Changes In Perception Research Articles

The Role of Cannabinoids in Advancing Cancer Treatment: Insights from Evidence-Based Medicine.

This document critically examines the role of cannabinoids in cancer care during an era marked by rapid advancements in oncology and changing perceptions on cannabis. It traces the historical context of cannabis in medicinal use, navigating its journey from widespread acceptance, subsequent criminalization, to its resurgence in modern therapeutic applications, particularly within the framework of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). Anchored in EBM principles, this study synthesizes current research from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in oncology. The focus is on their palliative effects, considering the nuances of effectiveness, risk assessment, and challenges inherent in translating these findings into clinical guidelines. The study seeks to bridge the gap between scientific research and clinical practice, offering insights to inform future oncological therapies and symptom management strategies involving cannabinoids. The potential benefits and risks of cannabinoid use in cancer treatment are assessed to guide clinicians and researchers in developing comprehensive, evidence-based approaches to patient care.

How the perception of climate change impacts sustainable tourism: empirical evidence from Taiwan

ABSTRACT Drawing on protection motivation theory and resilience theory, this study develops a conceptual framework of perceived vulnerability, perceived threat severity, coping appraisal, psychological resilience and pro-environmental behavioural intention based on a sample of 1,079 tourists in Taiwan. The empirical findings indicated that both tourists’ perceived vulnerability and perceived threat severity were significantly related to their coping appraisal. Moreover, tourists’ coping appraisals were positively and significantly related to their psychological resilience, which positively and statistically impacted their pro-environmental behavioural intentions. Tourists’ coping appraisals and psychological resilience also played meditating roles in the proposed conceptual framework. These findings thus extend scientific knowledge by providing insights and implications for sustainable tourism that contribute to the literature.

Impact of Flooding and Drought Risks on the Cost of Bond Financing for Water Utilities.

The global water cycle has experienced significant changes due to the interplay of climate shifts and human activities, resulting in more frequent and severe droughts and floods. These shifts have started to impact the operational efficiency of water treatment and delivery systems. This, in turn, has implications for the economic performance of these assets and the climate-impacted cost of their financing through the issuing of municipal bonds. Analyzing a decade of water bond data (2009-2019), this study offers empirical evidence for the impact of flood and drought risks on bond investor demand to offset water risks. The results reveal that bond markets factored in coastal flood risks between 2013 and 2019, adjusting by 3-6 basis points (bps) per risk score unit, and riverine flood risks from 2009 to 2013, with a 5-11 basis points increase per risk score unit. These effects were primarily driven by bonds issued in the Pacific Coast and Great Plains regions, respectively. In contrast, the pricing of drought risks in the bond market followed a more nuanced pattern. Additionally, we show the channeling effects of water consumption and investor perceptions of climate change on water risk pricing in the bond market. These findings have significant implications for water risk management in the public sector as regions with heightened water risk exposure are perceived as riskier by market participants, leading to a higher cost of capital for municipalities and water agencies.

Different mechanisms of contextual inference govern associatively learned and sensory-evoked postural responses

Human standing balance relies on the continuous monitoring and integration of sensory signals to infer our body's motion and orientation within the environment. However, when sensory information is no longer contextually relevant to balancing the body (e.g., when sensory and motor signals are incongruent), sensory-evoked balance responses are rapidly suppressed, much earlier than any conscious perception of changes in balance control. Here, we used a robotic balance simulator to assess whether associatively learned postural responses are similarly modulated by sensorimotor incongruence and contextual relevance to postural control. Twenty-nine participants in three groups were classically conditioned to generate postural responses to whole-body perturbations when presented with an initially neutral sound cue. During catch and extinction trials, participants received only the auditory stimulus but in different sensorimotor states corresponding to their group: 1) during normal active balance, 2) while immobilized, and 3) throughout periods where the computer subtly removed active control over balance. In the balancing and immobilized states, conditioned responses were either evoked or suppressed, respectively, according to the (in)ability to control movement. Following the immobilized state, conditioned responses were renewed when balance was restored, indicating that conditioning was retained but only expressed when contextually relevant. In contrast, conditioned responses persisted in the computer-controlled state even though there was no causal relationship between motor and sensory signals. These findings suggest that mechanisms responsible for sensory-evoked and conditioned postural responses do not share a single, central contextual inference and assessment of their relevance to postural control, and may instead operate in parallel.

