Safety Risk Perception Research Articles

How to improve the effectiveness of the cooperation networks of emergency science communication for public health emergencies

Emergency science communication is an important emergency activity that can enhance public safety awareness and risk perception ability, optimize health-protective behaviors, and reduce losses from emergencies. Certainly, emergency science communication needs to be multisource information and cross-organization. Moreover, increasing cooperation in emergency science communication is the key to improving the effectiveness of science communication in public health emergencies. To clarify the cooperation relationships among emergency organizations in emergency science communication, emergency science communication cooperation networks (ESCCNs) are constructed on the basis of the social network analysis method, and the practice of emergency science communication in response to COVID-19 in China is taken as the case. Through an interpretation of the characteristics of ESCCNs in the emergency response phase and the ongoing emergency phase, the differences in the cooperation modes of public health emergencies in different phases are analyzed. Moreover, the influence of different emergency phases on the formation of the ESCCN of the whole phase is discussed. With the evolution of the emergency phase, the network tightness, equilibrium and connectivity of the ESCCN all tend to increase, whereas network agglomeration decreases. In the emergency response phase, the core-edge features of the ESCCN are obvious, and emergency science communication organizations (ESCOs) are more inclined to form emergency science communication cooperation with other ESCOs of the same type. However, in the ongoing emergency phase, the cooperation relationships between ESCOs are more balanced, and more diversified cross-group cooperation relationships are formed. The diversification of ESCO types, the closeness of ESCO relationships and the connectivity of ESCCNs are the main factors that promote the formation of the ESCCN of the whole phase. Furthermore, implications for strengthening the efficiency of science popularization cooperation in public health emergencies are proposed in connection to matching dynamic characteristics, optimizing resource allocation and strengthening institutional guarantees.

Factors that influence the behavioral intention of customers toward online food delivery service

Many studies focus on components that influence consumers' behavioral intent to acquire an online food delivery service rather than those responsible for determining consumers' online behavioral intent to purchase service providers. Therefore, this study aims to identify such factors and assess the impact on the behavioral intention toward OFDs according to the consumer's point of view. Findings are supported by the explanatory approach and the quantitative research technique and were collected via a questionnaire accessible through a Google Form. Costumers living in Tallinn, Estonia, were polled using a non-probability sample approach, and 137 responses were received. Trust demonstrates the highest impact of 30.8% on the intention of using OFD service by customers, followed by time-saving benefits (21.0%), perceived ease of use (15.2%), and perceived usefulness (14.5%). Price-saving benefits and food safety risk perception are insignificant statistically, and the study assumptions are rejected. The study suggested that customers' intentions to use Online food delivery services must be tailored to their preferences and perceptions of the product's intrinsic and extrinsic worth and quality. Service providers must become more alert and efficient to keep everything safe and confidential. A secure system for sharing information should be implemented if at all practicable.

Preoperative Multidisciplinary Team Huddle Improves Communication and Safety for Unscheduled Cesarean Deliveries: A System Redesign Using Improvement Science.

Optimal communication between care teams is a critical component in providing safe, timely, and appropriate patient care. Labor and delivery (L&D) units experience rapidly changing clinical scenarios often requiring escalation in care and unplanned cesarean deliveries (CDs). The University of Cincinnati Medical Center (UCMC) is a 550-bed academic level 4 maternal care center with a 13-bed L&D unit in Cincinnati, OH. There are approximately 2500 deliveries/y with a CD rate of 33%. The L&D unit is staffed with dedicated anesthesia personnel 24 hours a day. In our L&D unit, there was widespread dissatisfaction with multidisciplinary communication surrounding unscheduled CD. Near-miss safety events in our obstetric unit were attributed to preoperative communication failures. Initial surveys identified challenges in preoperative communication among nursing, anesthesiology, and obstetric teams leading to potential risk for compromised care. Using the UC Health Performance Improvement Way, we first sought to understand the process leading up to unscheduled CD. Change ideas were developed based on observed failures in communication. Interventions were tested and refined through iterative plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles. One key intervention was the introduction of a bedside, multidisciplinary, patient-centered, pre-CD huddle attended by nursing, anesthesia, and obstetrics representatives using a standard checklist for critical information. Qualitative patient feedback was elicited to inform change efforts. We compared patient and procedure characteristics from the baseline and huddle implementation phases. Our primary outcome measure was the satisfaction of care team members with communication around unscheduled CD. A secondary outcome was the general anesthesia (GA) rate for unscheduled CD. Our key process measure was adherence to the preoperative huddle. We tracked decision-to-incision interval (DTI) as a balancing measure. Huddle adherence reached 96% for unscheduled CD within 6 months of testing and implementation. A combined survey of anesthesia, nursing, and obstetrics showed that satisfaction scores related to unscheduled CD communication improved from 3.3/5 to 4.7/5 after huddle implementation. The rate of GA use and the median DTI remained unchanged. Patients felt more engaged and reported positive experiences by being a part of the huddle discussion. In an academic obstetric unit, communication failures surrounding unscheduled CD were identified as a contributor to staff dissatisfaction and perception of safety risk. Implementation of a bedside multidisciplinary pre-CD huddle improved communication between teams and contributed to creating a culture of safety without causing significant delays in care.

