of bolted glulam timber frame structural system is highly influenced by the mechanical performance of the moment-resisting connections, while local cracks are commonly observed in the bolted glulam connections with the restraint of steel fasteners to wood shrinkage. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model was established in business software ANSYS to investigate the influence of cracks on the cyclic behavior of moment-resisting bolted glulam connections and the strengthening effect of friction dampers installed in pre-cracked connections. The numerical model was validated by comparison with full-scale experimental results. Furthermore, a nonlinear numerical model was developed for the glulam timber post and beam structures, and comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore the effect of the number and location of pre-cracked connections and the application of friction dampers on the lateral performance of framed structures. It was found that with local cracks set in the moment-resisting connections, the lateral stiffness and capacity of the framed structures can be reduced by 27% and 30%, respectively. With the installation of friction dampers in pre-cracked connections, the lateral capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the reinforced frame can be up to 1.36 and 2.77 times that of initially perfect frame.

Swami Vivekanandas vision and Indian education system

Education plays an important role in the development of nation and life of every person, especially in globalized competitive environment as we know it today. India is a country with varied and rich cultural heritage. Numerous great educationists came with their individual ideas and philosophy of education to place education system in a perfect frame in the 19th century. Among all, Swami Vivekananda (12th January, 1863 - 4th July, 1902) was the most influential and renowned personality, educationist, and reformer of India with his ideas and philosophy of education. His thoughts and teaching ideas still influences our education and all aspects of life. Swami ji believed in the philosophy of Vedanta, which believes that the goal of human life is to achieve

Covert Communication in Continuous-Time Systems in the Presence of a Jammer

Covert communication considers the ability of transmitter Alice to communicate reliably to receiver Bob without being detected by warden Willie. Previous work has generally considered a discrete-time model, and, in the standard Alice-Bob-Willie scenario, it has been shown that a discrete-time model captures the salient aspects of the underlying continuous-time covert communications system. However, in the presence of a jammer assisting Alice, where it has been shown in previous work that Alice can achieve a positive covert rate on a discrete-time model, we demonstrate here that a straightforward extension of the discrete-time construction to the continuous-time system does not guarantee a positive covert rate, hence indicating that the discrete-time model does not capture the salient aspects of the continuous-time system in such a scenario. This is because Willie is able to exploit excess bandwidth for co-channel interference suppression, as we demonstrate with an interference cancellation receiver. Hence, for the case when Alice is assisted by an uninformed jammer, we consider the continuous-time channel directly and study whether efficient covert communication can still be achieved against any possible receiver that Willie might employ. By presenting and characterizing an approach much different than that suggested by previous work for discrete-time systems in such a scenario, we establish that <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(WT)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> information bits can be transmitted covertly and reliably on a continuous-time channel of asymptotic bandwidth <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$ </tex-math></inline-formula> seconds, regardless of the receiver that Willie employs. This is done for two separate scenarios: 1) when there is perfect frame synchronization between Alice and the jammer’s signals; 2) when there is no frame synchronization between Alice and the jammer’s signals. Numerical results are provided to validate the theory.

Influence of imperfections on the progressive collapse of steel moment resisting frames

The performance of steel moment resisting frames with sway imperfections is numerically studied in this paper, under various sudden column removal scenarios. The response of 2D frames with varying values of sway imperfection is comparatively examined against respective perfect frames, under both nonlinear static and time history analyses. In this context, the study also investigates the role of frame design, working with two groups of alternatively designed frames: the first one governed by earthquake loading and the second governed by wind loading. Furthermore, some additional variables to the study are introduced. These are the number of frame storeys, the location of the removed column and the duration of the column removal. The obtained results reveal that the imperfect frames, depending on the location of the removed column, can deteriorate in terms of ductility, reaching increased column demands, compared to the perfect ones.

