Percutaneous Ablation Therapy Research Articles

Combination of percutaneous thermal ablation and adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy against non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the predominant malignancies globally. Percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) has gained widespread use among NSCLC patients, with the potential to elicit immune responses but limited therapeutic efficacies for advanced-stage disease. T-helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a subset of CD4+ effector T cells with robust and persistent anti-tumor effects. This study proposes to develop PTA-Th9 cell integrated therapy as a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment.MethodsThe therapeutic efficacies were measured in mice models with subcutaneously transplanted, recurrence, or lung metastatic tumors. The tumor microenvironments (TMEs) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. The signaling molecules were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The translational potential was tested in the humanized NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model.ResultsWe find that PTA combined with adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy substantially suppresses tumor growth, recurrence, and lung metastasis, ultimately extending the survival of mice with NSCLC grafts, outperforming both PTA and Th9 cell transfer monotherapy. Analysis of TMEs indicates that combinatorial therapy significantly augments tumor-infiltrating Th9 cells, boosts anti-tumor effects of CD8+ T cells, and remodels tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Moreover, combinatorial therapy significantly strengthens the regional and circulation immune response of CD8+ T cells in mice with tumor lung metastasis and induces peripheral CD8+ T effector memory cells in mice with tumor recurrence. Mechanically, PTA reinforces the anti-tumor ability of Th9 cells primarily through upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and subsequently activating the downstream STAT1/IRF1 pathway, which could be effectively blocked by intercepting IL-1β signaling. Finally, the enhanced therapeutic effect of combinatorial therapy is validated in humanized NSCLC PDX models.ConclusionsCollectively, this study demonstrates that combinatorial therapy displays robust and durable anti-tumor efficacy and excellent translational potential, offering excellent prospects for translation and emerging as a promising approach for NSCLC treatment.

Curative effect of percutaneous microwave ablation therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma survival: a 15-year real-world study

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: 2054 cases with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0~B at the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2006 to September 2020 were retrospectively collected. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The primary endpoint of overall survival and secondary endpoints (tumor-related survival, disease-free survival, and postoperative complications) of patients treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used for stratified survival rate analysis. Fine-and-Gray competing risk model was used to analyze overall survival. Results: A total of 5 503 HCC nodules [mean tumor diameter (2.6±1.6) cm] underwent 3 908 MWAs between January 2006 and September 2020, with a median follow-up time of 45.6 (24.0 -79.2) months.The technical effectiveness rate of 5 375 tumor nodules was 97.5%. The overall survival rates at 5, 10, and 15-years were 61.6%, 38.8%, and 27.0%, respectively. The tumor-specific survival rates were 67.1%, 47.2%, and 37.7%, respectively. The free tumor survival rates were 25.8%, 15.7%, and 9.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of severe complications was 2.8% (108/3 908). Further analysis showed that the technical effectiveness and survival rate over the passing three time periods from January 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-September 2020 were significantly increased, with P < 0.001, especially for liver cancer 3.1~5.0 cm (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Microwave ablation therapy is a safe and effective method for BCLC stage 0-B, with significantly enhanced technical efficacy and survival rate over time.

Robotic Assistance in Percutaneous Liver Ablation Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify current robotic assistance systems for percutaneous liver ablations, compare approaches, and determine how to achieve standardization of procedural concepts for optimized ablation outcomes. Background: Image-guided surgical approaches are increasingly common. Assistance by navigation and robotic systems allows to optimize procedural accuracy, with the aim to consistently obtain adequate ablation volumes. Methods: Several databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, Science Direct, Research Rabbit, and IEEE Xplore) were systematically searched for robotic preclinical and clinical percutaneous liver ablation studies, and relevant original manuscripts were included according to the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The endpoints were the type of device, insertion technique (freehand or robotic), planning, execution, and confirmation of the procedure. A meta-analysis was performed, including comparative studies of freehand and robotic techniques in terms of radiation dose, accuracy, and Euclidean error. Results: The inclusion criteria were met by 33/755 studies. There were 24 robotic devices reported for percutaneous liver surgery. The most used were the MAXIO robot (8/33; 24.2%), Zerobot, and AcuBot (each 2/33, 6.1%). The most common tracking system was optical (25/33, 75.8%). In the meta-analysis, the robotic approach was superior to the freehand technique in terms of individual radiation (0.5582, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0167–1.0996, dose-length product range 79–2216 mGy.cm), accuracy (0.6260, 95% CI = 0.1423–1.1097), and Euclidean error (0.8189, 95% CI = –0.1020 to 1.7399). Conclusions: Robotic assistance in percutaneous ablation for liver tumors achieves superior results and reduces errors compared with manual applicator insertion. Standardization of concepts and reporting is necessary and suggested to facilitate the comparison of the different parameters used to measure liver ablation results. The increasing use of image-guided surgery has encouraged robotic assistance for percutaneous liver ablations. This systematic review analyzed 33 studies and identified 24 robotic devices, with optical tracking prevailing. The meta-analysis favored robotic assessment, showing increased accuracy and reduced errors compared with freehand technique, emphasizing the need for conceptual standardization.

