Perceptions Of Social Relationships Research Articles

Addressing loneliness and social isolation through the involvement of primary and secondary informal caregivers in nursing homes: a scoping review

ObjectivesTo clarify the mechanisms of interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation in older adults living in nursing homes through the involvement of primary and secondary informal caregivers.MethodsThis scoping review was performed by two independent reviewers, covering the period between 2011 and 2022 and the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus. It included terms related to (A) informal caregivers, (B) nursing homes, (C) psychosocial interventions, (D) involvement and (E) social isolation or loneliness.ResultsThirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Although there were various definitions and assessment tools related to social isolation and loneliness, the studies referred to three dimensions of these concepts in nursing home residents: the quantity of social interactions, the perception of these encounters and biographical changes in social relationships. Most studies did not explicate the mechanisms of these interventions. The review uncovered the following aspects of intervention mechanisms: increasing opportunities for social contact, creating meaningful encounters, maintaining existing relationships with primary informal caregivers and establishing new ones with secondary informal caregivers.ConclusionStudies reporting on interventions addressing loneliness and social isolation in nursing home residents need to clarify and detail their intervention mechanisms in order to foster more targeted interventions. In addition, there is a need for further research on large-scale programs or care philosophies in this field and the development of intervention designs, which allow for tailored intervention formats in order to respond to the individual perception of social relationships.

Tren Budaya Kontemporer: Interaksi Antara Islam dan Fenomena K-Pop di Kalangan Remaja SMAN 5 Kota Tangerang Selatan

In the context of cultural globalization, the views of Muslims in Indonesia on the influx of foreign cultures, especially K-Pop from South Korea, is an interesting topic to discuss. With respect to K-Pop, the interaction between Islam and the K-Pop phenomenon has become a modern cultural trend that is interesting to study in an era of increasingly connected cultural globalization, while still considering the existence and importance of existing local cultures. Both phenomena have a significant influence on the identity, lifestyle and worldview of today's youth. It is through this study that we can investigate how adolescents at SMAN 5 South Tangerang City who are Muslims respond to and interact with the K-Pop phenomenon, including how K-Pop culture affects their perceptions of social relationships, self-identity, and religious values. The focus of this study is to discuss how the phenomenon of the interaction dynamics between Islam and K-Pop culture among teenagers at SMAN 5 South Tangerang City, including the factors that influence their preference for K-Pop content, how they act on content that contradicts religious values, and how the Islamic community at the school handles the challenges and opportunities that arise from this interaction. The purpose of this study is to provide better information on how Muslim teenagers in schools cope with the challenges and opportunities that arise from these interactions. The rise of this culture, known as the “Korean Wave”, has been growing from the early 2000s to the present. Most people view K-Pop as a cultural threat that will weaken the local values found in Indonesia and undermine the quality of the existing culture. In the end, K-Pop spread because its fans came from all walks of life. It is also spreading not only because of the pop culture factor, but because of the movies, fashion, lifestyle, and culinary that are increasingly favored by Indonesians, especially Muslim teenagers. As a result, ordinary people are noticing the increasing threat of foreign K-Pop culture entering Indonesia.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of social relationships, negative affect, and paranoid ideation.

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to worsening mental health across the globe. The pandemic may have been especially impactful on those experiencing heightened psychosis spectrum symptomatology given greater pre-pandemic social isolation and increased vulnerability to stress. Yet, few studies exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of social relationships and mental health have sampled individuals high in psychosis spectrum symptomatology, including those with psychosis spectrum disorders. Utilizing a mixed transdiagnostic community sample enriched for psychotic spectrum disorders, this longitudinal study investigated whether perceptions of social relationships and psychiatric symptoms changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, whether pandemic-related impacts were associated with social perceptions and symptomatology, and whether paranoid ideation was related to perceptions of the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pandemic impacts were not uniform, with participants reporting a range of adverse impacts including poorer health-related behaviors, difficulties fulfilling basic needs, and medical related challenges. Results indicated that compared to pre-pandemic assessments, perceived rejection and hostility increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who experienced more pandemic-related impacts reported less social support, more social distress, greater negative affect, and greater paranoid ideation. Paranoid ideation was related to more negative perceptions of the government's response to the pandemic. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing individual differences in pandemic-related impacts and the clinical consequences of such impacts. Results also suggest that those high in paranoid ideation may be reluctant to engage in government recommended protective health behaviors to limit the spread of COVID-19.