'Selfie Elbow'- A Public Health Problem among Mobile Users

Introduction: While taking a selfie picture, a person is in a position in which the arm is fully extended or sometimes a little bent and maintained until the picture of choice is adjusted in the camera frame. One Person must have a firm grip on phone to hold it and hit click. When the process is repeated for a few photos, it causes repetitive strain injury, resulting in various signs, including pain in the elbow joint, which has now been named 'selfie elbow.' Doctors assume that as many as 25% of cell phone users in Kolkata are suffering from this problem (selfie-elbow).&#x0D; Although a selfie is generally seen as an expression of self to others, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has officially confirmed that taking 'selfies' is seen as a mental disorder and has been given the term 'selfitis.' Selfie elbow is a condition due to overuse injury caused by extending and twisting one's arm for too many phone selfies. Like tennis elbow or golfer's elbow, an addiction to selfie-taking and clicking too many can cause pain in your primary picture-snapping elbow and may affect the upper limb, elbow, and shoulder muscles – which leads to degradation in function. Joints involved in the process of selfie-taking are the shoulder joint, the elbow joint, and the wrist joint, all of which help the hand attain a perfect frame for the picture. However, most of the strain is referred to the elbow, because the person extends (or sometimes bends) the elbow in an extremely strained position during the selfie. Selfie elbow is more of an abnormal and repetitive loading of muscles around the elbow, leading to microruptures, and resulting in inflammation and pain; this ultimately heals with scarring, but causes recurrent pain. As stated, it is a form of repetitive stress injury, similar to carpal tunnel syndrome (or the compression of the median nerve in the wrist, usually due to overuse of the hand) and tendonitis (which occurs when the tendon becomes inflamed).

Farming Practices and Policies in Shaping the Organic Agriculture in Romania. A Showcase of Southern Romania

Following the pre-accession to the European Union (EU), significant changes have taken place in the agricultural policy and practice in Romania, with implications in the productivity and management of the agricultural landscape. After the EU-accession, the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) provided support for both rural development and sustainable agriculture. At the same time, the increasing demand of consumers for high quality products on the one hand, and the need to protect and improve the quality of the environment as a result of organic land management practices, on the other, provided the perfect frame for the development of organic farming. The current study aims at providing an insight into the organic agriculture in Romania, with a special focus on the southern part of Romania (Romanian Plain and Dobrogea Plateau), an area which enjoys favourable natural conditions for this type of sustainable agriculture. The key findings of the paper are the identification of the linkages between EU/national policies and organic farming; building up a large geodatabase and providing spatial and statistical assessments of up-to-date records on organic farming based on data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the EUROSTAT statistics and reports, as well as by the inspection and certification bodies. Based on the data gathered from the 720 organic operators at LAU 2 level in southern Romania, various indicators (e.g. cultivated area with different crops, organic farms by size class of agricultural area used, number of organic operators) were computed and represented spatially using GIS techniques.

Psycho-Analytical Investigation of Stress among Students of Higher Technical Education in India: A Case Study

Academic period is the best phase of life for many students where they try to shape themselves in a perfect frame under the supervision of their teachers. But sometimes many students are unable to compensate the need of the actual goal setting. Somehow they also get deviated from their path due to the lack of proper setting with the situation as well as internal and external factors that imposes unwilling pressure on them. Stress appears when the complexity of internal and external factor exceeds individual’s resources to cope with their situation. It is critically determined by the name of depression, anxiety, stress, as well as phobia. Students frequently encounter stressors which may test their capability to cope: conforming to recent environment, managing a massive work load, making new friends, becoming more independent and dealing with several issues. From a closer outlook, students’ confront various challenges in their everyday life therefore the whole idea of an exciting and vibrant academic life is veiled by these challenges which leads to stress. If not dealt with, it can only escalate and hamper academic performance as well as emotional and social well-being. In the past ten years the percentage of suicide has increased considerably among the educated class in comparison to the uneducated sections of the Indian society. Among the educated section, the prime suicide prone people belong to educational level raging from higher secondary to graduation and above as survey by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB, India, See Annexure-I). This provides the chief motivation to carry out the psychoanalytical study of students. The current study examines the level of stress and its major causative agents among the PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) students of a prestigious technical institute of India. The primary aim of term paper is to assess the level of stress and its major triggering factors among the PhD students. The methodology for the present paper is based on a quantitative approach where a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data with a sample size of 30 students.

Research of Library Knowledge Ecosystem Based on Complex Network

The social sciences and natural sciences both has the achievement which many are worth using for reference mutually, the ecology by its unique charm gradually penetrate to the social sciences domain, has eagerly anticipated an academic upsurge. The knowledge ecosystem’s concept was proposed from the view of knowledge management, and the knowledge ecosystem theory has introduced the library. In this paper the library knowledge ecosystem that is a special ecosystem was constructed through ecosystem’s fundamental theory and the characteristic, and the knowledge distribution and the flowing rule of the library knowledge ecosystem was revealed based on complex network. In the library there were the knowledge individual who masters the different knowledge, the knowledge individual forms the knowledge population as a result of its knowledge similarity and the specific goal, the different knowledge population as well as the periphery environment constituted the library knowledge ecosystem together. Therefore the library knowledge ecosystem was constructed using the complex network and analyses its topology characteristics to be possible to provide a more perfect feasible frame for the library knowledge management fundamental research.

