Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Research Articles

Switching the sign of the Casimir force between two perfect electromagnetic conductor spheres

Switching the sign of the Casimir force between two perfect electromagnetic conductor spheres

Diffraction of a pseudo nondiffracting Bessel beam by a circular perfect electromagnetic conductor disk.

This study examined the diffraction of a pseudo nondiffracting Bessel beam by a perfect electromagnetic disk. The geometric optics beam waves were written from the geometry of the problem and related boundary conditions. The diffracted beam waves were derived by utilizing the relation between geometric optics and diffracted waves at the transition boundaries, considering the high frequency asymptotic expression of the scattered wave. The uniform scattered beam waves were expressed in terms of Fresnel functions with the uniform geometrical theory of the diffraction method. Thus, finite magnitudes were read at the transition boundaries. Finally, the obtained uniform expressions were investigated numerically for different groups of parameters.

Analysis of Scattering characteristics of PEMC sphere by vortex Bessel beams

Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) is well known to analyze the scattering characteristics of spherical surfaces and metamaterials such as perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere. Also, metamaterials are explored very well when illuminated by electromagnetic waves/beams and their characteristics depend upon propagation and scattering response. So, in this manuscript, vortex Bessel beam (VBB) interaction from PEMC sphere has been investigated. The VBB interaction with material particles is of quite interesting due to association of orbital angular momentum (OAM) with them. By employing the Integral localized approximation (ILA) method, the beam‐shape coefficients (BSCs) regarding VBB are obtained. Computations for the scattering efficiency QSca and extinction efficiency QExt for PEMC sphere by considering the co‐polarized and cross‐polarized scattering components are presented and analyzed. Moreover, the influences of OAM mode number, electromagnetic admittance parameter, and diffraction angle are discussed. Numerical results have applications regarding transfer of OAM of VBB to PEMC sphere and associated applications in light manipulation and scattering, optical tweezers, metamaterial fields, and remote sensing.

Interplay between chiral media and perfect electromagnetic conductor plates: Repulsive vs. attractive Casimir force transitions

We determine the Casimir energies and forces in a variety of potentially experimentally viable setups, consisting of parallel plates made of perfect electromagnetic conductors (PEMCs), which generalize perfect electric conductors (PECs) and perfect magnetic conductors (PMCs), and Weyl semimetals (WSMs). Where comparison is possible, our results agree with the Casimir forces calculated elsewhere in the literature, albeit with different methods. We find a multitude of known but also new cases where repulsive Casimir forces are in principle possible, but restricting the setup to PECs combined with the aforementioned WSM geometry, results in purely attractive Casimir forces.

Scattering characteristics of a perfect electromagnetic conducting cylindrical object covered with a general Bi-isotropic layer

Abstract An analytic theory has been developed for the scattering of electromagnetic plane wave from a perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) cylindrical object coated with a general bi-isotropic (BI) material. The proposed problem has been solved using cylindrical vector wave function expansion approach along with the application of tangential boundary conditions. Analytic expressions of the scattering coefficients have been derived in their simplest forms. It is seen that by proper selection of admittance of PEMC core, electromagnetic parameters of BI coating, and coating thickness, one can optimize the scattering characteristics for specific applications. It is shown that the specific types of BI and strong chiral-coated PEMC cylinders having certain coating thicknesses can be used to significantly enhance the co-polarized forward scattering while keeping the cross-polarized forward scattering very small. Such types of enhanced co-polarized forward scattering are preferred in point-to-point communication. Some interesting features have been discussed where co-polarized and cross-polarized backscattering may be suppressed, which find applications in radar engineering problems and stealth technology.

Analysis of light scattering of a Gaussian beam by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere

Analysis of light scattering of a Gaussian beam by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere

Electromagnetic wave propagation in a chiroplasma-filled elliptical waveguide, bounded by a perfect electromagnetic conductor.

This work presents electromagnetic wave propagation in the elliptical waveguides filled with chiroplasma core and an outer perfect electromagnetic conductor boundary. The electromagnetic fields were theoretically examined. The hybrid modes' dispersion relations and power flux density were calculated considering appropriate boundary conditions, and their behaviors were numerically and graphically studied. The effects of the plasma frequency, the cyclotron frequency, the chirality parameter, and the perfect electromagnetic conductor admittance parameter were investigated for the cutoff frequency. Different modes were considered, and the dispersion relation was plotted and studied for each case. It was shown that the cutoff frequency changes with the change of various parameters such as the plasma and cyclotron frequencies, the chirality parameter, and the perfect electromagnetic conductor admittance parameter. In addition, it was shown that for the considered mode, when the plasma or cyclotron frequencies increase, the values of correspond cutoff frequencies have higher or lower values, respectively. Higher values of the perfect electromagnetic conductor admittance parameter or the chirality admittance parameter yield lower or higher cutoff frequencies of the modes, respectively.