Research on the configuration of factors influencing safety citizenship behavior of construction workers based on fsQCA

ABSTRACT Objectives. How to promote the safety citizenship behavior (SCB) of construction workers has been studied in academic circles. However, most current research methods focus on the ‘net effect' between the independent variable and SCB. Methods and Results. Based on the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method and from the perspective of ‘configuration’, this article proposes that the emergence of SCB not only depends on a single condition, but also depends on the interaction of safety leadership behavior (SLB), organizational safety climate (OSC), organizational safety support (OSS), safety attitude (SA), safety motivation (SM), safety risk perception (SRP) and psychological belonging (PB). Conclusion. The research shows that the emergence of construction workers’ SCB can be realized through different combinations of variables, and both ‘external environment-driven' and ‘interpersonal relationship-driven' paths can promote the generation of SCB. This research provides a more systematic and practical explanation for how to promote the generation of SCB of construction workers, expand the research scope of safety management and play a positive role in reducing the incidence of safety accidents in the construction industry.

Public perceptions of reportable safety events and risks in United States primary care

Introduction: Patients may not feel responsible for reporting safety events, and social norms may prevent patients from questioning health care providers’ judgment. There is a paucity of research regarding public awareness of reportable safety events/risks. Educating the public about reporting is paramount in error prevention. Because more than 70% of errors (e.g., errors in diagnosis, communication errors, unsafe medication practices, and care fragmentation) occur in primary care settings, the purpose of this study was to explore public perceptions of when to report safety events/risks in these settings. Method: System-level primary and outpatient facility safety incident scenarios conducive to safety events/risk reporting were developed and administered via online survey methodology. Following completion of the scenario questions, participants were asked a single open-text item: “As you were reading the scenarios above, what did you think makes an event/risk ‘reportable’?” Results: At least one-third of participants responded incorrectly in 70% of the scenarios. The percentage of incorrect responses ranged from 5.2% to 62.3% with “unwitnessed falls” and “nursing scope of practice” queries incorrectly reported at 44.5% and 53.9%, respectively. Rationales for inappropriate events/risk reporting included “risk prediction at the management/system level,” “legal repercussions/protection (e.g., negligence, legal responsibility to patient),” “violations of scope of practice/professional expectations,” “degree of potential/actual lethality,” and “personnel errors.” Conclusion: This study revealed a gap between understanding why to report an event/risk and when to correctly report (or not report) an actual healthcare issue. Practical applications: Awareness of reasons for correctly reporting incidents and how correct reporting builds a culture of safety needs to be strengthened.

Putting workers’ safety front and center: Employee-organization exchange and employee safety performance

Introduction: The global occupational accident situation remains severe. As enhancing employee safety performance constitutes a crucial part of accident prevention and safety management, the study aims to examine, from an employment relationship perspective, the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mechanisms through which employee-organization exchange (EOX), as a social exchange type of employment relationship, can affect employee safety performance. Method: Data were collected from 672 subordinates and their immediate 100 supervisors in three large manufacturing firms in Guangdong province, China. Results: The results shows that: (1) EOX has a positive effect on employees’ safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion, and safety communication; (2) safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion and safety communication (as cognitive, motivational and behavioral mechanisms) mediate the relationship between EOX and safety performance (both safety compliance and safety participation); and (3) management commitment to safety moderates the direct effect of EOX on safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion, and safety communication, and its indirect effect on two forms of safety performance via the three mediating mechanisms. The moderating effect and moderated indirect effect are stronger when management commits more to safety. The study contributes to the employee safety literature. Practical Applications: Employers should establish a long-term oriented social exchange relationship with their employees for effective safety management.

