Perceptions Of Social Environment Research Articles

Refugee entrepreneurship motivations in Sweden and Germany: a comparative case study

Refugee entrepreneurs can make a significant contribution to sustainable growth and development in host countries. However, comprehensive comparative studies of refugee entrepreneurial motivations are scarce, particularly in the absence of a theoretical framework on entrepreneurship motivation that is suitable for such contexts. This is a research topic that is increasingly of interest to scholars and policymakers working with refugee workforce integration, particularly in light of forecasted increases in global forced displacement over the next years. This paper tests and extends newly constructed entrepreneurship motivation measures, comparing person-related factors and the perceptions of environmental-related factors for Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in Sweden and Germany. The results indicate that their motivations differ between the two countries with respect to market conditions, the educational environment, dissatisfaction, and know-how. However, refugee entrepreneurs in both countries have similar levels of entrepreneurial ambition and attitude and are motivated by similar perceptions of social environments and cultural norms. This paper identifies how entrepreneurship motivation differences could be considered by governments to better shape and inform host countries’ programs and policies to improve refugee entrepreneurship and subsequent integration.

생활체육 참가자의 코로나19 위험지각이 스트레스와 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 risk perception on stress and exercise adherence intention for sport participants. Preparing for COVID-19 situation and POST-COVID conditions, this study is to provide basic data for establishing an environment for exercise adherence intention for sports participants and establishing marketing strategy.BR The method used in the study is questionnaire, it was conducted for Adult men and women over 20 years of age in sports participants. 335 of 356 data were used for analysis, the data was analyzed by SPSS 27.0. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis with Cronbach’s ɑ, EFA, correlation analysis, and multi-regression analysis were conducted. The significance level was set at a=.5, and the result were as follows.BR First, social environment perception in COVID-19 risk perception variable had positive impact on exercise adherence intention. Second, economic perception, social environment perception, interpersonal relation perception in COVID-19 risk perception variable had positive impact on COVID-19 stress. Third, stress from fear of infection, stress from challenges due to social distancing, stress from anger at people who COVID-19 quarantine breakers in COVID-19 stress variable had not positive impact on exercise adherence intention.

Makanan Pantangan pada Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK)

This study aims to determine dietary restrictions in pregnant women on the incidence of chronic energy deficiency (KEK) at the Sumbersari Health Center. The qualitative method with an exploratory phenomenology approach was analyzed using the Collaizi method. The results showed five themes related to food taboos for pregnant women: knowledge of pregnant women, types of food taboos for pregnant women, cultural background, family and social environment perceptions and efforts of pregnant women to prevent SEZs from occurring. In conclusion, food restrictions in pregnant women are one of the triggering factors for KEK, which are influenced by the culture that is owned by the family and passed down from their ancestors. 
 Keywords: Mother, Pregnancy, Chronic Energy Deficiency, Food Restrictions

Influence of Non-Standard Tourist Accommodation's Environmental Stimuli on Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Experience and the Moderating Effect of Personality Traits.

In recent years, minsu (homestays), a non-standard tourist accommodation, have been gaining popularity in China. The minsu has become an innovative driving force promoting the transformation of tourist destinations. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between the minsu’s environment (ambience) and customer loyalty, as customer loyalty is crucial to the sustainability of minsu and tourism destinations. This paper adopts Lijiang, China, as an empirical example to explore the relationship between the multi-dimensional environment of minsu and its influence on customer loyalty. Findings include: (1) the multi-dimensional environment perception of minsu includes spatial, cultural and social environment perception, all of which have a significant positive impact on emotional experience in varying degrees; (2) the emotional experience of minsu guests plays a significant mediating role between the minsu’s environmental perception and loyalty; (3) personality traits of openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness play a moderating role in the impact of residential space environment perception on emotional experience. Using the S-O-R model, this paper introduces emotional experience and personality traits into the relationship model between the minsu’s environment perception and customer loyalty and contributes to extant literature on the influence of customer loyalty in tourist destinations. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Exploring the Influencing Paths of Villagers' Participation in the Creation of Micro-Landscapes: An Integrative Model of Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Theory.