Frame Synchronization Algorithm for LDPC Coded Burst Systems

We present a frame synchronization algorithm for low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded burst transmissions, which combines a conventional pilots-assisted frame synchronization algorithm and a code-aided algorithm based on the mean magnitude of the soft outputs from the LDPC decoder. With moderate computational complexity, the proposed algorithm is more efficient in bandwidth than conventional pilots-assisted algorithms. When compared with other code-aided algorithms, the proposed algorithm offers a better trade-off between complexity and performance. Simulation results in the case of an 8-PSK system with (1944, 972) LDPC code show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a performance equivalent to that of the perfect frame synchronization, with a bandwidth efficiency loss of 0.06 dB due to the use of pilot symbols.

To Each His God: an Upanishadic Approach to Religion

Vedanta refrains from giving God any name, singular or plural. If ever Vedanta has to refer to the God, it refers to it as Tat, meaning “That,” the one which is beyond our perceptions. By not associating it with any form and name, it has made That independent of gender. That is neither a male nor a female, less of all a Hindu, a Muslim, or a Christian. If ever That must be called by a name, it has been called so as the Brahman or Paramatman, the Supreme Self. As matter is the continuum of the space, so is the atman (self), a continuum of the Paramatman. The trilogy of space, energy, and time has been referred to as the Paramatman, Parashakti, and Parabrahman in Vedanta. What space is to science or infinity to mathematics, Brahman is to Vedanta. It is the same as the shoonya of the Buddhists or ether of Aristotle. The Brahman thus conceived by Vedanta is well defined and yet totally unidentified, thereby making it convenient for all to conceive That in one’s own unique way. Thus, Vedanta presents us with a perfect picture frame and leaves it onto us to slip in the desired photograph.

SWOT Analysis and Research on the Informatization Application Model of the Agricultural Industry Cluster

The informatization of agricultural industry cluster promotes agricultural modernization. However, agricultural industry cluster in China has no real use of modern information technology. It does not form a rational application system and perfect frame structure, and also it has not reached in the true sense of "industrial clusters", further it influences the competitiveness of agricultural regional economy and the individual as a whole. We mainly study the model of agricultural industrial cluster information, combined with the realistic version of the "happy farm", by reference to the network of food pattern, to establish urban modern agriculture Demonstration Park. By SWOT analysis of the construction of the information platform model, we find out that information of agriculture ecological park to solve the main problems, the overall framework of information technology services of public building agricultural cluster model, focus on building the application function module of the realistic version of the "happy farm".

Yet another patch construction for continuous frames and connections to the Fell compactification

It has been shown that the category of stably locally continuous frames and perfect frame homomorphisms reflects into the subcategory of continuous regular frames. The reflection functor is the patch frame construction, which has the following properties: For any stably locally continuous frame L and any regular frame M, a perfect frame homomorphism L → M factors uniquely through the patch frame of L. Furthermore, the patch is the universal solution to the problem of transforming the way–below relation into the well–inside relation. In this paper, we extend these results to the larger class of continuous frames, retaining functoriality and the universal properties, but at the price of sacrificing the reflection. We show that our patch construction can be obtained as a pushout involving the Fell compactification.

When does an imperfect sampling frame produce more efficient estimators than a perfect frame?

The issue of when imperfect sampling frames can result in more efficient estimators of population totals than perfect frames is explored. Our analysis is based on an expression we call the difference score. We show how, when properly expanded it provides an illuminating basis for comparing a weighted estimator under an imperfect frame with that of a conventional estimator assuming the frame has been corrected. Specifically, the circumstances (i.e., population and frame characteristics) under which an imperfect frame results in estimates of population totals that are more precise than those from a perfect frame can in many cases be discerned by analytically examining the terms in the expansion of this difference score. In addition, a classification tree methodology was used to further explore circumstances under which imperfect frames result in more precise estimators. The results of this analytical study complement, strengthen, and in many cases explain those discovered in an earlier empirical investigation that lead to recommendations as to when to correct a frame or when to adjust for imperfection using a weighting methodology called the arc weight estimator.