Bidirectional Associations Between Loneliness, Emotional Support, and Sleep in Daily Life.

Evidence suggests a link between positive social relationship perceptions and improved sleep (e.g., quality, efficiency) across the life span. Less work has probed the directionality of these relationships. Here, we report findings from the first study to examine bidirectional between- and within-person associations between loneliness and emotional support with daily life measures of sleep. Participants were 389 healthy adults aged 40 to 64 years (61% female) who completed hourly surveys assessing loneliness and perceptions of emotional support over the course of 4 days. Measures of actigraphy-assessed sleep and nightly sleep quality were also assessed for 7 to 10 days. Individuals with lower average daily loneliness showed higher sleep quality and efficiency than individuals with higher loneliness (r = -0.19, p < .001; r = -0.14, p = .008, respectively), and greater average emotional support was likewise linked with better sleep quality (r = 0.18, p < .001). Controlling for neuroticism attenuated the effects of average loneliness on sleep. Within-person analyses showed unexpected bidirectional effects. Specifically, days in which people felt relatively lonelier were followed by nights with greater sleep efficiency (γ = 1.08, p = .015), and nights when people reported relatively poorer sleep quality were followed by days with greater emotional support (γ = -0.04, p = .013). These unexpected findings are probed in exploratory analyses. Individuals with higher loneliness and lower emotional support report poorer sleep quality and efficiency, on average. Day-to-day fluctuations in perceptions of social relationships may affect the following night's sleep, and vice versa.

A Qualitative Study of the Social Relationship Experiences Across the Life Course Among Black/African American Women Aging With HIV in the South.

Black/African American women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, facing multiple intersecting challenges that influence how they age and effectively manage their health. Supportive social relationships have been shown to help mitigate challenges and improve health in women with HIV, but little is known about Black/African American women's perceptions of social relationships. Guided by Life Course Theory, in-depth life history interviews were conducted with 18 Black/African American women aged 50+ years. In older adulthood, most important relationships among Black/African American women were with their adult children and grandchildren, intimate partners, God, and friends from the community. Factors that influenced relationships over time included: (a) a desire to build a community; (b) a need to empower oneself and give back; (c) yearning to engage the younger generation; and (d) battling HIV stigma. Older Black/African American women with HIV played a critical role in the education of the younger generation.

Workplace Well-Being in Post-COVID-19 Indonesia: Workplace Loneliness and Happiness at Work with the Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support

Social relationships within the workplace have been recognized to be vital for employee’s well-being. In this post Covid-19 era in Indonesia, major shifts in working arrangements have the potential to impact employees’ social relationships dynamics. Loneliness can emerge as a counterpoint to having positive social relationships. This non-experimental research employs a survey method to explore Workplace Loneliness (WL), Perceived Workplace Social Support (PWSS), and Happiness at Work (HAW) in post Covid-19 pandemic Indonesia. Statistical analysis is performed on responses from 201 participants representing employees with diverse working arrangements in Indonesian organizations, sampled using convenience sampling. Key research findings are as follows: 1) Comparing three employee groups with different working arrangements (WFH, WFO, and a blend of WFH and WFO) reveals no significant differences in WL levels, yet PWSS and HAW levels among the compared groups show significant variations. 2) WL has a significant negative association with HAW. 3) A moderation analysis is performed to reveal a significant negative interaction effect of WL and PWSS on HAW. These findings contribute to existing literature by shedding light on variables related to employee perceptions of social relationships and well-being in the workplace. This research delves into how employee perceptions of both negative (loneliness) and positive (perceived social support) aspects of social relationships correlate with workplace happiness. Additionally, this research highlights the post-Covid-19 disruption context in Indonesia, which impacted variations of employees’ working arrangements.