Villager participation has become a key breakthrough in rural landscape governance. Using the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation theory as frameworks, this study adopts the structural equation model to explore the influencing mechanism of villager participation in rural micro-landscapes based on data gathered from 414 villagers in a rural micro-landscape construction survey in Jinjiang, China. The results indicate that (1) integrated planned behavior theory and norm activation theory can better explain the influencing mechanism of villagers’ participation in rural micro-landscape construction; (2) perception, norm, attitude, and control dimensions significantly influence villagers’ participation behavior intention. The attitude dimension had the greatest influence, followed by the normative and control dimensions, while the perception dimension had the least influence on the procedure; and (3) according to the mediation results, natural environment perception, social environment perception, personal norm, social norm, participation attitude, result awareness, and self-efficacy all exert indirect effects on participation behavior based on villagers’ participation behavioral intention. The largest median effect value was result awareness, followed by personal norm, participation attitude, natural environment awareness, self-efficacy, and social norm. This study expands the theoretical framework and research content of planned behavior and clarifies the mechanism of the influencing factors of villagers’ participation in rural micro-landscapes, extending the theory of planned behavior to the research field of villagers’ participation, which has a guiding role in promoting the co-construction, co-governance, and sharing of rural landscapes.

The Characteristics of Obesogenic Environment and Their Association With BMI Among the Elderly Population in Rural South Korea

ObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to analyze the environmental factors affecting obesity in the elderly in rural South Korea. MethodsA survey and Geographical Information System(GIS) data analysis were conducted on 300 elderly people aged 65 and over living in four rural Counties in two Provinces. Formative research was conducted to develop the survey questionnaire. The perception of food environment was measured with five questions, mainly on availability, affordability, and accessibility. The perception of walking environment was measured with eleven questions on esthetics, safety, traffic and community. Social cohesion and the sense of community were asked for measuring social environment. T-test, chi-squared test and stepwise backward regression modeling were performed using Stata/SE 17.0 version. ResultsWe found that the participants from Gangwon-do had higher obesity prevalence than the ones from Jeollanam-do. There was no significant difference in the physical environment between the two Provinces using GIS data analysis; however, there were differences in the perception of the physical environment and the social environment. It was confirmed that the perceptions of the physical environment and social environment were more positive among participants from Jeollanam-do, where obesity prevalence was lower. In stratified stepwise regression models, better perception of food environment was associated with lower BMI in both Provinces. ConclusionsIn this study, various obesity-related environmental factors were explored in rural South Korea. The differences in obesity prevalence in four rural Counties may be explained by different perception on food, walking, and social environments, despite of the similar background factors, such as age distribution, sex ratio, educational level, and financial environment. These findings confirmed that even areas with similar physical settings have different environmental characteristics, which should be considered in developing effective obesity prevention programs. Future research should focus on the development of environmental evaluation tools and the effective measures to enhance the perception of social environment in rural South Korea. Funding SourcesMinistry of Health and Welfare, South Korea NRF of Korea (No. 2021R1A6A1A03044501, No. 2021R1I1A306024811).

Social environment perception and associations with overweight in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults has grown in recent years. There is evidence indicating that environmental factors, especially social characteristics, may be involved in the aetiology of overweight, but few studies have investigated this association adequately. The main objective of this study was to identify residents' perception of their social environment (social cohesion, security and violence) and assess its relationship with overweight in a central area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The associations between socioeconomic characteristics and social environment perception were also explored. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2018-19 had 400 participants aged from 20 to 70 years living in low- and high-income areas of the city of Porto Alegre. Participants' perception of social cohesion, security and violence were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Participants' body mass index (BMI) was measured, and those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were considered to be overweight. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated through Poisson regression analysis; level of significance was 5%. The prevalence of overweight in the sample was 68.8% (95% CI 64.0-73.2). Individuals with a more positive social cohesion perception had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00-1.12; p=0.02) than those with a less positive perception. Brown individuals also had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15; p=0.03) than those of other skin colour/race. No association was found between overweight and perception of security or violence. Therefore, social cohesion may be an important factor in overweight and the findings highlight the importance of considering social factors, and their perceptions, when planning actions for the prevention and control of overweight in a population.

Resident and house manager perceptions of social environments in sober living houses: Associations with length of stay.

Studies have shown persons living in recovery homes for drug and alcohol problems make significant, sustained improvements. However, there is limited information about factors associated with outcomes. This study examined how perceptions of social environment of one type of recovery home, sober living houses (SLHs), were associated with length of stay (LOS). SLH residents and their house managers (N = 416) completed the recovery home environment scale (RHES) that assessed social model recovery characteristics and the community-oriented program evaluation scale (CPES) that evaluated perceptions of the program environment. Scales completed by residents predicted LOS, but those completed by house managers did not. Larger discrepancies between the two groups were associated with shorter LOS. The RHES was shown to be a stronger predictor of LOS than the CPES. Results highlight the importance of the social environment in SLHs, particularly those most closely aligned with social model recovery principles.

