Perceptual Attitude Research Articles

Anthropomorphism Moderates the Relationships of Dispositional, Perceptual, and Behavioral Trust in a Robot Teammate

Trust plays a critical role in the success of human-robot teams (HRTs). While typically studied as a perceptual attitude, trust also encompasses individual dispositions and interactive behaviors like compliance. Anthropomorphism, the attribution of human-like qualities to robots, is a related phenomenon that designers often leverage to positively influence trust. However, the relationship of anthropomorphism to perceptual, dispositional, and behavioral trust is not fully understood. This study explores how anthropomorphism moderates these relationships in a virtual urban search and rescue HRT scenario. Our findings indicate that the moderating effects of anthropomorphism depend on how a robot’s recommendations and its confidence in them are communicated through text and graphical information. These results highlight the complexity of the relationships between anthropomorphism, trust, and the social conveyance of information in designing for safe and effective human-robot teaming.

Перцептивная топонимика (на материале географических названий России)

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the sensory component of toponyms and identification key strategies in nominating various geographical objects through the prism of sensory perception. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that such investigation allows receiving general information about society development and highlighting the peculiarities of its perceptual attitude to the surrounding. Materials and Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the toponymic dictionaries and Internet resources dedicated to the geographical names of Russia. Method of semantic-onomasiological analysis made it possible to select and classify toponyms that possess the seme of perception, and distinguish the main trends in the use of different linguistic means that help to reveal modes of perception in the names of geographical objects. Analysis. In the course of the study, it was investigated that the names actualizing visual perception construct the largest group, where several subgroups related to the position of the geographical object, its size, color, shape and quantity could be distinguished. The modes of auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile perception are presented in toponymy by a relatively small number. Among these names, the most frequent are hydronyms, from which oikonyms and oronyms are derived. Results. In conclusion, it is stated that sensory toponymy represents an interesting sphere of investigation as it allows tracing the main features of sensory perception of geographical objects and identifing key trends in perceptual space construction.

Adaptive immersive Virtual Environments as a treatment for depersonalization disorder

Depersonalization is a dissociative disorder associated to a profound disruption of self-awareness in the form of emotional numbing and feelings of disembodiment. The salient feature of depersonalization is a breakdown in the familiarity of one's psychological and somatic self (and surroundings when derealization is also present), in spite of being aware of the unreality of the change. At an early stage of research it was realized that people inclined to dissociation find it harder to tolerate discontinuity in perceptual environments, possibly due to a rigid perceptual attitude. Consequently, perceptual discontinuity experienced during momentary immersion into a VE would be expected to increase symptoms of dissociation among individuals prone to develop them. It has been put forward that a tendency toward immersion or absorption, linking to imaginative processes underlying the dissociative experience, significantly relates to the level of change in virtual reality-induced dissociative symptoms. Consequently, it has been implied that increased tolerability of perceptual discontinuities and a more flexible perceptual attitude in people suffering depersonalization/derealization disorder may be of help. We propose the use of adaptive immersive virtual environments to the treatment of depersonalization. In particular, we propose that implementation of biofeedback electrical stimulation to detect somato-sensory processing bias may contribute to selectively targeting deranged neurocognitive processing components, and as an indirect consequence promote, to some extent, the diagnostic process. Psychophysiological approaches may be of help in the treatment of depersonalization via additional series of afferent inputs - virtual reality (VR) stimuli - to alter the receptive fields of the affected proprioceptive systems and reorganize them. The aim of this paper is to stimulate future research towards the development of potential virtual rehabilitation programs based on biofeedback, electrical stimulation and concurrent measurement of galvanic skin response and EEG targeting selective somatosensory stimulation in patients with depersonalization. Our research hypotheses might constitute a starting point for the development of new treatment tools for depersonalization in particular and depersonalization/derealization disorder in general.

The Ontological Importance of Being a Perceptual Attitude

The Ontological Importance of Being a Perceptual Attitude

The role of perceptual attitudes of managers in the cognition of employees of the organization

The article discusses the features of perceptual attitudes in the process of cognition of employees of the organization. Evaluation is understood as a manifestation of the evaluative component of thinking about another, and the perceptual attitude as a person's predisposition to perceive, act and evaluate the subject of interpersonal interaction in a certain way. The features of understanding evaluations in modern psychology are revealed, and the role of the evaluation component in thinking about another person is shown. The article presents socio-demographic professional factors that influence the formation of both employee and employee evaluations by the Manager. The main results of the study are described, indicating that the nature of self-esteem (overestimated or underestimated self-esteem) and the perceptual attitudes of the Manager determine the General trend of employee reflection. The identified trends and features of interpersonal cognition, the preservation of which is provided by setting mechanisms, reflect the attitude to individual qualities that managers have formed in the process of joint activities in terms of their significance for the implementation of the goals of the activity. However, changes in the goals of activities also lead to changes in the direction and nature of assessments from the outside.

Romantic Refractions: Light Effects in Ruskin's Poetry

The poetry of John Ruskin – which amounts to a surprisingly large body of work, mostly written in the 1830s and 1840s – reveals the stirrings of the moral perceptual attitude that would emerge with such distinctive force in Modern Painters, yet one guided by the influences of Keats, Shelley and Byron as much as the natural theology of Wordsworth (despite Modern Painters taking its epigraph from The Excursion). Although in some respects a poetry of post-Romantic transition, Ruskin's work also demonstrates a consistent interest in light – in ways that affirm its imaginative commerce with second-generation Romanticism – while exploring light's physical properties and dynamic environmental effects. Focusing in particular on his prize-winning poem ‘Salsette and Elephanta’ (1839), I suggest that Ruskin's poems establish possibilities that reach beyond merely received metaphorical meanings (light as redemptive telos and/or abstract condition of the visible) and instead look forward to the overdetermined stylisations typical of his mature prose works.

