Percutaneous Drainage Research Articles

Postinsertion Management of Cholecystostomy Tubes for Acute Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review

Background: Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGD) is indicated to treat high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Trends suggest increasing use of PGD over time as the population ages and lives longer with multiple comorbidities. There is no consensus on the management of cholecystostomies tube once inserted. This review aims to synthesize and describe the most common protocols in terms of the need and timing of follow-up imaging, management of a destination tube, timing of tube removal, and optimal interval time from tube positioning to delayed cholecystectomy. Methods: The study protocol has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews–PROSPERO. Studies on adult patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis who underwent a PGD from 2000 to November 2023 were included. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. The quality assessment tools provided by the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) were applied and descriptive statistics were performed. Results: We included 22,349 patients from 94 studies with overall fair quality (6 prospective and 88 retrospective). In 92.7% of papers, the authors checked by imaging all patients with a PGD (41 studies included). Depending on protocol time, 30% of studies performed imaging within the first 2 weeks and 35% before tube removal (40 studies included). In the case of a destination tube, 56% of studies reported removing the tube (25 studies included). In the case of tube removal, the mean time after insertion was more than 4 weeks in 24 of the 33 included studies (73%). Interval cholecystectomies are more frequently performed after 5 weeks from PGD (32/38 included studies, 84%). Limitations included high clinical heterogeneity and prevalent retrospective studies. Conclusions: A standard management for percutaneous cholecystostomy after insertion is difficult to define based on existing evidence, and currently we can only rely on the most common existing protocols.

Urgent Versus Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Following Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Drainage for Moderate Acute Cholecystitis: A Meta-Analysis

Background There is still controversy regarding the treatment strategy for moderate acute cholecystitis (AC). Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) followed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has shown advantages compared to emergency LC (ELC). However, the results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted this updated meta-analysis to clarify this issue. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies comparing the PTGBD + LC and ELC for moderate AC was performed. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata. Results A total of 14 studies were included. The pooled analysis revealed that PTGBD + LC group had a shorter operation time (SMD = −1.07, 95%CI = −1.19 to −0.95), lower amount of intraoperative bleeding (SMD = −0.93, 95%CI = −1.07 to −0.79), lower conversion rate (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.17-0.44), lower postoperative complications (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23-0.88) shorter postoperative hospital stay (SMD = −1.20, 95%CI = −1.33 to −1.07), lower wound infection rate (OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.23-0.74) and higher hospitalization expenses (SMD = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.96 to 1.29) compared with ELC group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bile leak, bile duct injury and total hospital stay. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that PTGBD + LC has significant advantages over ELC for moderate AC patients, including lower surgical difficulty, lower conversion rate, fewer postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay.

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis

With technological advances in endoscopic ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) was introduced as a treatment option for acute cholecystitis. Recently, new studies have emerged, suggesting that EUS‐GBD has a lower adverse event rate and reintervention rate, when compared to percutaneous drainage and endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage. There is growing interest in the different technical aspects of EUS‐GBD, such as the puncture approach, choice of stents, and long‐term management. There are also cohorts on performing EUS‐GBD in potential surgical candidates. This review article gathers the latest evidence on EUS‐GBD, including its indications, procedural techniques, choice of equipment, outcomes, postprocedural care, and the controversial extended indications.

A Case of Pott’s Disease Complicated by Tuberculous Meningitis and Psoas Abscess Diagnosed by Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Drainage

A Case of Pott’s Disease Complicated by Tuberculous Meningitis and Psoas Abscess Diagnosed by Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Drainage

Late onset of biliopleural fistula following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: a case report

Late onset of biliopleural fistula following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: a case report