Comparison of outcomes following surgical resection, percutaneous ablation or stereotactic body radiation therapy in early-stage, solitary and small (≤3 cm) treatment-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is associated with high local control rates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study reports the outcomes of SBRT compared to surgical resection (SR) and percutaneous ablation (PA) for treatment-naïve, solitary HCCs ≤3 cm. This was a retrospective study of patients with BCLC stage 0/A HCC with a single ≤3 cm lesion, treated with curative intent between 2016 and 2020. SBRT was used for patients considered unsuitable for SR or PA. The co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were treatment-related clinical toxicity rates and local control (LC) rates. There were 112 patients included in this study. SBRT was delivered in 36 patients (32.1%), 51 had PA (45.5%) and 25 underwent SR (22.3%). Median follow-up was 23 months (range, 3-60 months) from diagnosis. The 3-year PFS and OS were 67% and 69% following SBRT, 55% and 80% following PA, and 85% and 100% following SR, respectively. Patients in the SR cohort had significantly better 3-year PFS and OS compared to SBRT and PA groups (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was no significant difference in PFS (p = 0.15) or OS (p = 0.23) between SBRT and PA treated patients. The 3-year LC rate for the entire cohort was 98%. In patients with treatment-naïve, early-stage solitary HCCs ≤3 cm, SBRT was associated with comparable PFS, OS and LC outcomes to PA. SBRT should be considered as a curative intent therapy to avoid treatment stage migration in this favourable prognostic cohort of patients.

A narrative review of percutaneous laser disc decompression - early experience in Lagos, Nigeria

Overview. Managing chronic pain arising from the degenerative disc disease of the spine has remained a huge challenge while choosing from within a vast array of treatment armamentarium ranging from the use of medications only or in combination with other physical treatment options, minimally invasive heat therapy, and operative interventions. Patients with chronic pain referred to as ‘contained disc’ in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar disc pathology have been successfully managed with percutaneous laser disc ablative therapy. This approach is only for selected patients and advantages derivable from this approach are the preservation of soft tissue anatomy, minimal post-procedure pain, less metabolic responses, and no blood loss when compared to open surgical procedures. Methodology. This is a one-year retrospective narrative study of six adult patients who presented with chronic low back pain related to the spine and had a lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan with findings of contained disc herniation. Patients’ brief clinical evaluation which involves biodata, history of pain, and pain scores using the visual analogue scale (VAS) pre and post-intervention and Oswestry disability index to assess disability from chronic pain. A narration of these patient’s progression to follow-up six months after the procedure was documented. Results. The results showed significant improvement in the VAS and ODI scores in five of the 6 patients, with one showing marginal improvement. Conclusion. Percutaneous lumbar disc decompression is effective in the management of chronic low back with concordant clinical and radiological evidence of contained disc pathology.

Comparable and Complimentary Modalities for Treatment of Small-Sized HCC: Surgical Resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Microwave Ablation.

Over the past decade, there has been continual improvement in both ablative and surgical technologies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of ablative therapy compared to surgical resection for HCC has not been thoroughly evaluated using multiple large-scale randomized controlled trials. By international consensus, if a patient is eligible, surgery is the primary curative treatment option, as it is believed to confer superior oncologic control. to determine the efficacies of percutaneous ablative therapies and surgical resection (SR) in the treatment of HCC. Data sources, study appraisal, and synthesis methods: A meta-analysis using 5 online databases dating back to 1989 with more than 31,000 patients analyzing patient and tumor characteristics, median follow-up, overall survival, and complication rate was performed. Ablative therapies are suitable alternatives to surgical resection in terms of survival and complication rates for comparable patient populations. For the entire length of the study from 1989-2019, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) produced the highest 5-year survival rates (59.6%), followed by microwave ablation (MWA) (50.7%) and surgical resection (SR) (49.9%). In the most recent era from 2006 to 2019, surgical resection has produced the highest 5-year survival rate of 72.8%, followed by RFA at 61.7% and MWA at 50.6%. Conclusions and key findings: Depending on the disease state and comorbidities of the patient, one modality may offer superior overall survival rates over the other available techniques. Interventional ablative methods and surgical resection should be used in conjunction for the successful treatment of small-sized HCC.

