Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor Boundary Research Articles

Radar Cross Section (RCS) of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder by a Laguerre–Gaussian beam

Radar Cross Section (RCS) of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) cylinder using an incident Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam has been investigated. LG beam potential function is used to expand the incident and scattered electromagnetic (EM) field components. The co- and cross-polarized scattered field coefficients are determined by applying the PEMC boundary conditions at the interface i.e., 𝑟=𝑎. The obtained values for co- and cross-polarized scattered field components would be helpful to find out the scattered field distribution. A comparison of our results for PEMC and PMC for fundamental LG beam with beam mode 𝑝=0, 𝑙=0, i.e., 𝐿𝐺00 match with the gaussian beam scattering as witnessed in published work. The effects of OAM mode index (𝑙), beam waist radius (𝑤0), and PEMC cylinder radius on RCS have been analyzed.

Locally Strong-Coupled Microwave Resonator Using PEMC Boundary for Distant Sensing Applications

This research study reports on a new coupling structure to demonstrate a constant coupling strength for longer distances in planar microwave sensors. It is shown that there is a positive correlation between the gap size in a pair of gap-coupled transmission lines (GCTLs) and the effective distance of reader and sensing resonators in a planar microwave sensor. On the other hand, the coupling strength in a pair of GCTLs is negatively correlated to the gap size between the two lines, where the larger gap sizes result in weaker coupling strength or vice versa. A technique is introduced to make the coupling strength partially independent of the gap size in GCTLs. The technique enables a sensor designer to increase the gap size, and subsequently, the distance between the reader and sensing resonators of a sensor. Strong electromagnetic coupling is locally demonstrated between a pair of GCTLs using a new artificial perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) boundary, which does not allow electromagnetic power reflect toward the source over larger gap sizes in GCTLs. The concept is experimentally verified with a gap size up to 10 mm between GCTLs with a constantly measured insertion loss of 0.9 dB. Moreover, the structure is employed to design distant microwave resonator for humidity sensing applications. The design has demonstrated the ability of sensing, while the sensing resonator is placed at 35-mm distance from the readout circuitry. The structure is reported to increase the sensing distance with a ratio of about 12 (36:3) compared to the conventional microwave sensors.

Point source diffraction from a semi-infinite perfect electromagnetic conductor half plane

The Wiener-Hopf (WH) technique is employed to study the problem of spherical wave diffraction (emanating due to a point source) from a semi-infinite perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) half plane. The importance of the PEMC solution is due to the fact that: (i) it is the generalization of both perfect electric conductor (PEC) solution and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) solution, (ii) the reflected electromagnetic wave from a PEMC boundary has cross polarized component in addition to the co-polarized component. Some graphs showing the effects of various parameters on the diffracted field are plotted and discussed.

Reflection From Stratified Media Backed by a Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC)

Perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) boundary is a generalization of both PEC and PMC boundaries, creating nonreciprocal reflection which could be cross-polarized with respect to the incident wave. In this communication, reflection from a stratified medium, backed by a PEMC boundary due to an oblique incident plane wave is calculated analytically. In general, the medium is considered as N layers of frequency dispersive bianisotropic media. Applying the PEMC boundary condition, the reflection dyadic is computed using the notion of propagators and wave-splitting technique. The method is validated through deriving the reflection dyadics of a plane wave from 1) PEC-backed stratified medium and 2) a PEMC-free space interface whose analytical expressions exist. Furthermore, few numerical examples illustrating the method as well as its applications are provided.

REALIZATION OF THE PERFECT ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTOR CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

In this paper, an analytical solution is investigated for the two-dimensional problem of electromagnetic scattering of a line source from a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) circular cylinder coated with an anisotropic media. In the anisotropic region, the relative permittivity and permeability tensors, when referred to principal axes (ρ, φ, z), are biaxial and diagonal. It is demonstrated that the relations of electromagnetic field vectors in anisotropic medium is equal to a PEMC boundary conditions when the parameters of the anisotropic region are chosen in an appropriate manner. Therefore, this region can act as a PEMC cylinder.

