Perceptual Feelings Research Articles

Potential Haptic Perceptual Dimensionality of Rendered Compliance.

Studies have proven that humans perceive haptic textures through different perceptual dimensions, such as rough/smooth and soft/hard, which provide useful guidance in the design of haptic devices. However, few of these have focused on the perception of compliance, which is another important perceptual property in haptic interfaces. This research was conducted to investigate the potential basic perceptual dimensions of the rendered compliance and quantify the effects of the simulation parameters. Two perceptual experiments were designed based on 27 stimuli samples generated by a 3-DOF haptic feedback device. Subjects were asked to describe these stimuli using adjectives, classify the samples, and rate them according to corresponding adjective labels. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) methods were then used to project adjective ratings into 2D and 3D perception spaces. According to the results, hardness and viscosity are considered two basic perceptual dimensions of the rendered compliance, while crispness can be regarded as a subsidiary perceptual dimension. Then, the relations between simulation parameters and perceptual feelings were analyzed by the regression analysis. This paper may provide a better understanding of the compliance perception mechanism and useful guidance for the improvement of rendering algorithms and devices for haptic human-computer interaction.

Study on the Selection and Application of Environmental Protection Materials in Contemporary Architecture from the Perspective of Phenomenology

In order to analyze the selection and application of environmental protection materials in contemporary architecture from the perspective of phenomenology, this article takes advantage of data and theoretical analysis methods to explore the works of three contemporary architects, namely Wang Shu, Steven Holl and Peter Zumthor. This article also makes a comparative analysis of materials. It aims to explain that different types of materials show different ecological characteristics. According to the research, hypotheses can be made: one is to realize the ecology of traditional materials through recycling; the other is to realize the ecology of natural materials through obtaining materials from local sources; the third is to realize the ecology of modern materials through the combination of high technology. Additionally, the application of materials in construction is diversified, and it usually uses a variety of materials and construction methods in the same building. In terms of materials, architectures explored in this paper, on the one hand, reflect the place spirit and perceptual feeling of phenomenology; on the other hand, it is express the concern for the sustainable development of the environment.

Effects of Hypohydration on Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Power in Women.

Gann, JJ, Andre, TL, Gallucci, AR, and Willoughby, DS. Effects of hypohydration on muscular strength, endurance, and power in women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S102-S106, 2021-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dehydration on muscular strength, endurance, power, and perceptual measures in resistance-trained women. Ten resistance-trained women completed 2 bouts of exercise (1 repetition maximum [1RM] for bench press and angled leg press followed by 5 sets to failure of 75% of 1RM and vertical jump), either dehydrated (∼3% body mass) (DT) or heat-exposed with fluid replacement (HT). Paired t-tests revealed bench press 1RM was significantly lower for DT (42.7 ± 14.5 kg) compared with HT (44.1 ± 13.9 kg). No significant difference was found for leg press 1RM (DT = 216.1 ± 55.0 kg; HT = 223.4 ± 55.7 kg). There was also no difference in total reps completed for bench press (DT = 33.5 ± 5.0; HT = 33.0 ± 5.5) or leg press (DT = 42.6 ± 20.3; HT = 45.8 ± 19.7). There was no significant difference for vertical jump height (DT: 45.8 ± 5.2 cm, HT: 46.9 ± 6.0 cm). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE were not significantly different between trials. Significant differences for perceived recovery status (DT: 5.1 ± 2.2, HT: 7.2 ± 1.1) and perceived readiness (DT: 4.2 ± 1.0, HT: 2.5 ± 0.5) indicate subjects expected impaired performance during DT. The current results suggest that previous night dehydration may have a negative impact on both bench press 1RM performance and perceptual feelings of recovery in resistance-trained women.

Multi-Layered Perceptual Model for Haptic Perception of Compliance

Haptic rendering of compliance is widely used in human–computer haptic interaction. Haptic impressions of virtual objects are usually controlled through rendering algorithms and devices. However, subjective feelings of compliance are easily affected by physical properties of objects, interactive modes, and so on. So it is important to ascertain the mapping relations between controlled physical parameters and subjective perceptual feelings. In this paper, a multi-layered perceptual model was built based on psychophysical experiments to discuss these relationships in a simplified scene. Interactive signals of physical stimuli are collected by the physical receptor layer, handled by the subjective classifier layer and finally generate the evaluation results of compliance. The physical perceptual layer is used to extract useful interaction features affecting perceptual results. The subjective classifier layer is used to analyze the perceptual dimensionality of the compliance perception. The final aim of the model is to determine the mapping relationships between interaction features and dimensions of perception space. Interactive features are extracted from the interaction data collected during the exploring process, perceptual dimensionality of the compliance perception was analyzed by the factor analysis method, and relations between hierarchical layers were obtained by multi-linear regression analysis. A verification test was performed to show whether the proposed model can predict the perceptual result of new samples well. The results indicate that the model was reliable to estimate the perceptual results of compliance with an accuracy of approximately 90%. This paper may contribute a lot to the design and improvement of human-computer interaction and intelligent sensing system.