Our Single Center Experience in Osteoid Osteoma Patients Treated with CT-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment and Follow-up.

Introduction Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a painful benign bone tumor. Typically, it causes pain that is most noticeable during the night, which is improved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the treatment of symptomatic lesions, open surgery for nidus removal is the gold standard. However, surgical technical difficulties and morbidities vary by location. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy guided by computed tomography (CT) is now a popular treatment option for OO. This study aims to assess our single-center experience with the technique, complications, and procedure effectiveness. Materials and Methods The study included fifteen patients who were treated between 2017 and 2021. A retrospective analysis was carried out on archive images and file records. The lesions' location, nidus width, and affected area (cortical, medullary) were all recorded. The procedure and technical success, as well as postoperative complications and the need for repeat ablation, were all documented. Results A total of 20 patients, 18 men, and 2 women, were included in the study, and 12 of them were pediatric patients. The patients' mean age was 16.9±7.3 years old, and the mean nidus diameter was 7.1±8.7 mm. There were 13 cortical niduses, 2 intramedullary niduses, and 5 corticomedullary niduses. The lesions were in the femur (n=12), tibia (n=6), scapula (n=1), and vertebrae (n=1). Two recurrences (10%) were observed in our patients during the follow-up. Patient with a femoral OO, the pain started again 12 weeks after the procedure and we performed additional RFA. The patient with vertebral OO had fewer symptoms and full recovery was not achieved. Therefore, the vertebral OO was ablated again 4 months later, and clinical success was achieved. One patient had a minor burn at the entry site that went away on its own after a short period of time. Except for the patient who was scheduled for a repeat RFA, no recurrence has been observed so far. The primary and secondary success rates are, respectively, 90% (18/20) and 100% (20/20). Conclusion RFA has a high success rate in treating OO. The procedure failure and recurrence rates are low. There are possibilities for posttreatment pain relief, early discharge, and a quick return to daily life. For inappropriate lesion localization, the RFA process replaces surgical treatment. The procedure-related complication rate is low. On the other hand, the burn during the procedure can be a serious problem.

A Phase 2, Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Trial of Transarterial Chemoembolization Therapy in Combination Strategy with Lenvatinib in Patients with Unresectable Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: TACTICS-L Trial

Introduction: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment for unresectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recurrence after TACE is common. The present phase 2, prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial, the TACTICS-L trial, investigated the efficacy and safety of TACE plus lenvatinib (LEN), a drug that more strongly promotes vascular normalization and has a better objective response rate (ORR) than sorafenib (jRCTs031180074). Methods: Participants were patients with HCC who had not previously received systemic therapy, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, or immunotherapy and who were ineligible for resection or percutaneous ablation therapy. LEN was to be administered 14–21 days before the first TACE, stopped 2 days before TACE, and resumed 3 days after TACE. Key inclusion criteria were unresectable HCC, Child-Pugh A liver function, 0–2 prior TACE sessions, tumor size ≤10 cm, number of tumors ≤10, and ECOG performance status 0–1. Key exclusion criteria were vascular invasion and extrahepatic spread. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) by RECICL, and secondary endpoints were time to untreatable progression, ORR, overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: A total of 62 HCC patients were enrolled in this trial. The median age was 72 years, 77.4% of patients were men, and 95.2% had PS 0. The primary endpoint of median PFS was 28.0 months (90% confidence interval [CI] 25.1–31.0) after a minimum 24 months of follow-up. The secondary endpoint of median OS was not reached (90% CI 35.5 months–NR). LEN-TACE achieved a high response rate and high complete response (CR) rate (4 weeks after the first TACE: ORR 79.0%, CR rate 53.2%; best response: ORR 88.7%, CR rate 67.7%) by RECICL. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed that the characteristics of responders/nonresponders (ORR and CR rate) were similar and that LEN-TACE would be effective in all subgroups, including the population in whom TACE alone would be less likely to be curative (e.g., patients with the non-simple nodular type or a high tumor burden). The relative dose intensity of LEN before the first TACE was important for achieving higher CR rate/ORR by LEN-TACE. No new safety concerns were observed. Conclusion: The results of this trial provide encouraging evidence, supporting the efficacy and favorable safety profile of LEN-TACE in patients who are ineligible for locoregional therapy.