Measuring perceptions of social environments for walking: A scoping review of walkability surveys

The neighborhood pedestrian environment is an important determinant of physical activity and health. Despite widespread acknowledgment that neighborhoods' social and physical characteristics contribute to a walkable place, constructs and metrics remain focused primarily on the built environment. This scoping review documents the current state of the practice to measure perceived social elements of pedestrian environments in order to identify measurement strategies to understand and support walking, particularly in socially diverse neighborhoods. We identified 20 survey instruments focused on pedestrian environments, walkability, or physical activity at the local (neighborhood) scale and designed to capture residents' perceptions of outdoor walking environments. Across the 20 instruments, we identified and categorized 182 distinct items that measured social environments into four domains (social capital, personal safety, physical signifiers, and general neighborhood descriptors) and thirteen subdomains. Many items emphasized negative social elements, such as crime and disorder. Only a few items focused on community identity. Most instruments cover some aspects of the social environment well, but few provide a holistic inventory of the social environment across domains and subdomains. We also observe that the state of the practice seems frozen, with most instruments in use having originated in 2010 or earlier.

The Silent Majority: Local residents’ environmental behavior and its influencing factors in coal mine area

Abstract Although there are many studies of environmental behavior, local residents' environmental behavior in the coal mine area has a unique feature. This paper undertakes the first investigation of the vulnerable group in the coal mine area, China and aims to clarify the influencing factors of local residents’ environmental behavior. The differences of environmental behavior among different groups are divided by gender, age, educational level, proximity and household income using rank sum test. Furthermore, this paper discusses the effects of natural environment perception, social environment perception and environmental attitudes using the structural equation model. The results are as follow: most of the residents keep silent in the face of environmental pollution, and this is different from the Western environmental resistance behavior. No prior research has studied this silent group in the environmental behavior context. This study proves the heterogeneity in this association between socio-demographic and environmental behavior. Natural environment perception has a significant positive effect on environmental behavior. The environmental attitude has a significant negative effect on environmental behavior. Perception of the social environment has no significant effect on environmental behavior. The paper finally proposes that the government should consider these factors when it creates environmental policy.

Study on the Relationship between Social Justice and Health of Chinese Residents: Based on the Analysis of CGSS2015 Data

In recent years, study on the impact of social environment perception differences on health has become the focus of attention. By the analysis of the 2015 data of the China Social Comprehensive Survey, the impact of the perception of social justice on health is studied. The results show that the concept of social justice has a positive impact on the physical and mental health of residents. For each level of social equity, self-assessment of physical health levels increased by 0.026 units and mental health increased by 0.07 units. It is suggested that the government should improve the residents' social justice by improving their social equity, including vigorously developing the economy, reforming the income redistribution system, and improving their governance capabilities.

Associations between physical activity and the neighbourhood social environment: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel study

Limitations have arisen when measuring associations between the neighbourhood social environment and physical activity, including same-source bias, and the reliability of aggregated neighbourhood-level social environment measures. This study examines cross-sectional associations between the neighbourhood social environment (perceptions of incivilities, crime, and social cohesion) and self-reported physical activity, while accounting for same-source bias and reliability of neighbourhood-level exposure measures, using data from a large population-based clustered sample. This investigation included 11,035 residents aged 40–65years from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia, in 2007. Respondents self-reported their physical activity and perceptions of the social environment (neighbourhood incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Models were adjusted for individual-level education, occupation, and household income, and neighbourhood disadvantage. Exposure measures were generated via split clusters and an empirical Bayes estimation procedure. Data were analysed in 2016 using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. Residents of neighbourhoods with the highest incivilities and crime, and lowest social cohesion were reference categories. Individuals were more likely to be in the higher physical activity categories if they were in neighbourhoods with the lowest incivilities and the lowest crime. No associations were found between social cohesion and physical activity. This study provides a basis from which to gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between the neighbourhood social environment and individual physical activity. Further work is required to explore the pathways between perceptions of the neighbourhood social environment and physical activity.

The Relationship between Behavioral & Psychological Aspects of Design Factors and Social Interaction in Public Squares

The main purpose of this study is investigated on relationship between behavioral & psychological aspect of design factors in Public Square and social interaction among users. The specific survey method used in this study is cross-sectional survey design, the questionnaire survey in which questionnaires are used for data collection. This study addressed construct validity, the sampling method was non-probability (convenience) and data collected from 208 users of Sabze Meydan Square in Qazvin (Iran). The questionnaire includes a total of three constructs, psychological aspect, social activity type, social environment perception of public square users. In this study, for assessing the reliability of the questionnaire applied the coefficient of Cronbach alpha. The structural equation modeling (SEM) used to test of hypothesis and the finding of the research has the potential to enrich the body of knowledge among academicians as well as practitioners. The result revealed that the there is a positive relationship among behavioral & psychological aspects of design factors and social interaction in public square via users’ perception.