Data-driven vibrotactile rendering of digital buttons on touchscreens

Although mobile phones incorporate low-cost vibration motors to enhance touch-based interactions, it is not possible to generate complex tactile effects on their touchscreens. It is also difficult to relate the limited vibrotactile feedback generated by these motors to different types of physical buttons. In this study, we focus on creating vibrotactile feedback on a touchscreen that simulates the feeling of physical buttons using piezo actuators attached to it. We first recorded and analyzed the force, acceleration, and voltage data from twelve participants interacting with three different physical buttons: latch, toggle, and push buttons. Then, a button-specific vibrotactile stimulus was generated for each button based on the recorded data. Finally, we conducted a threealternative forced choice (3AFC) experiment with twenty participants to explore whether the resultant stimulus is distinct and realistic. In our experiment, participants were able to match the three digital buttons with their physical counterparts with a success rate of 83%. In addition, we harvested seven adjective pairs from the participants expressing their perceptual feeling of pressing the physical buttons. All twenty participants rated the degree of their subjective feelings associated with each adjective for all the physical and digital buttons investigated in this study. Our statistical analysis showed that there exist at least three adjective pairs for which participants have rated two out of three digital buttons similar to their physical counterparts.

Energy distribution for sournd quality improvement of exhaust noise of crusier type of motorcycle

The demand for motorcycles has seen steady growth in recent years. For motorcycles, as well as automobiles in general, sound quality (SQ) is one of the important factors affecting riding comfort. Thus, as with the wider field of automobile manufacturing, motorcycle manufacturers regard SQ-based noise control as a useful tool for improving competitiveness and popularity in the global commercial market. Among the numerous parts of a motorcycle, the exhaust system is the key to determining the SQ, as well as its performance. In this study, the distribution of the exhaust noise energy of a cruiser type of motorcycle in the frequency domain was proposed to improve its SQ. To this end, the audible frequency range was divided into three bands based on its effect on the perceptual feeling described as pleasant. To obtain a desirable energy distribution, a subjective listening experiment based on a semantic differential method was conducted with the modified exhaust noises by changing the band level of each division of the frequency band. A hierarchical clustering analysis and factor analysis were applied to the results of the subjective experiment in order to determine the relation between the subjective feeling and the variation in the spectral shapes of the exhaust noises. The results showed that perceptual feelings described as pleasant, expensive, and classic were strongly influenced by a change in the band level in the low-frequency range below 300 Hz, whereas the hard and crispy perceptions were influenced in the high-frequency range above 1 kHz. To quantitatively represent such situations, the energy ratio and partial-loudness ratio representing the energy balance were defined and calculated. Finally, it was found that a larger energy ratio or partial-loudness ratio resulted in a better SQ for the exhaust noise of the cruiser type of motorcycle.

Perceptual feeling and time-of-day effects on high intensity exercise performance

Perceptual feeling and time-of-day effects on high intensity exercise performance

Challenge of donor recruitment

Challenge of donor recruitment

Viewing China’s CI Design from Shenzhen

China is expected to start from its realities, to absorb the merits in CI of U.S. and Japan, to rely on conception and to convey enterprises’ operation conception as well as culture to those individuals or organizations related to them with its integrated transimission system. As an image project, CI refers to the packaging and improvement of an enterprise’s image. With our increasing knowldege about CI, we can learn more about an enterprise’s conception and regulations of conduct,and accordingly, base the whole designing process on conception. Besides, an enterprise’s performance should be judged according to scientific statistics instead of perceptual feelings.

Influence of caffeine ingestion on perceived mood states, concentration, and arousal levels during a 75-min university lecture

This investigation aimed to assess the effect of a caffeine supplement on perceived mood state, concentration, and arousal during a 75-min university lecture. Methods. This randomized, blind, cross-over design investigation ran over a course of 2 consecutive weeks. During week 1, 10 third-year Human Movement and Exercise Science students were assigned to either a caffeine- or placebo-supplemented group and were subsequently required to attend a 75-min exercise rehabilitation lecture. Seven days later, students were assigned to the opposite supplementation group before attending a second follow-on lecture, equal in duration to that of week 1. At the conclusion of each lecture, students were required to complete a mood perception questionnaire to assess the perceived level of mood state, concentration, and arousal during the lecture. The results showed that after caffeine consumption, students perceived themselves to be significantly more awake, clear minded, energetic, alert, and anxious (P < 0.05). Additionally, students also felt they were better able to concentrate and had a greater level of arousal than when the placebo was consumed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this investigation show that university students report enhanced perceptual feelings of behavior and mood state when a low dose of caffeine is consumed 60 min prior to a 75-min academic lecture.