Chinese expert consensus on CT-guided thermal ablation treatment of primary liver cancer

In order to standardize CT-guided local ablation as treatment of liver cancer in China, integrate advanced concepts of "precision medicine", adopt the image guided thermal ablation (IGTA) technique, and improve multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of liver cancer, experts from the Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), and the Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of the Chinese Medical Doctors, discussed and developed a consensus on CT-guided percutaneous thermal ablation therapy for primary liver cancer, based on current treatment guidelines in ablation therapy. This was an attempt to standardize and develop clinical practice related to CT-guided thermal ablation treatment in patients with primary liver cancer.

Percutaneous ablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe of the liver: efficacy and outcome.

To assess the efficacy and outcomes of percutaneous ablative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe. Patients within Milan criteria, who underwent thermal ablation (RFA/MWA) for HCC were analyzed. Based on the inclusion-criteria, patients were categorized in two groups. Group-1 (caudate-lobe HCC) and Group-2 (non-caudate-lobe HCC). Both the groups were analyzed for technical success (TS), local tumor progression (LTP), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between both the groups. Predictive factors for LTP, DFS, or OS in the study cohort were analyzed using appropriate statistical analyses. Twenty-one patients qualified to be in Group-1 while 130 patients fulfilled the criteria for Group-2. TS of 90.5 and 97.7% was seen after the first session of ablation for Group-1 and group-2 respectively, while a TS of 95.2% (Group-1) and 100% (Group-2) was achieved after second session. The right-intercostal-approach was used in 66.7% (n = 14) and the anterior-epigastric-approach was used in 33.3% (n = 7) of patients having caudate-lobe HCC. Procedure-related complications in both the groups were comparable. Although, statistically insignificant, LTP in the Group-1 (19.5%, n = 4) was twice that of non-caudate lobe HCC (8.5%, n = 11). The cumulative DFS rate was better in Group-2 while OS in both groups were comparable. Multivariate analysis showed: tumor size and ablative margin of 5 mm being independent predictors of LTP after percutaneous-ablation of caudate-lobe HCC. Ablative therapies for HCC in caudate lobe is feasible and safe with comparable LTP and OS to non-caudate lobe HCC. Tumor size >2 cm and lack of 5 mm ablative margin are independent predictors of LTP. 1. Percutaneous ablation of caudate lobe HCC is feasible using anterior epigastric approach or right intercostal approach. 2. These approaches may allow a safe and effective ablation of caudate lobe HCC with results comparable to non-caudate HCC ablation.

Vertebral hemangioma - the current radiation therapy perspective.

Vertebral hemangiomas are benign tumors of the spine, most often detected incidentally and on other instances, when signs and symptoms of the disease arise. About 10% of the population are affected worldwide with a female to male ratio of 2:1. The majority of these cases are asymptomatic and no intervention is generally required. Less often, back pain and neurological deficit may occur. Such hemangiomas are termed aggressive by the Enneking staging and warrant treatment. In this review, staging and diagnostics are discussed in detail followed by treatment options. Treatment options entail Surgical intervention, Percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation and Radiation Therapy. There are no set guidelines on preference or order of the treatment options. Further, in this review, studies favouring Radiation therapy regimes and their outcomes are elaborated.

In-situ tumor vaccination by percutaneous ablative therapy and its synergy with immunotherapeutics: An update on combination therapy.

Percutaneous tumor ablation is now a widely accepted minimally invasive local treatment option offered by interventional radiology and applied to various organs and tumor histology types. It utilizes extreme temperatures to achieve irreversible cellular injury, where ablated tumor interacts with surrounding tissue and host via tissue remodeling and inflammation, clinically manifesting as post-ablation syndrome. During this process, in-situ tumor vaccination occurs, in which tumor neoantigens are released from ablated tissue and can prime one's immune system which would favorably affect both local and remote site disease control. Although successful in priming the immune system, this rarely turns into clinical benefits for local and systemic tumor control due to intrinsic negative immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment. A combination of ablation and immunotherapy has been employed to overcome these and has shown promising preliminary results of synergistic effect without significantly increased risk profiles. The aim of this article is to review the evidence on post-ablation immune response and its synergy with systemic immunotherapies.