Correction: Laguerre–Gaussian Beam Scattering by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC) Sphere

Correction: Laguerre–Gaussian Beam Scattering by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC) Sphere

Laguerre–Gaussian beam interaction by a metamaterial coated perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder

Laguerre–Gaussian beam interaction by a metamaterial coated perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder

Dyadic Green’s Function of Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Rectangular Waveguides and Cavities

In this article, we present the dyadic Green’s functions (DGFs) for electric dipole excitation of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) rectangular waveguides and cavities. To derive the DGFs of a PEMC rectangular waveguide, we define two sets of orthogonal vector wave functions, that satisfy the boundary conditions at the waveguide walls. The theory of finding the DGF of this waveguide is based on the Ohm-Rayleigh method and orthogonal properties of the rectangular vector wave functions. By having the DGFs of this waveguide, one can derive the DGFs of a PEMC rectangular cavity using the scattering superposition (SSP) principle. The derived electric DGF of this waveguide is used to obtain the electric field propagated inside the waveguide due to an arbitrary current distribution. The distribution of the electric field inside the PEC, PMC, and PEMC waveguides will be obtained and compared with each other.

Laguerre–Gaussian Beam Scattering by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC) Sphere

Laguerre–Gaussian Beam Scattering by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC) Sphere

Electromagnetic Radiation Force of Vortex Electromagnetic wave exerted on a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) Sphere

In this manuscript, the electromagnetic (EM) radiation force (RF) exerted on a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere by a vortex electromagnetic (VEM) wave with spiral phase distribution had been investigated. The analytical formulation of EM fields is being done in the framework of Mie theory, while the field expressions are being modeled considering the features of VEM wave for PEMC sphere. Initially, the incident field coefficients are evaluated using definite integrals. The scattering coefficients are then determined by imposing boundary conditions at the surface of PEMC sphere i.e., at 𝑟=𝑎, leading to a linear system of equations computed via solving matrix. So, a lengthy calculation yields undetermined scattered field coefficients relative to incident field coefficients. The cross-section (𝑄) factors i.e., scattering (𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎) and extinction (𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡) have been computed. The influence of sphere size parameter (𝜌) and beam waist radius (𝑤0) versus scattering angle (𝛼°) for the RF along with 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 has been numerically analyzed. As no loss of energy occurs inside PEMC sphere so absorption ((𝑄𝑎𝑏𝑠)=0), by virtue of the energy conservation principle then, 𝑄𝑒𝑥𝑡=𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎. Under specific condition, we implemented present results on 𝑄𝑠𝑐𝑎 towards light without orbital angular momentum (OAM) i.e., (𝑙=0) and plane wave for the PEMC sphere. The research work has potential applications towards particle manipulation, optical technology, and optical tweezers.

Radar Cross Section (RCS) of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder by a Laguerre–Gaussian beam

Radar Cross Section (RCS) of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder using an incident Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam has been investigated. LG beam potential function is used to expand the incident and scattered electromagnetic (EM) field components. The co- and cross-polarized scattered field coefficients are determined by applying the PEMC boundary conditions at the interface i.e., 𝑟=𝑎. The obtained values for co- and cross-polarized scattered field components would be helpful to find out the scattered field distribution. A comparison of our results for PEMC and PMC for fundamental LG beam with beam mode 𝑝=0, 𝑙=0, i.e., 𝐿𝐺00 match with the gaussian beam scattering as witnessed in published work. The effects of OAM mode index (𝑙), beam waist radius (𝑤0), and PEMC cylinder radius on RCS have been analyzed.

Diffraction by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Half-Plane in an Anisotropic Plasma: An Integral Theory Approach

The diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) semi-infinite sheet which is embedded in an anisotropic medium is examined. The anisotropic region is modeled by a dielectric matrix. The external uniform magnetic field is taken as parallel to the edge of the semi-infinite sheet. Upon considering the H-polarized incident wave, the total scattered fields are obtained with the diffracted waves by using an integral theory which is associated with the scattered fields. The results are expressed in terms of the Fresnel functions. Thus, the wave behaviors at the transition boundaries are uniform. The solutions are compared numerically with the literature including limit values.