Abstract 4120573: Abrupt cardiac rupture of the patient with ATTR amyloidosis

A Japanese male in his 80s was admitted to our emergency department with chest pain. His prior history was syncope and ventricular tachycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed thickening of the basal part of the antero-septal wall and thinning of the basal part of the inferior wall. Coronary angiography (CAG), cardiac MRI and blood test revealed no specific abnormalities. The day before his emergency admission, he visited the cardiology outpatient department for a periodic examination of cardiac hypertrophy. ECG, chest X-ray, and TTE were unchanged from his prior examination. However, that night, he experienced chest pain and was transferred to our hospital. On arrival, his vital signs were critical, with a blood pressure of 70/59 mmHg. ECG indicated ST elevation in antero-lateral leads. TTE detected pericardial effusion, and contrast-enhanced CT identified two focal areas of non-enhancement in the myocardium and pericardial effusion without signs of aortic dissection. CAG revealed no significant stenosis or obstructive lesion. During coronary angiography, the patient deteriorated to asystole. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and percutaneous pericardial drainage were initiated. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion was aspirated. Immediate surgical hemostasis was undergone, revealing about 2 cm lacerations and hematoma in the anterior and inferior wall. After surgery, he complained of abdominal discomfort. Esophageal gastrointestinal endoscopy was undergone to investigate the abdominal discomfort, and he was diagnosed with early gastric cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was undergone, and histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma and eosinophilic amorphous materials deposited in the submucosal vessels. Congo red staining of the submucosal vessels revealed orange-red areas. A technetium-99m pyrophosphatase scintigraphy showed Grade 2 uptake in the heart. Transthyretin (TTR) staining was positive in the specimen from ESD, leading to a diagnosis of TTR amyloidosis. Genetic test for TTR was negative, which led to a diagnosis of wild-type TTR amyloidosis and tafamidis was started. In cases of acute pericardial effusion and/or cardiac rupture, it is imperative to consider cardiac amyloidosis as a potential etiology, in addition to myocardial infarction and aortic dissection, especially in patients with left ventricular wall thickening, neuropathy, or abnormal ECG, also known as “red flag”.

Human Cystic Echinococcosis Treated with Individualised Homoeopathy—A Case Report

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is a chronic, complex and neglected disease caused by the larval form of cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The liver is the most frequently parasitised organ in humans. Percutaneous drainage, systemic chemotherapy and surgery are the therapies available for hydatid cyst treatment where the risks associated with invasive procedures may be particularly high. Therefore, homoeopathic individualised treatment can be a better approach to treating cases of hydatid cysts without any side effects and risks. In the presented case, the patient received homoeopathic medicine Magnesium muriaticum based on individualisation and Medorrhinum as an intercurrent medicine. The homoeopathic treatment resulted in an overall improvement in the health of the patient. Serial ultrasounds also showed a reduction in the cyst size. This case highlights the fact that homoeopathy can be a plausible alternative to conventional treatment like surgery in cases of hydatid cysts along with improvement in the quality of life of patients as represented by EQ-5D-5L. The Modified Naranjo Criteria explicitly depict the potential causal relationship between the treatment and observed changes.

Postoperative groin lymphocele: an overview of old and new therapeutical strategies

Lymphatic complications (lymphoma and lymphorrae) following vascular access or interventions in the groin are frequently benign but may increase the risk of wound infection, need for reintervention, and prolong the length of the hospital stay. Several management strategies have been developed so far, including percutaneous drainage, chemical sclerotherapy, and surgery, but a validated treatment algorithm has yet to be established in the current literature. In this paper, the authors investigated the indications and outcomes of currently available strategies for treating groin lymphocele following surgical dissection of the femoral vessels and suggested an algorithm for treating this potentially severe complication.

Biodegradable Stents: A Breakthrough in the Management of Complex Biliary Tract Injuries: A Case Report

Background and Clinical Significance: Biliary tract injuries are a recognized complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial to minimize complications such as bile leaks, strictures, and fistula formation. This case report highlights the use of a biodegradable biliary stent in managing a complex biliary injury and discusses the impact of delayed diagnosis on treatment outcomes. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 30-year-old male who sustained a Strasberg E2 biliary tract injury during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Initially misdiagnosed, the injury was only recognized on the fourth postoperative day. The patient underwent a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and subsequently developed a postoperative biliary fistula, which was managed with percutaneous drainage. A biodegradable biliary stent was later placed to address a stricture and minimize the need for future interventions. One year later, the patient presented with symptoms of cholangitis, and radiological findings revealed a narrowing of the biliary lumen. The stricture was resolved and an endoscopic gastrojejunal shunt was placed to prevent further complications. The patient is currently in good condition with no signs of further complications. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in managing biliary tract injuries and highlights the potential of biodegradable stents to reduce the need for repeat interventions. Despite a delayed diagnosis necessitating complex surgical procedures, the use of a biodegradable stent proved effective in managing postoperative complications. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of biodegradable stents in similar clinical scenarios.

Ideal outcome post-pancreatoduodenectomy: a comprehensive healthcare system analysis.