Safety and Feasibility of Analgosedation for Electrochemotherapy of Liver Lesions

Interventional Oncology treatments grant low-risk mini-invasive alternatives to surgery for cancer patients. Percutaneous ablative therapies represent a cornerstone for treatment of liver cancer patients. Among these, a newly emerging one is represented by electrochemotherapy. Improvements in analgesia and sedation can nowadays offer optimal support for ablative procedures, serving as a valid alternative to general anesthesia. The intention of this retrospective monocentric study is to report our preliminary experience on feasibility and safety of electrochemotherapy for treatment of complex liver tumors unfit for thermal ablation, using analgosedation instead of general anesthesia. Five patients were enrolled in the study, undergoing electrochemotherapy under analgosedation. Mean procedural time and hospitalization time were recorded. Immediate post-procedural cone-beam CT showed complete coverage of the lesion without complications. One-month CT examination showed an overall response rate of 100% (four complete responses, one partial response). Electrochemotherapy under analgosedation seems to be a safe, feasible, and effective option for liver cancer patients not amenable to other ablative techniques.

A Comparison of Percutaneous Ablation Therapy to Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cancers: Results From the Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System. Reply.

No AccessJournal of UrologyReply to Letters to the Editor11 Jan 2023A Comparison of Percutaneous Ablation Therapy to Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cancers: Results From the Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System. Reply. Braden Millan and Anil Kapoor Braden MillanBraden Millan Division of Urology, McMaster Institute of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada More articles by this author and Anil KapoorAnil Kapoor * E-mail Address: [email protected] Division of Urology, McMaster Institute of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003169AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "A Comparison of Percutaneous Ablation Therapy to Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cancers: Results From the Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System. Reply.." The Journal of Urology, Publish Ahead of Print, pp. –

Image-Guided Percutaneous and Transarterial Therapies for Primary and Metastatic Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. A significant proportion of patients with lung cancer are not candidates for surgery and must resort to other treatment alternatives. Rapid technological advancements in fields like interventional radiology have paved the way for valid treatment modalities like image-guided percutaneous and transarterial therapies for treatment of both primary and metastatic lung cancer. The rationale of ablative therapies relies on the fact that focused delivery of energy induces tumor destruction and pathological necrosis. Image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation therapies are established techniques in the local treatment of hepatic, renal, bone, thyroid, or uterine lesions. In the lung, the 3 main indications for lung ablation include local curative intent, a strategy to achieve a chemoholiday in oligometastatic disease, and recently, oligoprogressive disease. Transarterial therapies include a set of catheter-based treatments that involve delivering embolic and/or chemotherapeutic agents directed into the target tumor via the supplying arteries. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various techniques available and discusses their applications and associated complications in primary and metastatic lung cancer.

Mid-Term Results of Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy in the Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma

Özet&#x0D; Amaç: Çalışmamızda klinik ve radyolojik olarak osteoid osteoma tanısı alan bilgisayarlı tomografi kılavuzluğunda radyofrekans ablasyon (RFA) tedavisi uyguladığımız hastalardaki tedavi başarısını araştırmayı amaçladık.&#x0D; Gereç Yöntem: Ocak 2018-Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında RF ablasyon tedavisi uygulanmış olan 13 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Arşiv görüntüler ve klinik notlar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Takiplerde vizuel analog skala (VAS) kullanılarak yapılmış olan ağrı skorlarına göre klinik tedavi başarıları değerlendirildi. &#x0D; Bulgular: İşlem sonrası VAS skorunda 11 hastada tam, 2 hastada da tama yakın azalma sağlandı. Klinik başarı %100 olarak hesaplandı. Hiçbir hastada komplikasyon izlenmedi.&#x0D; Sonuç: Osteoid osteomalı hastalarda bilgisayarlı tomografi eşliğinde RF ablasyon minimal invaziv, güvenilir ve etkili bir tedavi yöntemidir.

Single Center Experience of Percutaneous Septal Ablation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With A Novel Agent: Polidocanol