Perceptual Contrast-Based Image Fusion: A Variational Approach

Local contrast, or variation, plays an important role in image fusion which is mainly to preserve the important information from the source images to the fusion result. Weber's law tells us that the same variation under different backgrounds will cause different perceptual feelings, thus an ideal image processor has to take into account the effects of vision psychology and psychophysics. This paper considers the property of human visual system (HVS) and transfers the quantitative perceptual variations from each source image to the result. Using just-noticeable-difference (JND) as measurement, the multiband image's perceptual contrast is obtained as a target. We construct a functional extremum problem to find a single band image, or fusion result, which has the closest perceptual contrast to the target one. Via the variational approach, the Euler-Lagrange equation is derived, and a gradient descent iteration is employed. Experimental results show that this method is perceptually good.

Submaximal force production during perceptually guided isometric exercise

The aim of this study was to examine submaximal isometric force production guided by perceptual feelings of exertion. Thirty young adults performed isometric knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects performed five different tests; the first test was the same for all subjects (standard naïve test). During the standard naïve test, subjects were asked to randomly produce force at perceived contraction intensities (25%, 50% and 75% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)), with 100% MVC performed as the final intensity. All intensities, including the 100% MVC, were randomly performed in the other four tests (control tests 1 and 2, post 20% MVC and post 100% MVC tests). Post 20% MVC and post 100% MVC tests included fatiguing isometric exercise at 20% and 100% MVC respectively, which were performed prior to the test protocol. Results show that absolute peak force increased with increasing intensity (P<0.001) during all tests. During the standard naïve test, absolute peak force at 25% and 50% MVC was significantly lower (P=0.009) compared to control test 2, post 20% MVC and 100% MVC tests, and relative peak force was lower at all intensities compared to all other tests (P<0.001). Absolute and relative peak force was most accurate at 50% MVC (-12.06 N and -2.42%, respectively). Prior fatiguing isometric exercise did not affect the subsequent perceptual response range. In conclusion, isometric force was most accurate at 25% MVC but under-produced (perceptually overestimated) during higher contraction intensities preceding a maximal voluntary contraction (100% MVC). The ability to match absolute force with target contraction intensities was most accurate at 50% MVC during all five experimental conditions and poor at opposite ends of the force domain. Furthermore, prior fatiguing isometric exercise did not have an effect on the subsequent perceptual response range.

ASSOCIATION OF PERCEPTUAL FEEL AND GENERAL DESCRIPTORS WITH FOOD CATEGORIES BY 8–11 YEAR OLDS AND ADULTS

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the association of perceptual feeling and general descriptors with food categories by Grade 3 (8–9 year olds), Grade 5 (10–11 year olds), and adults. Subjects judged whether 38 descriptors were appropriate for Bread and Cereals, Dairy Products, Fruit, Meat, Sweets, and Vegetables. The number of associations increased cumulatively with age. Three developmental trends were evident in this study in combination with an earlier one by Oram (1998). First, word‐category associations increased with age for words already in the food vocabulary. Second, words were associated with specific food categories before the superordinate label ‘Food'. Third, a few word‐category associations decreased from school‐age to adulthood. The first two trends may reflect increases with age in word comprehension, focussing on less salient attributes, and food category size. The third trend may be attributable to an agerelated shift in food typicality within individual categories. The present study also has several sensory evaluation implications. It shows an easy and quick way to estimate the vocabulary of children for food products, and the results of this study can be used to generate descriptor lists for 8–11 year olds.

THE USE OF RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION FOR SELF-MONITORING SWIMMING INTENSITY 1229

This study examined the use of Borg's category Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale for self-monitoring swimming intensity. Nineteen competent swimmers ages nineteen to fifty-eight participated in six trials. Each trial was separated by a minimum of forty-eight hours. During cycling, overall perceptual feelings at 60 RPM's and zero resistance were anchored to RPE 7. Overall perceptual feelings at 60 RPM's and maximal exertion were anchored to RPE 19. After anchoring overall perceptual feelings, subjects swam at designated intensities based on their overall perceptual feelings. Mean heart rate response at estimated overall RPE 12 and overall RPE 16 during cycling was compared to mean heart rate response reproduced at overall RPE 12 and RPE 16 during swimming. Also, following arm ergometry anchor trials, mean heart rate response at estimated arm RPE 12 and arm RPE 16 during arm ergometry was compared to mean heart rate at reproduced arm RPE 12 and arm RPE 16 during swimming. A one-way analysis of variance revealed no significant difference (p≤0.05) in heart rate response at overall RPE 16 between cycling and swimming. Significant differences were noted in heart rate at overall RPE 12 between cycling and swimming, and at arm RPE 12 and arm RPE 16 between arm ergometry and swimming. These findings suggest that Borg's RPE Scale is most useful in exercise prescription for swimming at higher intensities. Adjustments from overall RPE 12 are needed for establishing a lower intensity. Overall RPE 16 however, appears very effective in defining an upper boundary for swimming intensity.