Indicators, such as mortality and complications, are commonly used to measure the quality of care. However, a more comprehensive assessment of surgical quality is captured using composite outcome measures such as Textbook Outcome (TO), Optimal Pancreatic Surgery, and a newer 'Ideal Outcome' (IO) measure. We reviewed our institutional experience to assess the impact of demographics, comorbidities, and operative variables on IO after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). A retrospective study was conducted on PD patients at Northwell Health between 2009 and 2023. IO was determined by the absence of six adverse outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, Clavien-Dindo ≥ III complications, clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, reoperation, hospital stay > 75th percentile, and readmission within 30 days. Logistic regression analyzed the effects of various factors on achieving IO. Of the 578 patients who underwent PD, 248 (42.91%) achieved the IO. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased odds of achieving IO included neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.62) and the presence of neuroendocrine tumors (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.35-8.41). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.80) and older age (≥ 70 years) (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.74) were associated with decreased odds of achieving IO. Patients with IO had significantly improved survival on Kaplan-Meier log-rank test (p = 0.001) as well as adjusted Cox analysis (HR 0.62 95% CI: 0.39-0.97). IO may offer a comprehensive metric for assessing PD outcomes, highlighting the impact of age, chemotherapy, biliary drainage, and tumor types. These findings suggest targeted interventions and quality improvements could enhance PD outcomes by addressing modifiable factors and refining clinical strategies.

Simultaneous prostatic and right seminal vesicle abscesses: a case report

BackgroundSynchronous abscesses of the prostate and seminal vesicles represent a rare but clinically significant form of purulent retention. They pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and are associated with considerable morbidity and a high risk of sepsis.Case presentationWe present the case of a 60-year-old Caucasian man with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who had a voluminous prostatic abscess associated with a right seminal vesicle abscess due to compression of the right ejaculatory duct, and who presented to our department with sepsis. He had clinical and radiological confirmation with computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent percutaneous drainage of the prostatic abscess resulting in the subsidence of the seminal vesicle abscess. The treatment also consisted on prolonged antibiotic therapy. The clinical evolution was favorable.ConclusionWe conclude that prostatic abscesses can lead to synchronous seminal vesicle abscesses due to ejaculatory duct compression. Percutaneous drainage of the prostatic abscess by transrectal ultrasound-guided drainage, combined with prolonged antibiotic therapy, can effectively treat both abscesses.

Clinical Results of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage With Different Hepatic Access and Methods in the Treatment of Obstructive Jaundice.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a common procedure for biliary obstruction jaundice caused by biliary tract obstruction. PTBD can be performed using external or external-internal methods, by the right or left lobe approach. However, differences in both the method used and the hepatic approach may affect success rates and complications. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the outcomes and complications of PTBD and compare them according to different methods and hepatic approaches. Patients who underwent PTBD procedures in our interventional radiology department due to benign or malignant pathologies between March 2021 and March 2024 were included in the study. The diagnoses of the patients, and total and direct bilirubin values before and after the procedure were recorded. The clinical results and the complications of PTBD were compared statistically according to the hepatic approach and method. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant factors associated with PTBD success and complications. Sixty patients were included in our study (32 men, 28 women; mean age: 67.14±13.61y). The most common indication was malignant bile duct obstruction (90%). The obstruction was mostly at the level of the common bile duct (46.7%). The success rate of PTBD was the highest with the left-side external biliary drainage approach (left-side external biliary drainage, 81.2%; right-side internal-external biliary drainage, 77.8%; right-side external biliary drainage, 69.2%; P=0.596). The complication rate was higher for right-side access (right side 15.9%, left side 12.5%, P=0.744). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PTBD success in females was 5 times higher than in males [Exp(B): 5.000, β: 1.609, P<0.05]. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that methods used, entry lobes, and entry levels did not significantly affect PTBD success and complication incidence (P>0.05). All approaches and methods used during PTBD were associated with low complications and high success rates. Nevertheless, external biliary drainage with right hepatic access has the lowest clinical success rate and a higher complication rate than the left-lobe approach. We observed that left-sided external biliary drainage was the most successful method and had fewer complications.

A rare complication after ureterorenoscopy lithotripsy: Subcapsular renal hematoma.

To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of subcapsular renal hematoma (SRH) following ureterolithotripsy. Between January 2014 and December 2023, patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy lithotripsy (URL) at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data including basic information, calculi-related indicators, and perioperative period data were collected. A Student's t-test was used for continuous data, while a Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was utilized for categorical data. A total of 2098 patients treated with URL for ureteric stones were included in this study. The incidence of SRH after URL was 0.52% (11 cases). All SRH cases were confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography, with an average patient age of 55.54 years (range 34-84). The mean stone size in patients with SRH was 10.54 cm (range 0.8-1.5). Patients with SRH had a higher proportion of severe hydronephrosis caused by ureteral stones (54.55% vs 26.07%, p = 0.032) and narrow ureters (45.45% vs 8.04%, p < 0.001) compared to those without SRH. Patients with SRH experienced a longer length of stay, with a significant difference between the two groups (11.64 ± 5.05 vs 3.87 ± 8.12, p < 0.001). Nine patients were managed conservatively without further intervention, while embolization was required in one patient and percutaneous drainage was performed in another. All SRH cases resolved completely during a 4-month follow-up. The incidence of SRH following URL is low, with severe hydronephrosis and narrow ureters identified as risk factors. Most SRH cases can be successfully managed conservatively, although patients with SRH may experience a significant prolongation of their length of stay.