DESIGN OF A PERFECT ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTOR (PEMC) BOUNDARY BY USING PERIODIC PATCHES

Perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) is a novel concept in electromagnetic flelds of interesting properties and many potential applications. This paper introduces a new technique to design an artiflcial surface that has equivalent PEMC properties. The proposed PEMC boundary is based on a periodic structure composed of two conducting patches on a grounded dielectric slab. One of them is embedded inside the substrate and the other lies on the surface of the substrate. A conducting via is used to connect the two patches. In the resulting PEMC boundary, the polarization of the re∞ected wave is controlled by the tilting angle between the two patches.

Symmetrical Properties of Dyadic Green's Functions for Mixed Boundary Conditions and Integral Representations of the Electric Fields for Problems Involving a PEMC

Perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) is a recently introduced fundamental medium in which certain linear combinations of electromagnetic fields are required to vanish. Since electric and magnetic dyadic Green's functions are required to satisfy dyadic mixed boundary conditions on PEMC surface, it is necessary to develop a new classification of electric and magnetic dyadic Green's functions based on a parameter M of a PEMC boundary. This classification, while including dyadic Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, should be general as well. In this paper, a new classification of dyadic Green's functions is introduced and symmetrical properties of these functions are presented. Furthermore, integral representations of electric fields in problems of two isotropic media involving a PEMC are derived. Finally, using symmetrical properties of the dyadic Green's functions, the expressions for electric fields are proposed in an appropriate integral form in terms of volume currents and electric and magnetic fields on apertures.

Perfect electromagnetic conductor medium

AbstractThis article presents a review of a novel concept in electromagnetics, the Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC). In the Minkowskian representation of the material response to electromagnetic fields, PEMC corresponds to the axion part of the constitutive tensor. From the electrical engineering point of view, PEMC is a generalization of the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) materials which are useful concepts as ideal boundaries in the modeling of electromagnetic problems. PEMC is characterized by a pseudoscalar, admittance‐type parameter M, with limits 1/M → (PEC) and M → (PMC). This paper discusses how the PECM medium as a boundary or in particulate form generalizes earlier known electromagnetic problems (reflection, scattering, materials modeling, waveguides, resonators, image principles). The main effect of PEMC boundary is to rotate the polarization plane of the reflected electric field vector. Also practical realization aspects of a PEMC medium are discussed in the paper.

Perfect electromagnetic conductor medium

This article presents a review of a novel concept in electromagnetics, the Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor (PEMC). In the Minkowskian representation of the material response to electromagnetic fields, PEMC corresponds to the axion part of the constitutive tensor. From the electrical engineering point of view, PEMC is a generalization of the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) materials which are useful concepts as ideal boundaries in the modeling of electromagnetic problems. PEMC is characterized by a pseudoscalar, admittance-type parameter M, with limits 1/M (PEC) and M (PMC). This paper discusses how the PECM medium as a boundary or in particulate form generalizes earlier known electromagnetic problems (reflection, scattering, materials modeling, waveguides, resonators, image principles). The main effect of PEMC boundary is to rotate the polarization plane of the reflected electric field vector. Also practical realization aspects of a PEMC medium are discussed in the paper.

Losses in the PEMC Boundary

Perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) was recently introduced to generalize both the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and the perfect magnetic conductor (PMC), which are used as boundary material. In this paper, an extension of PEMC boundary conditions is made to a more realistic model with small losses ("good electromagnetic conductor"). It is shown that the antisymmetric boundary impedance dyadic defining the ideal PEMC boundary cannot alone carry any losses and a symmetric component must be added that actually dominates the lossy behavior of the boundary. As an example, a slab of low-loss gyrotropic wave-guiding material is studied and shown to represent the lossy counterpart of the PEMC boundary. The effect of losses is demonstrated by considering plane-wave reflection from an imperfect PEMC plane

Realization of the PEMC boundary

Perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) is a nonreciprocal generalization of both the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and the perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). Because PEMC does not allow electromagnetic energy to enter, it can serve as boundary material. Possibilities for the realization of a PEMC boundary are studied in terms of a layer of certain nonreciprocal materials resting on a PEC plane. It is shown that the parameters of a bi-isotropic or a gyrotropically anisotropic medium can be chosen so that the interface of the layer acts as a PEMC boundary to normally incident waves. After a modification of medium parameters, the same is shown to be asymptotically valid for arbitrary plane waves. A structure for the realization of such a boundary is suggested.