Vicarious vs experiential information in the consumer’s construal level on imported food safety risk perception

Consumers acquire information about the imported food safety risks through distal channels such as the Internet versus proximal channels such as direct experience, and these channels influence the consumer perception of safety. However, the empirical analysis of the sources of information (distal–proximal) channels is second to none. This article explores whether direct experience with imported food induces different levels of safety risks compared to distal information through social media. Based on the Construal Level Theory (CLT), the study examines consumer responses in a survey involving 500 respondents out of 1000 distributed in South Korea, using high-level construal (vicarious information) versus a low-level construal (direct experience) framework to assess food safety risk perception. We narrowed the imported food from China to South Korea to obtain a robust analysis. Our analysis shows that vicarious (distal) sources of information increase perceived food safety risks in the minds of the consumer, while direct experience (proximity) decreases food safety risks. In a supplementary analysis, those respondents who had visited China exhibited lower levels of food safety risk of the imported food. We infer that the lower-level construal (experience) mediates the effects of higher-level construal (indirect, social media) on the imported food safety risk. However, the correlation is nonlinear, explaining why some studies find proximity while others find distance in correlation with the food safety risk. In a contribution to the literature, this study answers a longstanding question regarding international business in food supplies, supports the CLT framework, and offers a policy recommendation for both Korea and China to enhance their information channels to counteract misinformation.

The Cross-Cutting Effects of Age Expectation and Safety Value on Construction Worker Safety Behavior: A Multidimensional Analysis

This research investigates how age expectation (AE) influences construction worker safety behavior (CWSB) by utilizing self-validation theory (SVT). Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 391 Chinese construction workers, we found that components of AE, such as physical health expectation (PHE), mental health expectation (MHE), and cognitive function expectation (CFE), positively impact CWSB. Safety value (SV), including safety risk perception (SRP) and safety attitude (SA), mediates these effects. The study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for enhancing CWSB through interventions on AE, supporting sustainable growth and workforce quality in the construction industry.

Effect of Previous Accidents and Near-Miss Incidents on Risk Perceptions of Construction Workers

ABSTRACT The construction industry suffers from a high number of occupational fatalities and injuries, despite ongoing efforts by practitioners and researchers to improve. Overall, the safety improvement approaches in the industry have been reactive with reliance on historical data. Recently, the focus of safety improvement has shifted to being proactive using leading indicators such as risk perception and safety control. The leading indicators are perception-based and limited empirical investigation has been conducted on the impact of previous accidents on the safety perceptions of the construction workers. This quantitative study used survey questionnaires to collect data from workers of multiple healthcare projects in the Southwestern region of the US. The survey questionnaires were developed based on existing instruments and gathered data was analyzed to test hypotheses related to the impact of previous incident experience on the safety perceptions of the construction workers. Analyses revealed a significant correlation between previous incident experience and workers’ perception of safety risk. The study did not find a significant association between workers’ previous incident experience and their perception of safety control. This suggests that workers’ perception of their capability to control safety risks may not be significantly influenced by their past experiences of accidents or near-miss incidents.

Food Safety Risk and Visual Attention: The Moderating Effect of Prototype Perception and Social Distance

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between food safety risk perception (FSRP) and social similarity, utilizing eye-tracking to uncover how consumers process information on food labels. Central to our inquiry is that perceived similarity influences how individuals assess and react to food safety risks. Our research posits that individuals who see a high degree of similarity with others in their social circles are more attentive to food safety risks. We conducted two food label experiments, one focusing on safety labels and the other on nutritional information. Findings indicate that heightened perceptions of social similarity (prototype perception and social distance) enhance the impact of food labels (safety labels and nutritional information) on food safety risk assessments (decision-making process and product choice), manifesting in increased visual attention to these labels. This revelation underscores the significance of social factors in shaping food safety behaviors and offers a new perspective for designing more effective food safety communication. Our work contributes to the academic discourse on food safety and social psychology and provides practical insights for public health messaging strategies.