Scattering of arbitrary-shaped optical polarized beams by a PEMC sphere

The generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) for a laser beam of arbitrary shape illuminating a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere is presented. Making use of the vector angular spectrum decomposition method (VASDM), and the multipole expansion method (MEM), in which any beam is expressed in terms of vector spherical wave functions (VSWFs) and beam shape coefficients (BSCs), the BSCs are obtained and expressed by a vector angular spectrum. The incident and scattering waves are expanded using VSWFs. A relation between the coefficients of the scattering fields and the BSCs of the incident beam is established considering the appropriate boundary conditions at the surface of the PEMC sphere. Expressions for the extinction, scattering, and absorption cross-sections are derived and computed. By isolating the co-polarization and cross-polarization components of the scattering coefficients, individual expressions of these physical quantities are also provided. Considering the vector Bessel and Airy polarized beams as examples, the total electric field intensity, scattering cross-section and its co-polarized and cross-polarized components are numerically computed and discussed. The effects of beam polarization, size parameter of the sphere, the admittance M, and beam parameters are analyzed. It has been found that the intensity and distribution of the total (incident + scattered) electric field intensity in the transverse (yz) plane depends on the incident beam characteristics and its polarization states. As the dimensionless size ka increases, the amplitude of the scattering cross-section increases and then decreases as ka increases. As the admittance parameter M changes, there are different characteristics if the incident beam is different. Nonetheless, there is a common behavior that the trend of the co-polarized component of the scattering cross-section decreases first and then increases regardless of the beam and its polarization state. When it comes to the trend of the cross-polarized component versus M, it is opposite to that of the co-polarized component. A few resonance peaks are manifested in the plots when the incident beam is radially or azimuthally polarized. The results may have promising applications in scattering, particle manipulation, optical trapping, and other related researches dealing with a sphere exhibiting rotary polarization.

Scattering of Laguerre–Gaussian beam from a chiral-coated perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder

Scattering of Laguerre–Gaussian beam from a chiral-coated perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder

Orbital angular momentum wave scattering from perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere

We studied the orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave scattering by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) sphere using Mie Theory. The Vortex Electromagnetic (VEM) wave is well known with a definite amount of OAM. To obtain the OAM wave scattering from PEMC sphere, the conventional plane wave scattering from PEMC sphere expressions are modified by taking into account the characteristics of OAM waves. The unique properties of analytical expression of OAM fields are analyzed, and the scattered field coefficients in terms of incident field coefficients were obtained using boundary conditions. The comparison between conventional scattering for plane wave and OAM wave from PEMC sphere had been carried out. The presented work provides a theoretical insight for the calculation of Radar Cross Section (RCS) by metamaterial as PEMC sphere and identification applications of light carrying OAM in optical manipulation technology.

Electromagnetic scattering of the PEMC strip located at the interface of topological insulator-dielectric by utilizing Kobayashi potential method

The scattering of electromagnetic wave by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) strip is investigated in this article. The strip is located at the interface of semi-finite topological insulator (TI) and a dielectric. Kobayashi potential (KP) method is a fast semi-analytical approach that is applied to proposed structure. In KP, unknown weighting functions are employed to customize the scattered fields’ expressions in order to transform some of the boundary conditions to the Weber–Schafheitlin integrals, which can satisfy boundary and some of the edge conditions simultaneously. Moreover, Jacobi polynomials are used to simplify formulations and model the edge condition. The rapid rate of convergence and acceptable level of error in the proposed approach is analyzed profoundly. Furthermore, validation of the solution is investigated by comparing results with physical optics (PO) and method of moment (MoM) results. Radar cross-section (RCS) and its variation versus some crucial parameters are investigated and represented as final results.

Modified Theory of Physical Optics Approach to Diffraction by an Interface between PEMC and Absorbing Half-Planes

The scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by an interface, located between perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing half-planes is investigated. The perfect electromagnetic conductor half-plane is divided into perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor half-screens. The same decomposition is done for the absorbing surface. Then four separate geometries are defined according to this approach. The scattered fields by the four sub-problems are obtained with the aid of the modified theory of physical optics. The resultant scattering integrals are combined in a single expression by using key formulas, defined for the perfect electromagnetic conductor and absorbing surfaces. The scattering integral is asymptotically evaluated for large values of the wave-number and the diffracted and geometric optics fields are obtained. The behaviors of the derived field expressions are analyzed numerically.

Diffraction of waves by a planar junction of impedance and perfect electromagnetic conductor half-planes

In this study, diffraction of waves by a planar junction between impedance and perfect electromagnetic conductor half-planes is investigated. The method of transition boundary is used for the solution of the problem. The diffracted wave expressions are expressed in terms of the Fresnel functions by using the uniform theory of diffraction method. Thus, finite magnitudes are obtained at the transition regions and the results are analyzed numerically for different set of parameters.