How does perception of success change between family and solo farmers: A perspective from strategic resources and entrepreneurial orientation

This study compares the resources and entrepreneurial characteristics of family and solo farmers, and influences of these on subjective success perceptions. Quantitative data were collected in Finland and the research model is comprised of Resource-Based Theory and Entrepreneurial Orientation. T-test for equality of means and Structural Equation modelling were employed for testing the hypotheses. The results indicate that family and solo farmers are heterogeneous in most of their resources, entrepreneurial orientation and success perceptions, only except resources in funding opportunities, innovativeness in products and services and investments, and proactiveness in legislation, and success perceptions in self-determination in own work, personal satisfaction. Covariation between resources and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for family farmers, but this relationship is positive for both groups. Resources and entrepreneurial orientation impact success positively both for family and solo farmers, while the impact of resources is stronger for family farmers and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for solo farmers. This study suggests a comparative approach in evaluation of the sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship and its implications, also facilitates the methodological development on the measurement of the theoretical models focusing on the role of family in social and agricultural sustainability.

Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellows' Perspectives on Autonomy Through Time.

Promoting autonomy is at the core of fellowship education. Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) fellowship programs are relatively new, and many supervising physicians are not trained on how to promote fellow autonomy. Moreover, no studies have explored fellows' perception of autonomy throughout training. To fill this gap, we explored PHM fellows' perceptions of autonomy throughout training. PHM fellows starting fellowship in July 2021 were recruited to participate in a longitudinal qualitative study. Using self-determination theory as a sensitizing framework, the authors conducted semistructured interviews with 14 fellows throughout fellowship. Incoming data were iteratively analyzed, and codes were created from patterns in the data. Coded data were clustered into themes. Four themes developed: (1) at the beginning of fellowship, fellows valued direct observation and close supervision from their attending. (2) Initially, fellows felt pressured to make the identical clinical decision as their attending, but over the course of training, they realized their autonomous decisions could coexist with different decisions from their attending physicians. (3) At first, fellows desired attending presence to support and guide their decision making. Over time, fellows desired a coach who could provide valuable formative feedback. (4) Because of the hierarchical nature of medicine, conversations between fellows and attending physicians about autonomy were challenging to initiate. Fellows' perceptions of autonomy change throughout fellowship, which should be taken into consideration as provisions of autonomy evolve through training. Our findings can inform PHM fellowship curricula and professional development around the promotion of autonomy in fellowship.

Perception of Climate Change among Vulnerable Groups and Religious Faiths in Nigeria

Perception of Climate Change among Vulnerable Groups and Religious Faiths in Nigeria

Human Electroretinography Shows Little Polarity Specificity Following Full-Field Ramp Adaptation.

The ramp aftereffect, a visual phenomenon in which perception of light changes dynamically after exposure to sawtooth-modulated light, was first described in 1967. Despite decades of psychophysical research, location and mechanisms of its generation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated a potential retinal contribution to effect formation with specific emphasis on on-/off-pathway involvement. A 100ms flash electroretinogram (ERG) was employed to probe the adaptive state of retinal neurons after presentation of stimuli that were homogenous in space but modulated in time following a sawtooth pattern (upward or downward ramps at 2Hz). Additionally, a psychophysical nulling experiment was performed. Psychophysics data confirmed previous findings that the ramp aftereffect opposes the adapting stimuli in ramp direction and is stronger after upward ramps. The ERG study revealed significant changes of activity in every response component in the low-frequency range (a-wave, b-wave, on-PhNR, d-wave and off-PhNR) and high-frequency range (oscillatory potentials) in amplitudes, peak times, or both. The changes are neither specific to the on- or off-response nor antagonistic between ramp directions. With downward ramp adaptation, effects were stronger. Neither amplitudes nor peak times were correlated with perception strength. Amplitudes and peak times were uncorrelated, and the effect diminished over time, ceasing almost completely with three seconds. Despite abundant effects on retinal responses, the pattern of adaptational effects was not specific to the sawtooth nature of adaptation. Although not ruling out retinal contributions the present findings favor post-retinal mechanisms as the primary locus of the ramp aftereffect.