Design of safety warnings and risk perception inducement: a comparative study between safety signs and safety comics in construction workplaces

PurposeSafety warnings remind construction workers about dangers and guide them to take necessary actions to avoid potential injuries, which could encourage their safe behavior. Workers’ behavior compliance with the safety warnings would be impacted by the risk perception levels induced by the warnings. This study aims to examine whether the design of safety warnings would impact the induced risk perception of workersDesign/methodology/approachThis study compared the risk perception levels of construction workers when processing two forms of safety warnings, i.e., safety signs and safety comics, which are commonly used in construction workplaces. Construction workers (n = 20) volunteered for an experiment with an implicit paradigm to probe how they perceive these safety warnings, using event-related potentials (ERPs) features collected by an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor to indicate the risk perception levelFindingsThe results demonstrated that the design of safety warnings would impact the induced risk perception. The safety signs and safety comics performed differently in inducing the workers’ risk perception. The safety signs representing prohibition and caution warnings induced significantly higher risk perception than the comics, and there were no significant differences regarding direction warningsOriginality/valueThis is the first study to compare the risk perception levels between various forms of safety warnings presenting safety information in different ways. The findings would help to expand the knowledge of the relationship between the design of safety warnings and workers’ safety behavioral compliance

Risk perception and use of personal care products by race and ethnicity among a diverse population.

Personal care products can contain phthalates, parabens and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, information on perception of risks from personal care product use and how use varies by race and ethnicity is limited. We evaluated differences in personal care product use and risk perception in a diverse sample of participants recruited from a US college campus and online. A self-administered questionnaire captured information on sociodemographic factors, personal care product use trends and perception of risk associated with them. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine differences in personal care product use and risk perception by race and ethnicity. Ordered logistic regressions were performed to measure associations between personal care product use frequency across racial/ethnic categories. Participant (n = 770) mean age was 22.8 years [standard deviation ± 6.0]. Daily use of make-up (eye = 29.3%; other = 38.0%; all = 33.7%) and skincare products (55%) was most frequently reported among Middle Eastern and North African participants. Non-Hispanic Black participants reported the highest daily use of hairstyling products (52%) and lotion (78%). Daily make-up use was more frequently reported among females (41%) than males (24.6%). Levels of agreement were similar across racial and ethnic groups, that personal care product manufacturers should be required to list all ingredients (≥87%). There were significant associations between the frequency of use of some personal care products and racial/ethnic categories when the use frequencies of participants from other racial/ethnic categories were compared to the use frequency of non-Hispanic White participants. There were significant differences in daily use frequency, levels of trust, perception of safety and health risks associated with personal care products by race and ethnicity, underscoring that there may be different sources of exposure to chemicals in personal care products by race and ethnicity.

Exploring maritime safety and risk management practices among STIP Jakarta graduates

This qualitative study addresses the urgent need to enhance safety and risk management practices among graduates of the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), including deck officers, engine officers, and shipping professionals. The research objectives are to investigate current safety and risk management practices, examine factors influencing safety culture and risk perception, and assess implications for organisational safety and sustainability. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. The sample comprises 70 graduates of STIP Jakarta, with data analysed thematically. Results indicate a strong commitment to safety culture and high compliance with IMO-STCW standards. The study highlights the importance of safety culture, regulatory compliance, and professionalism for ensuring the safety, competence, and sustainability of maritime operations. The findings have significant implications for organisational practice, education, and future research in the maritime industry.

Safety risk perception and control of water inrush during tunnel excavation in karst areas: An improved uncertain information fusion method

Water inrush disasters seriously endanger the construction safety of karst tunnels. To accurately assess the water inrush risk level of karst tunnels, actively prevent and control water inrush disasters. A risk evaluation method based on an improved cloud model (CM) and evidence reasoning (ER) combined with Monte Carlo simulation is proposed, which is applied in a water inrush risk evaluation of the Yaguan tunnel. The results are as follows. (1) This method considers the uncertainty and reliability of the water inrush risk information for karst tunnels. (2) Through an iterative evaluation with Monte Carlo simulation, the dynamic feedback mechanism of the risk state of the karst tunnel construction system is established. (3) Local sensitivity analysis is performed to identify risk factors and related measures are proposed. Hence, the research method can be used to effectively evaluate the water inrush risk level and provide references for similar project risk evaluations.

Evaluating the Impact of Hazard Information on Fieldworkers’ Safety Risk Perception

Evaluating the Impact of Hazard Information on Fieldworkers’ Safety Risk Perception

What means of transport did Italians choose during the pandemic? A literature review