Minding the Gap: Detachment and Understanding in Aleksej Losev's Dialektika mifa

Aleksej Losev's definition of myth centres onthe concept of detachment. In modern timesdetachment has most often figured in thecontext of philosophical aesthetics, where itis a cognitive category akin to Kant's``disinterestedness'' or the Russian formalists'``estrangement.'' However Losev's usage alsomakes reference to the ontological sense ofdetachment as contemplativeascent (cf. Meister Eckhardt'sAbgeschiedenheit). Thus, Losev's concept ofmyth combines both senses of detachment,binding perceptual attitude and being togetherin a double movement of resignation from theworld and union with meaning; this movementliterally makes sense out of reality. Ittherefore bears comparison to the treatment ofdistanciation in contemporary hermeneutics,where detachment is a key condition ofunderstanding. By investigating Losev'sconnections to other Russian thinkers, theauthor makes a case for a distinct Russiantradition of hermeneutic philosophy (V. Ivanov,G. Shpet, A. Bakshy, A. Losev).

Schachtel on Form: Once More, With Feeling

The Form (F) response is based on the shape-form-outline of the inkblot, and is generally considered the simplest of the Rorschach determinants because it is easy to score, understand, and interpret. F is one of the very few concepts about which Rorschach, Beck, Hertz, Klopfer, Piotrowski, Rapaport-Schafer, and, later, Exner, have found consensus. Allegedly, it represents affect-free, pure-picture perception and, psychiatrically, is used to assess the capacity for accurate, consensually defined reality testing. However, Schachtel's 1941 (modified, Schachtel, 1966) article, Dynamic Perception and the Symbolism of Form, was the first to challenge this view by expanding the understanding of this determinant; his contributions are explored here. Schachtel explored the psychological function and meaning of the F response, offering 6 issues for consideration: (a) the role of form perception, (b) the perceptual attitude underlying the F response, (c) perceptual hold, (d) delay and the F response, (e) the development of the F response, and, most important, (f) the Dynamic Form response (DF). This article focuses on the DF response. The DF response recasts some F responses to include the presence of affect. When linked with Rapaport's (1958) concept of the autonomy of the ego, the DF response provides information on the ego' s ability to hold, tolerate, and neutralize affect. In short, the DF response carries affect (both nutriment and discharge) that is otherwise blocked in the pure F response. We build on Schachtel's work by offering suggestions for the clinical identification and use of the DF response.

Being Concerned With Well-Being and With Learning

The cognitive system is designed for knowledge and skill acquisition, but, as several researchers have pointed out, learning is also facilitated or hampered by emotions, moods, and feelings. Emotions are stored in memory along with declarative and procedural knowledge, and this information may be used as a gross discriminator to identify quickly problematic and nonproblematic situations. As such, emotions can be seen as action readiness changes that are linked to current concerns. They remind the person of past problematic or nonproblematic situations. When negative emotions create a pessimistic perceptual attitude, they may draw the learner's attention to task-irrelevant aspects that activate intrusive thoughts and create a concern for well-being rather than for learning. An optimistic perceptual attitude may lead to short-term learning intentions and to activity in the mastery mode.

Symmetry as an aesthetic factor

In classical antiquity symmetry meant commensurability and was believed to constitute a canon of beauty in nature as in art. This intellectualist conception of beauty persisted through the Middle Ages with the addition doctrine that the phenomenal world manifests an imperfect replica of the ideal symmetry of divine Creation. The concept of the Golden Section came to the fore at the Renaissance and has continued as a minority interest both for organic nature and for fine art. The modern idea of symmetry is based more loosely upon the balance of shapes or magnitudes and corresponds to a change from an intellectual to a perceptual attitude towards aesthetic experience. None of these theories of symmetry has turned out to be a principle by following which aesthetically satisfying works of art can be mechanically constructed. In contemporary theory the vaguer notion of organic unity has usurped the prominence formerly enjoyed by that of balanced symmetry.

Imperception of phi: some further determinants.

An apparent movement situation was presented to control and neurotic groups. Perception of the phi phenomenon was postulated to be associated with neurotic mechanisms and with behaviour operationally defined as conflict and ambiguity avoidance, and was considered to express a generalized perceptual attitude of the individual. Neurotics were found to have lower mean movement intervals than control subjects, and to find it more difficult to perceive the phi phenomenon. The latter tendency was particularly marked in obsessionals and hysterics. Perception of phi was found to be associated with age of subject, becoming more difficult with greater age. Imperception of phi among the neurotic sample remained greater than in the control group after partialling out age. The findings are interpreted as supporting two hypotheses derived from a set of postulates linking a perceptual attitude of ambiguity avoidance with ego defences.

Sex Differences in the Perceptual Attitude of Children

Sex Differences in the Perceptual Attitude of Children

Psychology as a Science of Objective Relations

There is sufficient evidence from more recent experiments in psychology that equal retinal stimulus-elements do not lead to equal experiences and reactions except under certain rather specific conditions. An unsophisticated observer will find himself surprised to be able to cover with his own finger a person entering the door of his living room. When the finger is moved to the right or left, thus doing away with the precise retinal coincidence with the person, the observer will soon become unable to recognize intuitively the actual retinal stimulus equality of the two distant things. This usually holds even for the case when he is making every inner effort towards an antagonistic, analytic perceptual attitude of the type which is used by painters or draughtsmen in order to represent the environmental situation in a similar way as it would project itself on a photographic plate or on a retina.