언어 네트워크 분석 방법을 활용한 한국어 강연 어휘 분석 연구

This study uses text mining to analyze the lexical corpus found in the introductory phrase of South Korean “Sebasi Talk” speeches, categorizing the speeches into different topics. Sebasi Talk speeches can be classed into three themes with the following implications. First, through the theme “Family and Social Connections,” Korean learners can develop an understanding of the importance of family, social relationships, and the pursuit of happiness as the theme conveys the significance of the family as a social unit in Korean culture. Second, the theme of “Personality and Happiness of Success,” enables learners to understand the social perspective of being recognized for their values and pursuing success and happiness simultaneously, as the theme indicates that personality growth, goal achievement, and self-awareness are related to pursuing happiness. Third, through the theme “Social Change and Technological Innovation,” learners can examine the perception of social relationships and understand the importance of technological progress and knowledge, considering that keywords such as world, future, and society appear frequently in this theme. Consequently, this study can help learners improve their language skills by expanding their vocabulary range through the various topics of Sebasi Talks.

From kinship networks to culture of relatedness: a shift of safety nets during health pandemics in the kenyan context.

Evidence suggests that, during pandemics such as COVID-19, people with low incomes within developing countries suffered disproportionately. Households across countries differentially experienced the socio-economic impact of the pandemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, the extended family and the community have provided valuable support in crises, given that state-administered backing may not be sufficient or may differ from the family's expectations. Many studies have been conducted on community safety nets, yet little description and understanding of community safety nets has been provided. The components of the non-formal safety nets are yet to be adequately defined or evaluated for effectiveness. Traditional family and community safety nets have been under stress due to the impact of COVID-19. Many countries, including Kenya, have associated COVID-19 with an increased number of households facing social and economic crises. Families and communities got fatigued due to the extended period and the further strain the pandemic had on individuals and societies. Utilizing existing literature on the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in Kenya and the roles and perceptions of community safety nets, this paper seeks to explain the roles and perceptions of social relationships and kinship networks as safety nets in Africa, specifically in the Kenyan context. This paper employs the concept of culture of relatedness to understand the informal safety nets in Kenya better. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals strengthened the previously weakened kinship structures. They addressed some of the challenges experienced within the networks through the involvement of neighbors and friends embracing the culture of relatedness. Therefore, government strategies for social support during pandemics need to design programs to strengthen the community safety nets that remained resilient throughout the health crisis.

Analysis of Academic Psychological Variables, Physical Education, and Physical Activity Levels of Mexican Students.

Physical inactivity is a current worldwide, and especially Mexican adolescents. Therefore, this study has the following objectives: (i) to analyze the PA-LT pattern of Mexican adolescents; (ii) to analyze whether there are differences in emotional intelligence, basic psychological needs, academic motivation, self-esteem, and academic satisfaction according to the PA-LT pattern; (iii) to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, basic psychological needs, academic motivation, self-esteem, and academic satisfaction. A total of 748 secondary school students participated, of which 374 were girls (Mean age = 13.99; SD = 0.30) and 374 boys (Mean age = 14.02; SD = 0.33). The questionnaire comprised the following scales: IE, NPB-ESC, EMA, EA, and SIE. The main results obtained show that none of the girls stick to any active physical activity pattern during their spare time. In addition, physically active boys obtained better scores in emotional clarity, emotional repair, perception of academic competence, perception of social relationships, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, self-esteem, and satisfaction with school.

Sleep loss and lack of social interaction: a summary interview

Sleep loss is popular in modern society, and this health problem may further lead to social dysfunctions. In this article, we present some interesting behavioral and fMRI studies in the field of sleep and social functions. In light of these studies, we provide a dynamic framework for understanding the relationship between sleep loss and social interaction. In this framework, four sequential stages construct a life circle of interaction. The effects of sleep loss have distinct functions in each stage and correspond to different brain networks. These functions include the desire for social interaction, social withdrawal, subjective perceptions of social relationships, and loneliness. More importantly, we identify the core behavioral factors may be sleepiness, social-emotional processing, memory control, and rumination. For the brain networks, default mode network, negative affective network, inhibitory control network, and near-space networks may contribute to the relation between sleep loss and social interaction. In the future, experiments based on ecological sampling, and tracking studies based on the life cycle of interaction may be helpful for our understanding of this framework. The applications of some new technologies such as brain stimulation and neural feedback can be taken at different stages of social interactions.