The Impact of the Evaluation of Individual's Appearance from Social Media Platforms on Contemporary High School Student's Personality

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of social media on self-perception and personality development of high school students, with an added focus on the positive correlation between social media usage and self-perception. While there are limitations to the data collection process, the analysis suggests that increased social media use is associated with increased pressure to adhere to appearance standards. High school students' self-evaluation of their own appearance, attention to peers' appearance, and media interactions with peers all contributed to changes in perception and personality. Understanding these dynamics is critical for educators, parents, and researchers when it comes to the impact of social media on adolescent development. Future studies should establish a target number for data collection to ensure more robust findings. This study provides insight into the complex relationship between social media, self-perception, and personality development among high school students.

생성형 인공지능 활용 교육프로그램을 통한 예비교사들의 인공지능에 대한 인식 변화

Purpose: This study explored pre-service teachers' perception of AI changes through an educational program that utilize AI. Methods: An educational program was developed that provides opportunities for pre-service teachers to design classes using AI and implement them through teaching practicum and used to investigate the educational effectiveness of seventeen pre-service teachers at a university in Chungcheongbuk province. Fourteen questions corresponding to the two categories of ‘Accessibility of AI’ and ‘Similarity between AI and Human’ were administered in pre- and post-surveys. Changes were also investigated in the pre-service teachers' perception of artificial intelligence based on the output and interview data submitted by the pre-service teachers that supplemented the survey results. Results: As a result of the study, the educational program developed in this study showed educational effectiveness. Through the educational program, pre-service teachers showed changes in their perception that AI can be used by anyone, that AI is safe, that AI cannot replace human jobs, and that AI learns through human input. However, it was found that pre-service teachers felt a financial burden in having to subscribe to artificial intelligence, and there was a limit to changing the thinking that artificial intelligence can solve problems like humans. Conclusion: In the future, in order to improve the pre-service teachers' perception of AI and to actively implement classes using generative artificial intelligence in schools, schools should provide financial support when using AI programs, or let pre-service teachers recognize the operating principles of artificial intelligence and the differences between humans. There is a need to develop more sophisticated pre-service teacher education programs for content that shows limited effectiveness.

COVID-19 Induced Changes in Hygiene, Psychological Factors, Physical Activity and Perceptions of The Health Care System Among Age Groups in South Korea

COVID-19 Induced Changes in Hygiene, Psychological Factors, Physical Activity and Perceptions of The Health Care System Among Age Groups in South Korea

Understanding climate change awareness and adaptation measures in urban settings: A study in Surakarta, Indonesia

Backgorund: The effects of climate change in the atmosphere are starting to manifest, impacting not only the natural world but also human cultures. In Indonesia, these impacts are expected to intensify over the coming decades, with rising temperatures, declining rainfall, and sea-level rise affecting coastal areas. Extreme weather events, such as flooding and droughts, are becoming more common, posing significant challenges to human existence, economic growth, and the natural environment. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of climate change awareness and adaptation measures among adolescents and local people in Surakarta, Indonesia. The study seeks to assess how the local population perceives and responds to climate change, as well as to identify factors that make communities vulnerable to severe weather events. By exploring these factors, the study aims to shed light on the underlying causes of vulnerability and inform the development of effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. Method: The research methodology involves the use of structured questionnaires and surveys to collect data from 100 respondents in Surakarta. Statistical analysis, including regression analysis, is employed to assess the relationship between various demographic factors and climate change awareness. Demographic factors such as age, education level, and income are evaluated to understand their impact on climate change perception and responsiveness. Findings: The findings of the study highlight the importance of enhancing climate change knowledge among adolescents and local residents and underscore the need for targeted adaptation measures to address the unique challenges faced by urban communities in Surakarta. Conclusion: Overall, this study contributes to the broader understanding of climate change adaptation and resilience-building efforts in urban settings and provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and community stakeholders working in the field of climate change mitigation and adaptation. Novelty/Originality of this article: Using a structured survey, this study assessed climate change awareness and adaptation measures among adolescents and residents. The findings highlight the importance of improving knowledge about climate change and developing appropriate adaptation strategies for urban communities.