Legal Problems of Restitution of Cultural Objects (Vienna, Austria, October 12, 2007)

The Austrian Federal Ministry of Unterricht, Kunst und Kultur in Vienna offered the perfect frame for the symposium “Rechtsfragen der Restitution von Kulturgut” on October 12, 2007. Under the direction of Gerte Reichelt, member of the Institut für Kunst und Recht (IFKUR) advisory board, the Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Europarecht dedicated this day for the UNESCO convention in 1970 and the UNIDROIT convention in 1995.

Algunos “mitos” sobre España en la narrativa histórica del exilio alemán. Dos novelas de Lion Feuchtwanger

El presente trabajo trata de poner de manifiesto cómo la imagen de España que se presenta en la narrativa histórica en lengua alemana durante el periodo del exilio está falseada en muchos aspectos debido, por un lado, al desconocimiento de los autores del contexto en el que insertan sus obras, así como a los propios intereses de los autores en sí a la hora de elaborar la trama. A través de las dos novelas de tema español de Lion euchtwanger, Die Jüdin von Toledo y Goya, se analiza el interés específico que el marco de la península ibérica ofrecía al autor para construir los escenarios de ambas obras en relación con el momento histórico que estaba viviendo Alemania, así como los motivos e imágenes que, en ambas novelas, falsean la realidad española de dos periodos muy singulares de su historia.

A new variant of dual-record population estimation with an application in remote indigenous communities

Dual-record system methods are commonly used as a basis for population estimation. A basic assumption is that the units sampled are drawn only from the population to be estimated. This assumption cannot be met for remote Indigenous communities in Australia. A new variant of dual-record population estimation is presented, which relies on the availability of specific additional information to relax the assumption of perfect frame specification. This variant is applied to two remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory of Australia, using locally available data sources. Further theoretical exploration of this method is presented along with possible applications in estimating area-enumerated populations and census coverage.

Asymptotic-Numerical Method to Analyze the Postbuckling Behavior, Imperfection-Sensitivity, and Mode Interaction in Frames

The paper presents the formulation and illustrates the application of an asymptotic-numerical (semianalytical) method to analyze the geometrically nonlinear behavior of plane frames. The method adopts an “internally constrained” beam model and involves two distinct procedures: (1) an asymptotic analysis, which employs a perturbation technique to establish a sequence of systems of equilibrium differential equations and boundary conditions, and (2) the successive numerical solution of such systems, by means of the finite element method. This method can be applied to investigate the behavior of frames with arbitrarily complex configurations (member number and orientation) and leads to the determination of analytical expressions which provide: (1) the initial postbuckling behavior of perfect frames and (2) the nonlinear equilibrium paths of frames containing small initial imperfections or acted by primary bending moments, including the influence of eventual buckling mode interaction phenomena. In order to val...

Effect of geometrical factors on stability characteristics of portal frames

Abstract This paper is concerned with the effect of slanting the columns and changing the ratio of the member lengths on the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of portal frames. Two types of structures are considered: hinged- and rigid-base frames, each type subjected to two loading patterns. In the first pattern (perfect loading), equal vertical loads are applied to the nodes. The second pattern (imperfect loading) consists of the same vertical loads and, additionally, of a horizontal nodal force. Numerical results are presented that show the beneficial effect of slanting the columns by negative angles (i.e. clockwise for the left-hand column and anticlockwise for the right-hand one), and the degrading effect of slanting the columns by positive angles. The effect has been observed both in perfect frames and in the frames subjected to imperfect loading. The paper considers also the effect of the frame geometry on the structure's sensitivity to imperfections. The imperfection sensitivity analysis of the ...

The effect of various parameters on the nonlinear sway-buckling of a three-bar frame

In this investigation the postbuckling response of an unbraced rectangular three-bar frame subjected to a vertical concentrated load at its joint is discussed on the basis of an energy (variational) approach and nonlinear kinematic relations. It is found that the sway-buckling mode of the perfect frame is associated with a symmetric unstable bifurcation point which degenerates into a limit point when small initial imperfections are present. The effects of loading eccentricity, slenderness ratio, moment of inertia and length ratios on the carrying load capacity of the frame are fully assessed.