Remembering the Past for Better Future: Positive Effect of Nostalgia on Hope

Living in uncertainty situation is not easy for some human being. It gives effect for mental health and decreasing hope for sustainability harmonize living. Surprisingly, some people could live positively during crisis. It becomes a model on ‘how can we live such a tough situation’. This study explored the positive effect of nostalgia on hope during crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The research applied predictive-correlational quantitative method with 315 emerging adulthoods from Indonesia having an age range from 18-25 years. Hope was measured using The Herth Hope Index (HHI) developed by Herth, adapted to the Indonesian version in the COVID-19 pandemic context by the authors. Meanwhile nostalgia was measured using the Indonesian version of State Functions of Nostalgia Scale which was adapted by Abraham, Ali, Andangsari, and Hartanti from Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides, and Wildschut. Result has shown that nostalgia had a significant positive effect on hope. It can be concluded that nostalgia significantly gave a positive effect on hope during the uncertainty situation like the COVID-19 pandemic. Reminiscing a nostalgic memory that happened before the pandemic occurred help young people to eliminate negative mood, increase self-esteem, increase a perception of social relationships, and develop a perception towards the meaning of life which make someone less anxious.

Social relationships and grit in English as a foreign language learning among high school students: A three-wave longitudinal study.

This study examined the longitudinal reciprocal relations between students’ grit and their perceptions of social relationships (teacher-student and peer relationships) in studying English as a foreign language (EFL). A total of 2,435 students from Grades 10-11 in China (Mage = 16.40 years old, 54.2% female) participated in the study on three occasions across 1 year. The three-wave cross-lagged analytic model results indicated that (a) peer relationship and grit reciprocally enhanced each other across both intervals; (b) the teacher-student relationship at Time 2 was influenced by Time 1 grit, but not vice versa. Nevertheless, the teacher-student relationship transactionally facilitated each other during the second interval (from Time 2 to Time 3). The multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) results indicated that such relations remained stable across gender. The study’s findings contribute to ongoing research delineating the dynamic system between social relationships and grit in EFL learning. It also reveals that males and females benefit similarly during social communications with peers and their English language teachers. Implications for educational practices were discussed.

Impact of Social Cognition on the Self-Rated Health of the Elderly and Its Mechanisms: Evidence From China's Comprehensive Social Survey.

Whether and how the differentiated social cognition of the elderly affects their self-rated health has not been deeply discussed. Based on social cognition theory and Chinese situation, this study constructs the social cognitive dimension of Chinese elderly including social attitude, class identity and perception of social relations. Using the data from Chinese General Social Survey in 2017, this study screens out 1,728 elderly people aged 60 and over, and discusses the impact mechanism of social cognition on self-rated health of Chinese elderly people aged 60 and over by the construction of structural equation model and mediation effect test method. The results show that social attitude, class identity and perceptions of social relationships have significantly positive effects on the self-rated health levels of elderly individuals. Among them, the path coefficient of social attitude to self-rated health was 0.049, the path coefficient of class identity to self-rated health was 0.171, and the path coefficient of social relationship perception to self-rated health was 0.248; both class identity and perception of social relationship have significant mediating effects on elderly self-rated health through social engagement. This study shows that social cognition rarely studied in existing literature has significant effects on the self-rated health of older adults, providing fruitful insights for enhancing the self-rated health level of elderly individuals.