Public Conceptions of Climate Change Impact as a Human Health Risk. A Case Study in Cameroon

This research looks at the public’s perception of climate change’s impact as a human health risk in Cameroon. With the use of an extensive survey, the research investigates Cameroonian demographic data, levels of education, and views about the perception of climate change as a human health risk. The descriptive data reveal that master’s students are significantly represented among the participants, and men predominate. According to the findings, most students are aware of climate change and its serious future effects, which include rising poverty, disease outbreaks, and extreme temperatures. According to the study’s findings, tackling the complex issues raised by climate change requires an entire population that is both engaged and aware. Institutions of higher learning are essential to this effort since they emphasize how curriculum should incorporate climate education in order to empower many more generations to come. In order to improve public awareness and encourage significant steps toward sustainability as well as health protection in the context of climate change, the research emphasizes cooperation between legislators, learners, and the general public. These parties may build a society that is both ecologically conscientious and even more adaptable by cooperating. People can make decisions that help lessen the consequences of climate change by increasing their knowledge and consciousness. By adopting a comprehensive strategy, we can guarantee an environmentally friendly future for future generations in addition to the present one.

Effects of climate change on the availability of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Kavonge and Museve hilltop forests in Kenya

The study evaluated the effects of climate change on the availability of NTFPS in Kavonge and Museve hilltop forests in Kitui County, Kenya. The specific study objective was to assess local community perception on rainfall and temperature patterns on NTFPs availability. A sample size of 120 respondents were selected for the study using the Yamane formula. A purposive sampling method was used to select villages within 5 kilometer radius to both hilltop forests and a systematic transect line design of 1km by 1km was used to select households for data collections. Data were collected by employing structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus groups discussions. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, bar charts), chi-square test and logistic regression. The result revealed that majority 83.0% of respondents strongly agreed that climatic conditions of the area has changed. The results submit that 96% of the respondents perceived an increase in temperature pattern during this recent period of 2018-2023 while, 100% perceived a decrease in rainfall pattern during this recent period of 2018-2023. The logistic regression model results revealed that, age, education, occupation and residency period significantly (p < 0.05) influenced community perception of climate change (rainfall and temperature) patterns on NTFPs availability in the study area. It is ascertained that the Kavonge and Museve forests edge communities still rely on the available NTFPs as a safety net when faced with unfavorable circumstances, such as crop failure due to climate change. However, it was reported that the available quantities of NTFP are declining due to climate change. I conclude that, available NTFPs will continue to decrease if stringent sustainable utilization and management measures are not implemented.

A Cross Sectional Study On Knowledge, Risk Perception and Behavior related to Climate Change Among Students of University of Cyberjaya

Introduction: Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities. It is crucial to introduce the importance of understanding about climate change and its impacts on both the environment and human well-being worldwide as an integral component of educational curricula within institutions However, there is still lack of research on the knowledge, awareness and behaviour regarding climate change among students in the higher institution in Malaysia. Objectives: The study focuses on assessing the relationship between knowledge, risk perception, and behaviour related to climate change among University of Cyberjaya students. Methodologies: Cross-sectional study with proportionate stratified random sampling was conducted among University of Cyberjaya students using a validated questionnaire that cover sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, risk perception, and behaviour related to climate change. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaires (Google Form) via online and via physical approach. Data then analyzed with JASP 0.17 software; chi-square was used to determine associations between knowledge and risk perception, knowledge and behaviour, and risk perception and behavior of climate change. A statistical test with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The results indicate that climate change-related knowledge level among students at the University of Cyberjaya is mostly fair to low, with 29.6% have low knowledge and 36.1% fair knowledge. The risk perception among students is notably high, with 56.4% having a high-level of perception and 43.6% having a low-level perception towards climate change. 63.9% of the students have poor behaviour related to climate change. There is a statistically significant association between the knowledge level of climate change and the risk perception towards climate change among students at the University of Cyberjaya (p-value < 0.05). The association between risk perception and behaviour was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). However, the association between knowledge and behaviour towards climate change among students was not statistically significant (P = 0.054). This research provides valuable finding for the decision maker in higher institution to incorporate the understanding about climate change for the effectiveness of current educational approaches and the potential for future improvements.

Neuropsychiatric considerations in treating anorexia nervosa patients with osteopathic manipulative medicine: a narrative review.