Associations between suicidal high school students' help-seeking and their attitudes and perceptions of social environment.

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, many of whom fail to disclose suicide concerns to adults who might help. This study examined patterns and predictors of help-seeking behavior among adolescents who seriously considered suicide in the past year. 2,737 students (50.9 % female, 46.9 % male; racial distribution 79.5 % Caucasian, 11.9 % Hispanic/Latino, and 3.6 % Black/African-American) from 12 high schools in rural/underserviced communities were surveyed to assess serious suicide ideation (SI) in the past year, disclosure of SI to adults and peers, attempts to get help, attitudes about help-seeking, perceptions of school engagement, and coping support. Help-seeking was defined as both disclosing SI to an adult and perceiving oneself as seeking help. The relationship between adolescents' help-seeking disclosure and (1) help-seeking attitudes and (2) perceptions of social resources was examined among suicidal help-seeking youth, suicidal non-help-seeking youth, and non-suicidal youth. Of the 381 (14 %) students reporting SI, only 23 % told an adult, 29 % sought adult help, and 15 % did both. Suicidal help-seekers were similar to non-suicidal peers on all measures of help-seeking attitudes and social environment perceptions. Positive attitudes about help-seeking from adults at school, perceptions that adults would respond to suicide concerns, willingness to overcome peer secrecy requests, and greater coping support and engagement with the school were associated with students' increased disclosure of SI and help-seeking. This study supports prevention strategies that change student norms, attitudes and social environments to promote help-seeking among adolescents with SI. Promising intervention targets include increasing students' perceptions of the availability and capability of adults to help them, and strengthening students' understanding of how existing resources can help them cope.

Environment and Active Living: The Roles of Health Risk and Economic Factors

This study examines the associations that a neighborhood ' physical and social environments have with transportation and recreation physical activities, with an emphasis on the roles of health risk and economic factors. It is a cross-sectional study with a hypothesis-testing approach. Setting. The study was conducted within the city of Seattle, Washington. Subjects. The subjects included 438 able-bodied, randomly selected adults. Physical activity and sociodemographic data came from a telephone survey (34 % response rate). Environmental variables were measured subjectively as people's perceptions and objectively using the Geographic Information System. Bivariate analyses and the Structural Equation Model were used to test the overall theoretic framework and the relationships among latent and observed variables. Lower-income populations lived in areas with more routine destinations and higher densities and were more active for transportation than higher-income populations. People with higher health risks were less active for both transportation and recreation purposes. The social environment-perception of people walking and biking in the neighborhood-was more strongly associated with recreational physical activities, while the physical environment was more strongly associated with transportation physical activities. Further investigation of different subpopulations and explicit distinction among different purposes of physical activities are needed in future research and interventions. This study is limited to urban areas and cross-sectional data.

Perceived social environment and quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand

Efforts have been made to improve the social environment of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Thailand but have not been assessed in terms of their quality of life (QOL). In this study, we preliminarily examined the relationship between PLWHA's perception of social environment and QOL. The participants of this study were 200 PLWHA who belonged to the self-help groups in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. We collected data in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The QOL was measured using a Thai version of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey. Those who perceived themselves as well accepted by the community, perceived health services accessible or someone's help available, tended to have better QOL in terms of mental health. Community acceptance was most significantly related to QOL. Stratified analyses revealed similar relationships between perceived social environment and QOL among symptomatic and non-symptomatic participants but the relationships appeared weaker among men than women. In sum, our preliminary findings suggest that supportive social environment, especially community acceptance, is important for mental aspects of PLWHA's QOL irrespective of the disease stages and for women who usually take on multiple roles in the Thai traditional family.

Relations of Physical and Social Environment Perceptions to Adolescent Self-Esteem

Summary To assess ideas, derived from a contextual paradigm, stressing the influence of adolescents' perceptions of the physical and social components of their school environment on their self-esteems and academic performances, 183 black early adolescents (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = .5 years; 54.6% female) were administered five semantic differential scales. The first provided a measure of self-esteem, while the remaining four provided measures of perceptions of the social environment of the school (i.e., of peers and of teachers) and of the physical environment of the school (i.e., of the classroom and of the school building). There were few systematic sex differences in responses to the scales. As predicted, school environment perceptions were significantly related to self-esteem in both males and females. However, although self-esteem and a report of grade point average, as a measure of academic performance, were significantly related, there was no relation between school environmental perceptions and reported grade point average.