The Impact of Netflix’s Drama on Teenagers’ Perceptions of Social Relationship

This research paper analyzes the huge change teenagers currently undergo as they watch content that affects the way they think in the present time as well as in the upcoming future. A clear example is the American streaming service of Netflix which plays an important role in influencing teenagers’ perceptions of social relationships. In light of this, the study presents and discusses the findings of the effect of Netflix on teenagers' perceptions of social relationships regarding families, friends and gender at large. It also examines the negative and positive aspects of Netflix. The study thus focuses on two theoretical frameworks; Social Learning Theory and Third Person Theory. Methodologically, the research relies on quantitative and qualitative data, as it conducts an in-depth interview with 25 parents and holds a questionnaire with 110 teenagers. The results reveal that teenagers are influenced by the content Netflix presents, as it has a significant impact not only on how they think, but also on their attitudes, social experiences, habits and cultural experiences.

The Impact of Attachment on Experiencing Well-Being

Man is a social animal, says Aristotle. We are born, we grow, we form, we develop, we prosper in groups. Being a good, balanced parent is a very important stake, because a family climate lacking love and emotional security will generate a similar perception of social relationships for the child. It will appear as unstable, dangerous, difficult to control, causing the child to show relationship difficulties, to feel unable to cope with an environment he considers hostile and will negatively influence the experience of well-being. Children and adolescents face various challenges in life, especially today. When the family provides support and encouragement, affection and conditions for the development of a secure attachment pattern, children will easily overcome and successfully manage the future organization of psychological, emotional and biological resources. The present research aims to investigate the possible link between the type of attachment acquired in childhood and the experience of well-being in adulthood, essential elements that contribute to improving the quality of life.

Leisure-time physical activity and its correlates in a multi-ethnic sample of adults over age 50 in Singapore

BackgroundTo examine the prevalence and correlates of regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among community-dwelling adults in Singapore.MethodsData was sourced from the 2018–2019 Singapore Life Panel, which asked respondents about their current LTPA participation at various time-points over a seven-month period. The final sample comprised 7684 subjects over age 50. We applied logistic regression models in our analysis.Results39.8% of the respondents engaged in regular LTPA, with significantly higher proportions of men than women doing so. Factors positively associated with regular LTPA in both genders were age, education, retired, income, and satisfaction with social life, whereas a negative association was found with self-rated health. The correlates of sustained LTPA participation were relatively consistent with factors predicting current participation.ConclusionsRegular participation in recreational physical activities is important to promoting health and well-being among middle-aged and older adults as populations age. Our findings indicated that positive perceptions of social relationships and being retired are important supporting factors. The urgent development of physical activity promotion strategies and interventions are required to foster greater overall LTPA participation.

Psychological correlates of arbovirus preventive health behaviour.

Current arbovirus preventive health interventions do not take social and personality variables into account. Social cognition models posit that people engage in preventive health behaviour (PHB) after an assessment of the perceived risk of disease, an analysis of potential consequences and an evaluation of self-efficacy. In a sample of 385 undergraduate and medical students, we examined the association between social relationships, conscientiousness and mosquito repellent use. Data were analysed in a series of stepwise regression analyses. Social relationships influenced the association between conscientiousness and mosquito repellent use. As expected, perceptions of positive social relationships and conscientiousness are positively linked with mosquito repellent use. Conversely, perceptions of negative social relationships are linked to an inverse association between conscientiousness and mosquito repellent use. Future interventions designed to increase perceptions of social relationships might be helpful in increasing arbovirus preventive health behaviour such as using mosquito repellents. Since the present study was concurrent correlational in nature, future research would benefit from experimental interventions designed to directly examine the effect of enhancing positive relations and social support on arbovirus preventive health behaviour.