Septal reduction therapy is recommended in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who remain symptomatic under maximally tolerated optimal medical treatment. Alcohol septal ablation is a favorable option, especially in patients with high surgical risk or who refuse surgery. Alcohol; causes scar-related ventricular arrhythmias and advanced heart blocks more frequently than surgical myectomy. Therefore, novel, safer agents are required for percutaneous septal ablation therapy. All the patients who underwent percutaneous septal ablation between January 2017 and June 2021 with polidocanol because of ongoing symptoms related to HCM despite maximally tolerated medical treatment were enrolled. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital electronic database. A total of 28 patients were included. Median age was 61 years (43.5-67), and 19 (67.8%) patients were male. Most of the patients underwent index procedures; however, only 2 cases had history of previous septal ablation. Median follow-up was 3.5 months (0.25 to 12.25). Median left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient at rest was 68.5 (37-80) mmHg, and after Valsalva maneuver median LVOT gradient was 95.5 (75-125) mmHg. Median volume of polidocanol used in procedures was 2 (2-3.37) ml, and mean procedure time was 28.1±2.5minutes. LVOT gradient invasively measured was significantly reduced (mean 76.5mm Hg vs mean 30mm Hg; p<0.001) immediately after the septal ablation. Conduction defects developed in 18 patients (64.2%); however, de novo permanent cardiac implantable electronic device implantation was required in only 4 (14.3%) cases. Leakage of polidocanol and mortality did not occur in any cases. Pericardial effusion developed in only 1 case, and it resolved with medical treatment. After mean 3.5months follow-up, both LVOT gradient and New York Heart Association functional class parameters were better than baseline values. In conclusion, polidocanol is a safe and effective agent for septal ablation in patients with HCM. Outcomes and complication rates are similar with alcohol septal ablation.

Risk Factors for Abscess Development Following Percutaneous Microwave Ablation Therapy of Hepatic Tumors.

To investigate risk factors associated with post-microwave ablation (MWA) abscess development. A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted to identify hepatic MWA performed at a single tertiary medical center between January 2010 and January 2022. Case and control patients were defined as those who did or did not develop intrahepatic abscess within 3months following MWA, respectively. Correlations between risk factors and post-MWA abscess development were assessed by Fisher's exact test. Between 2010 and 2022, 253 patients underwent 376 MWA sessions with post-ablation abscess complication rate of 1.1% (4/376). Complications associated with intrahepatic abscess included bacteremia, empyema, pleural abscess, subcutaneous abscess, cholangitis, bile leak, biliocutaneous and arterio-biliary fistulae, and pseudoaneurysm. One patient expired from septic shock 5days post-ablation. All abscesses were treated by percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. One patient required concomitant placement of a biliary stent and embolization of a biliocutaneous tract. History of Sphincter of Oddi manipulation (p < 0.01), cholangiocarcinoma (p < 0.05), transarterial radioembolization (TARE) to the index lesion (p < 0.05), and abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p < 0.05) were significantly correlated with post-MWA abscess. The risk of developing post-MWA abscesses for patients with a history of cholangiocarcinoma or a history of Sphincter of Oddi manipulation were 20.0% and 27.2%, respectively. Patients with prior Sphincter of Oddi manipulation, cholangiocarcinoma, or TARE are at greater risk of developing post-MWA abscess.

Observation of the Curative Effect of Acupuncture for Tonifying Kidney and Removing Blood Stasis Combined with Radiofrequency Surgery in Patients with NSCLC and the Diagnostic Efficacy of Combined Detection of NTx, BGP, and CYFRA21-1 in the Occurrence of Bone Metastases.

The curative effect observation of acupuncture for tonifying kidney and removing blood stasis combined with radiofrequency surgery in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and the diagnostic efficacy of combined detection of NTx, BGP, and CYFRA21-1 for bone metastases are investigated. 122 NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 are selected for the examination, and the two sets of patients are randomly divided into the study set and the control set using the random number table method, with 61 cases in each set. Patients in the control set are given CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy, and patients in the study set are given a combination of acupuncture therapy for tonifying the kidney and removing blood stasis on the basis of the therapy of the control set. The experimental results show that for NSCLC patients, the application of kidney-tonifying and stasis-removing acupuncture therapy combined with radiofrequency surgery can notoriously enhance the clinical therapy effect and enhance the quality of life of patients, and the detection of NTx, BGP, and CYFRA21-1 indicators can effectively predict the prognosis.

Indian College of Radiology and Imaging Guidelines on Interventions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a significant cause of cancer-related death. Treatment of HCC depends on the stage of the tumor. As many patients with HCC are not deemed fit for surgical resection or liver transplantation, locoregional therapies play an essential role in the management. Image-guided locoregional treatments include percutaneous ablative therapies and endovascular therapies. The choice of an individual or a combination of therapies is guided by the tumor and patient characteristics. As the outcomes of image-guided locoregional treatments depend on the ability to achieve necrosis of the entire tumor along with a safety margin around it, it is mandatory to follow standard guidelines. In this manuscript, we discuss in detail the various aspects of image-guided locoregional therapies to guide interventional radiologists involved in the care of patients with HCC.