Liver cyst penetration of antibiotics at the target site of infection: a randomized pharmacokinetic trial.

The EASL cystic liver disease guideline states that drug penetration at the site of infection (liver cyst) is essential for successful treatment, but pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cyst penetration are limited. This study aims to investigate tissue penetration of four antibiotics in non-infected liver cysts and explores influencing factors. We performed a prospective, randomized single-dose PK-study. Before percutaneous drainage of a non-infected liver cyst, an intravenous (IV) dose of either ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam (group 1); or co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and doxycycline (group 2) was given. Cyst fluid was collected during drainage. Blood samples were obtained before, during and after drainage (within 12 h). Drug concentrations were measured with a validated LC-MS/MS. Primary outcome was liver cyst penetration, defined as the cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio (%) expressed as median (IQR). We included 20 patients, and 21 liver cysts were drained (group 1: n = 11, group 2: n = 10). Median drained cyst volume was 700 mL. Median time between infusion and drainage was 139 min (IQR 120-188 min). Median cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio was 4.2% (IQR 1.6%-8.9%) for ciprofloxacin, 0.3% (IQR 0.0%-1.3%) for piperacillin, 0.2% (IQR 0.0%-1.3%) for tazobactam, 12.2% (IQR 6.3%-16.1%) for trimethoprim, 0.4% (IQR 0.2%-3.8%) for sulfamethoxazole and 1.6% (IQR 0.9%-2.3%) for doxycycline. Time between trimethoprim infusion and cyst drainage was correlated with increased cyst-fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio (P < 0.01). Trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin have the highest penetration ratios amongst antibiotics tested. We found that liver cyst penetration varies widely between drugs after a single IV dose. NTR8499The trial was originally registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (ID: NL7290), which was converted to the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform in 2022.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with cholestasis following liver transplantation.

Biliary strictures are among the most common complications following liver transplantation (LT). If endoscopic retrograde cholangiography fails, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) may serve as an alternative approach. Description of clinical important short- and long-term outcomes as well as outcome prediction following PTBD after LT are scarce. We analyzed outcomes of 56 liver-transplanted adults with biliary complications receiving a PTBD. We described the safety and longitudinal laboratory changes. We analyzed as endpoints, incidence of biliary complications, need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT and overall-survival at 12- and 60-months. We used simple comparison tests accordingly and performed competing risk analysis and multivariate competing risk regression as well as log-rank test and cox proportional hazard regression for further analysis. PTBD procedures had a high technical success rate (98%) and tolerable safety profile. Multiple laboratory indicators improved during follow-up (37 patients with complete biochemical follow-up). Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of present biliary strictures (Anastomotic stricture (AS): adjusted SHR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.78, p = 0.016). Need for surgical biliary revision/re-LT remained below 15%. 12-month survival was significantly better, if drainage into the small intestine was achieved at first attempt compared to completely external drainage (internal: 92.9 vs. external: 67.9%, p = 0.018). Patients with AS had a numerically higher long-term-survival and higher C-reactive-protein (CRP) and lower body-mass-index (BMI) at baseline were significantly associated with inferior short- and long-term-survival. PTBD for biliary complications following LT had a high technical success and a tolerable safety profile. Incidence of subsequent biliary complications was highly dependent on the nature of biliary strictures and increased mortality was found in patients with higher CRP, lower BMI and failure of initial PTBD internalization.

Computerized tomography features acting as predictors for invasive therapy in the management of Crohn's disease-related spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess: experience from long-term follow-up.