The ongoing health emergency is reshaping the environmental, social and economic context. It is therefore necessary to define a new overall mobility ecosystem. The freeze and restrictions imposed since March 2020 have indeed strongly conditioned modal choices and travel frequencies. Italy was among the first countries to suffer dramatic consequences in Europe and to have reported several critical issues in the transport sector, especially for local public transport (PT). In addition, several survey-based studies have mapped the demand for regional mobility in light of the major changes taking place in the world of work, with the introduction of smart working and the consequent reduction in travel. The change in living and commuting habits has also been due to a strong psychosocial change and especially due to the stress and anxiety that people have felt while moving. All this has led to an increase in the choice of the private vehicle for major daily travel as it is connected to a perception of greater safety and lower risk of infection. Therefore, the present work stands as a review of the literature related to different modal choices and travel trends in the Italian context, focusing on the factors that have changed choices in transportation and mobility. The review was conducted using keyword strings in Scopus and Transportation Research Integrated Database (TRID). The findings underscore the need to implement a new mobility to maintain a strong relationship between service operators and customers. The development and success of individual models will depend on the ability of operators to embrace the new needs of the community and on how well institutions are able to rethink the entire mobility ecosystem.

PENINGKATAN PERSEPSI RESIKO MELALUI PENYULUHAN KESELAMATAN BERKENDARA PADA SISWA SMA MATER DEI PAMULANG TANGERANG SELATAN

Traffic accidents are one of the causes of death in adolescence and the cause of most pain in the world, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Risk perception is one of the important factors in developing safety behaviour. These sessions aimed to improve the perception of safety risk remains low drive that was originally to be better. Risk perception is assessed by the psychometric paradigm. The study was conducted on 150 students in September 2023 using a cross-sectional design, the primary data in the form of a questionnaire and supporting data in the form of interviews. The parameters used are Likert scale numbers 1-4. The results showed that before the activity, the perception of the students had been quite good (intermediate category) but there is still a need for improvement. Dimensions voluntariness is perceived as high compared with 8 other dimensions, meaning that students are willing to accept all the risks that exist while driving. Having conducted outreach activities increased scores on each dimension, and there are changes in the highest score on the dimensions of knowledge. Creating safety cultured behaviour then takes a strong commitment from students related to road safety, training, and dissemination of information about the applicable safety and participation of the whole society to always prioritize safety.

Effective public health messaging for university students: lessons learned to increase adherence to safety guidelines during a pandemic

Variation in compliance with recommended safety behaviors early in the COVID-19 pandemic was especially concerning in places where people aggregated after traveling from a range of geographical areas, such as many universities. Understanding variation in these behaviors is important for continuing to address the COVID-19 pandemic and planning for future disease outbreaks. We examined the relationship between safety behaviors, risk perception, COVID-19-related knowledge, and information sources among university students during the Fall 2020 semester. A person’s preferred information sources were associated with differences in knowledge, risk perception, and protective behaviors. Furthermore, people with higher COVID knowledge practiced more protective behaviors. Providing reliable information can reduce harm during future global health crises, particularly at universities where interventions on campus can also protect the larger community, as spillover from universities has impacted the most vulnerable members of the surrounding communities. Our study adds to public health literature on factors influencing personal behaviors.

The Relationship between Shipbuilding Enterprise Welders’ Safety Awareness and Risk Perception: The Moderating Effect of Enterprise Safety Support

The Relationship between Shipbuilding Enterprise Welders’ Safety Awareness and Risk Perception: The Moderating Effect of Enterprise Safety Support

Exploring the differences between express and ride-pooling: A dual perspective on user perception and functional positioning in urban traffic system

Ride-hailing services, alongside public transportation (subway and bus), active modes (bike-sharing and walking), and private cars, are collectively reshaping urban transportation systems worldwide. However, the differences in user risk perception and functional positioning among different ride-hailing services, especially express and ride-pooling, are not yet clear. The study, conducted in Nanjing, China, designed two stated-preference questionnaires to assess the substitutability and complementarity of express and ride-pooling services. Four latent variables were introduced to quantify user risk perception: time risk, economic risk, service risk, and safety risk. The Integrated Choice and Latent Variable model used in this study is based on the Mixed Nested Logit model, which focuses more on the interdependence among different travel modes, as well as individual heterogeneity, compared with traditional logit models. The research findings indicate that in terms of risk perception, ride-hailing users have stronger service risk perception, weaker time risk perception, and weaker safety risk perception compared with public transportation users. Furthermore, compared with ride-pooling users, express users have stronger time risk perception and weaker economic risk perception. From a functional positioning perspective, ride-pooling services complement public transportation systems, while express services are preferred for long-distance door-to-door travel. Based on the research findings, this study offers a set of recommendations to support the sustainable growth of Transportation Network Companies (TNCs), guide government regulatory efforts, and explore opportunities for collaboration between the TNCs and government agencies, aiming to foster the robust development of urban transportation systems.