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) has a growing recognition in serving as an effective treatment topromote adaptation and homeostasis of the body by addressing musculoskeletal, neural, vascular, and lymphatic structures to promote self-healing and regulation. OMM can treat the musculoskeletal tension and sympathetic hyperactivity resulting from the increased cortisol response and hypersensitivity found in varying psychiatric illnesses, including anorexia nervosa (AN). This paper addresses the considerations necessary for treating AN patients with OMM, emphasizing the need to evaluate their abnormal high-level neuronal processing of sensory information, including differences in touch perception compared to the general population. Current literature was gathered utilizing a combination of the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, perception of touch, and osteopathic manipulative medicine/treatment. No literature was found addressing the effects of OMM on treating AN patients. Eight studies addressed the change in perception of touch found in AN patients. Results of the literature review reveal that the perceptions of touch in AN patients are distorted and can lead to reduced perceived pleasantness encountered in social interactions and touch. Specific changes have been found in C-tactile (CT) afferents responsible for the positive effects of touch, thus influencing emotional regulation. The significance of addressing this topic is to provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of AN and to inform physicians of unconventional stimuli that may exacerbate AN symptoms and behaviors. Further study is required to elucidate the role and mechanism of OMM in patients with AN and whether manual therapy could worsen pathological behavior and thinking patterns seen in AN patients. Such studies could include, but are not limited to, examining biological factors such as cortisol levels in AN patients receiving OMM and collecting data about AN patients' thinking patterns and behavior during OMM treatment.

Empowering Equality Law With Nlp: A Social Network Analysis Approach to Drive Legal SDGS

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to use social media analysis to understand people's opinions about legal equality. Theoretical Framework: The study builds on social studies theory and existing literature to explore the complexity of society's reaction to legal equality. It focuses on how public opinion evolves over time and the factors influencing these changes, including language, age, and gender. Method: Data was gathered from various social media platforms on September 8, 14, and 15, 2023, using the Talkwalker Social Intelligence Platform. The analysis involved monitoring public opinion trends and performing a theme analysis to identify recurring themes in the discourse. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed essential trends in societal reactions to legal equality. Notable changes in perceptions of specific issues were observed, and prominent aspects of legal equality, such as language, age, and gender, were identified. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how society perceives legal equality and the dynamics influencing these perceptions. Research Implications: The study enhances existing literature and advances social studies theory by offering insights into the complexity of societal reactions to legal equality. It also demonstrates the potential of social media analysis using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Talkwalker-type tools to understand how social interactions shape opinions and to inform policy planning. Originality/Value: This research illuminates the social dynamics of legal equality and showcases the effectiveness of combining SNA with social media analysis tools. The findings offer valuable contributions to theoretical and practical discussions on legal equality and policy-making, particularly in the context of promoting the SDGs.

“The dead do not negotiate”: Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, and Britain’s obsession with history

ABSTRACT Why do we remember the dead with such intensity in Britain, as if they were still among us? I argue that Hilary Mantel makes a critical intervention in this debate with her historical fictions Wolf Hall (2009), Bring Up the Bodies (2012) and The Mirror and the Light (2020). Her novels are theoretical and political interventions that allow us to critically evaluate historiographic, heritage and commemorative practices in contemporary Britain. I argue that they demonstrate the harmful consequences of commemorations centred around the continuous revival of the dead, because this practice justifies injuries against and negligence of the living through an appeal to imagined ancestors, who cannot engage in compromise or change their minds. This mode of knowing the past results in social standstill and the perception of social and political change as a threat. Thinking through the characteristics of this historical epistemology with Martin Davies, Walter Benjamin and Friedrich Nietzsche, I go on to argue that Hilary Mantel’s intervention exposes the violent consequences of such a mode of knowing the past and proposes a radical alternative: rather than negotiating with the dead, it reminds us to focus on the needs of the vulnerable living in the present.

Green Growth, Green Development and Climate Change Perceptions: Evidence from a Greek Region

Green Growth, Green Development and Climate Change Perceptions: Evidence from a Greek Region

Supplemental Material for Communicating Nonviolence Messages: Effects of Racial Cues and Message Format on Black Parents’ Message Credibility Perceptions and Behavioral Change

Supplemental Material for Communicating Nonviolence Messages: Effects of Racial Cues and Message Format on Black Parents’ Message Credibility Perceptions and Behavioral Change