Decision-making in the management of Crohn's disease (CD)-related spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) is challenging. This study aims to reveal predictive factors for percutaneous drainage and/or surgery in the treatment of CD-related spontaneous IAA through long-term follow-up. Data were collected, including clinical manifestations, radiography and treatment strategies, in Chinese patients with CD-related IAA in a tertiary medical center. Univariate and Multivariate Cox analysis were conducted to identify predictors for invasive therapy. Altogether, 48 CD patients were identified as having IAA through enhanced CT scans. The median follow-up time was 45.0 (23.3, 58.0) months. 23 (47.9%) patients underwent conservative medical treatment, and 25 (52.1%) patients underwent percutaneous drainage and/or surgical intervention (invasive treatment group). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival rates without invasive treatment were 75.0%, 56.1%, and 46.1%, respectively. On univariate Cox analysis, the computerized tomography (CT) features including nonperienteric abscess (HR: 4.22, 95% CI: 1.81-9.86, p = 0.001), max abscess diameter (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02, p<0.001) and width of sinus (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10-1.46, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with invasive treatment. Nonperienteric abscess was significantly associated with invasive treatment on multivariate Cox analysis (HR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.25-7.71, p = 0.015). A score model was built by width of sinus, location of abscess and max abscess diameter to predict invasive treatment. The AUC of ROC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.892, 80.0% and 90.9% respectively. More than half of CD-related IAA patients needed invasive therapy within 5-year follow-up. The CT features including nonperienteric abscess, larger maximum abscess diameter and width of sinus suggested a more aggressive approach to invasive treatment.

Appendicular Abscess: An Update on Current Management: Narrative Review Article

Appendicular abscess is a complication from perforation of the appendix, and it is seen in 10% of cases of acute appendicitis. It is diagnosed by clinical examination, the presence of leukocytosis and imaging modalities like ultrasound or computerized tomography. The treatment is usually conservative with intra-venous fluids, antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has seen a move towards immediate appendectomy. Interval appendectomy is no longer a routine and is only performed for patients who present with recurrent symptoms. We have conducted this narrative review article to look at the various management options for appendicular abscess.

What you need to know: Current management of acute appendicitis in adults

ABSTRACT Acute appendicitis is one of the most common acute surgical diseases in the world today. Acute appendicitis can present with a well-recognized clinical presentation with abdominal pain which localize in the right lower quadrant. This presentation is more typical in men than in women of child baring age. Several clinical and laboratory calculations can be used to increase the likelihood of making a correct diagnosis. Various imaging modalities can be used to make the diagnosis which include ultrasound, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each study has well known sensitivity/specificity of positive predictive value of making the diagnosis of appendicitis. The management of acute appendicitis is based on the presentation of the patient and dividing it into uncomplicated and complicated disease. Each requires management with antibiotics and followed with timely appendectomy. Recent studies have demonstrated nonoperative management of uncomplicated appendicitis without no fecalith that can be managed with antibiotics alone. Complicated acute appendicitis should undergo timely surgical intervention. Patients presenting with a large appendiceal abscess or phlegmon should undergo percutaneous drainage and antibiotic management. There are certain patient populations that should be considered for surgical intervention. Pregnant patients as well as immunosuppressed patients should undergo timely surgical intervention to decrease the risk of complications. This review outlines the current principles of the diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of acute appendicitis based on the best available evidence of acute appendicitis in adults. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Original Review Article, Level III.

Corrigendum to “Endoscopic and surgical drainage for pancreatic fluid collections are better than percutaneous drainage: Meta-analysis” [Pancreatol 20 1 (2020) 132–141

Corrigendum to “Endoscopic and surgical drainage for pancreatic fluid collections are better than percutaneous drainage: Meta-analysis” [Pancreatol 20 1 (2020) 132–141

Iatrogenic vascular complications of non-vascular percutaneous abdominal procedures.

The purpose of this paper is to compile and present all of the reported vascular complications that resulted from common non-vascular abdominal procedures in the literature. Non-vascular procedures include, though are not limited to, percutaneous abscess/fluid collection drainage (PAD), percutaneous nephrostomy (PN), paracentesis, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)/percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD), percutaneous biliary stone removal, and percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PG)/percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy (PG-J). By gathering this information, radiologists performing these procedures can be aware of the associated vascular injuries, as well astake steps to minimize risks. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to catalog relevant articles, published in the year 2000 onward, in which an iatrogenic vascular complication occurred from the following non-vascular abdominal procedures: PAD, PN, paracentesis, PTC/PBD, percutaneous biliary stone removal, and PG/PG-J.Biopsy and tumorablation were deferred from this article. 214 studies met criteria for analysis. 28 patients died as a result of vascular complications from the analyzed non-vascular abdominal procedures. Vascular complications from paracentesis were responsible for 19 patient deaths, followed by four deaths from PTC/PBD, three from biliary stone removal, and two from PG. Despite non-vascular percutaneous abdominal procedures being minimally invasive, vascular complications still canarise and be quite serious, even resulting in death. Through the presentation of vascular complications associated with these procedures, interventionalists can improve patient care by understanding the steps that can be taken to minimize these risks and to reduce complication rates.