Factores psicosociales que influyen en el ausentismo: Evaluación de un modelo explicativo

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar un modelo explicativo del ausentismo laboral, con base en la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la mediación de la percepción de relaciones sociales y del estrés laboral; este se conformó con base en las predicciones de modelos teóricos como Demandas-Control, Desbalance Esfuerzo-Recompensas y Apoyo Social, implícitos en el instrumento usado, así como en los antecedentes de investigación consultados. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un modelado con ecuaciones estructurales con los datos de medición de riesgo psicosocial y ausentismo hecha con 252 trabajadores de una compañía agroindustrial del departamento del Cesar en Colombia; fue aplicada la Batería de Riesgo Psicosocial de Villalobos, Vargas, Rondón y Felknor (2013a, 2013b). Con base en los indicadores de bondad de ajuste, se descartó el modelo teórico inicial, así como otros dos modelos planteados, por lo que se afirma que solo algunas formas específicas de ausentismo son determinadas por el estrés laboral producto de la conjunción de riesgo ante relaciones interpersonales y demandas laborales, combinado con riesgo proveniente de condiciones extralaborales. La inclusión de las relaciones interpersonales en el modelo es totalmente esperable con base en los hallazgos de diferentes investigaciones precedentes. Por otro lado, la exclusión del factor control sobre el trabajo fue inesperada, pues en estudios antecedentes esta guardó mayor relación con el ausentismo que las demandas del trabajo. Se discute sobre las limitaciones del estudio y sobre la necesidad de complejizar en Colombia la investigación sobre la relación del riesgo psicosocial con otros constructos psicológicos y con las consecuencias organizacionales.

4385 The Pain and Social Experiences Project: Understanding the role of interpersonal trauma in pain

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Traumatic interpersonal experiences are associated with higher rates of chronic pain, increased pain severity and poorer functioning. The objective of this ongoing project is to obtain prevalence rates for various forms of interpersonal trauma among individuals with chronic pain, and to explore the potential mediating effect of heightened sensory and social sensitivity on the experience of pain. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients at Michigan Medicine between the ages of 18 and 65 complete an online survey. Patients are being recruited through a tertiary-care, outpatient pain clinic, as well as through an online health research portal. We aim to recruit 700 participants; we currently have 59.6% of our goal (n = 417). Participants also have the option to be included in a registry from which we can recruit for future studies. Approximately 85% of our participants have agreed to be in the registry. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary data show that, of the 263 (63.4%) participants for whom data on chronic pain is available, 167 (63.5%) report chronic or persistent pain over the previous 3 months. Of these, 54% reported some form of childhood abuse or neglect. Approximately 41% reported four or more adverse childhood experiences. Additionally, of the 122 participants (73%) who were in a current romantic relationship, 20% reported some form of physical violence victimization from their romantic partner. We anticipate that interpersonal trauma will be associated with poorer perceptions of social relationships, higher sensory sensitivity, and higher perceived stress. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The PASE Project parent study will be used to better understand prevalence rates for various forms of interpersonal trauma in our chronic pain population. Future analyses and studies will explore alternative pathways linking interpersonal trauma to the experience of pain through sensory and social sensitivity, which will inform interventions aimed at reducing pain among patients with a history of trauma.

Sleep Problems and Social Impairment in Psychosis: A Transdiagnostic Study Examining Multiple Social Domains.

Psychotic disorders are characterized by profound social impairment. An accumulation of research has explored the contribution of symptoms, cognitive functioning, and behavioral skills deficits to this social dysfunction. Recent research indicates that sleep disturbance has significant social implications in nonclinical populations—this research suggests that sleep problems may also be relevant to understanding social impairment in psychosis. This study adopted a symptom-oriented dimensional approach to examine how sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment are related to multiple social domains within a transdiagnostic sample (N = 90). This sample included individuals with a variety of psychotic disorders (n = 75) along with healthy non-clinical participants (n = 15) to ensure sampling across the full range of sleep problems and social functioning. Social domains spanned self-reported perceptions of social relationships, social functioning in the community, and behavioral assessments of social competence. We hypothesized that greater sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment would be associated with more negative or problematic perceptions of social relationships (i.e., less social support, less companionship, and greater distress), poorer social functioning in the community, smaller social networks, and poorer behavioral ratings of social competency. Results supported these hypotheses indicating that sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment have widespread deleterious impacts on perceptions of social relationships, social functioning, and competence. Sleep disturbance retained associations with perceptions of social relationships, social functioning, and social competence even after controlling for total symptoms or cognitive functioning. These findings indicate that sleep problems may have important implications for fully understanding the causes of social impairment in psychosis.