Perception Of Respondents Research Articles

Shifting employment and perceptions of household responsibilities during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada, USA.

Employment and household responsibility are critical health determinants. The COVID-19 pandemic altered the work and social landscapes in Nevada, USA through closures of workplaces and schools/childcare centers, changing patterns of employment, and household responsibilities. This study aimed to measure changes in employment status and perceived housework responsibilities among Nevada adults in December 2020, before widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in a pandemic-affected economy. Using a cross-sectional telephone survey of 1,000 Nevada adults, this study compared respondent experiences and perceptions of employment and time spent on housework in December 2020 to pre-pandemic using multinominal logistic, proportional odds, and logistic models. 70.52% of participants experienced no employment change; roughly 24% reported being fired/laid-off, working reduced hours, or quitting. Chi-square analyses found participants of color more likely than Whites to report being fired/laid-off or working reduced hours (p-value = 0.0005), though these findings were not significant in our models. Participants in the lowest income bracket had higher odds of being fired/laid off (p-value = 0.0030), and participants aged 65+ were less likely to experience employment change (p-value<0.0001). 32.43% of participants reported more time spent on housework. Multivariate analyses showed age is significantly associated with changes in both employment status (p-value<0.0001) and housework time (p-value<0.0001); income is a significant factor for employment status change (p-value = 0.0024). Of those reporting their households spent more time on housework, females were 2.90 times (95% CI = 1.66, 5.05, p-value = 0.0002) more likely to report taking on the additional work. Results demonstrate a disproportionate burden in employment change and/or more perceived household responsibilities on lower income and younger respondents, and females reporting they are more likely to take on additional housework. Understanding systemic vulnerabilities related to employment status and household responsibilities is necessary to aid impacted communities and to plan for future emergencies.

Efektivitas Dana Desa dalam Pembangunan Pertanian Pedesaan: Studi Kasus di Desa Donowarih Kecamatan Karangploso Malang

Donowarih Village is a village that has extensive agricultural land, so some of the people work in agriculture. With great potential in the agricultural sector, it will influence economic development in rural communities. The government provides funds that are managed by villages to improve village development, but the distribution of village funds for each sector is adjusted to the needs of that sector, including in the agricultural sector. This research aims to: (1) Identify the effectiveness of agricultural development, (2) Analyze the effectiveness of village fund management mechanisms (3) Identify perceptions of farmer groups in agricultural development. This research was used to obtain descriptive qualitative data. The methods used are observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The focus of the research is on the mechanism for managing village funds in agricultural development. This research was carried out in Donowarih Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. Data analysis was carried out using validity and reliability tests on the questionnaire, then the effectiveness of the results of the questionnaire answers would be calculated using a score index. After analyzing the results of the research, the Donowarih Village Government has effectively implemented several programs to realize agricultural development, including the cultivation of goats and the Farming Road (JUT) construction program using village funds. The village fund management mechanism shows that in the planning process the answer score index is 78.75%, in the implementation process the answer score index is 81.5%, and in the accountability process the answer score index is 79% so that in each process conclusions can be drawn on village fund management has been effective. The farmer group's perception of the use of village funds in the agricultural sector for the development of facilities and infrastructure obtained an answer score index of 68.2% so that the respondent's perception was that they were effective in utilizing village funds in the agricultural sector.

Investigating the Relationship between Awareness and Ecotourism Engagement among Academic staff in the Faculty of Agriculture Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

The study examined awareness of ecotourism among academic staff in the faculty of agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto using semi structured questionnaire to elicit information on socioeconomic factors, awareness, participation in ecotourism, constraints to participation in ecotourism and perception of respondents towards ecotourism. Complete enumeration was used to administer questionnaire to eighty respondents (N=80) belonging to seven departments: Agricultural economics (n=10), Agricultural extension and rural development (n=08), Animal science (n=15), Crop science (n=12), Fisheries and Aquaculture (n=09), Forestry and Environment (n=09) and Soil science (n=16). Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and ordinal regression. Results showed that majority of the respondents are male (96.3%) and married (98.8%). Majority have PhD (78.7%) with 10-20 years lecturing experience. Most of the respondents are aware of ecotourism (90%) and they got the information through academic line (52.2%) but only 36.3% have ever embarked on ecotourism trip. Busy office schedules were the major problems that affect respondents’ participation in ecotourism (55%). A significant relationship exists between age and respondents’ participation in ecotourism activities (χ2 =13.137). Ordinal logistic regression results showed that age (1.315) and educational qualifications (1.671) are significant predictors of respondent’s perception towards ecotourism (R2=0.27). Travels to ecotourism destinations are quite poor among the members of academic staff in the faculty of Agriculture in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, despite their level of education and their stance on biodiversity conservation practices. Academic staffs in tertiary institutions are encouraged to make use of their annual leave to embark on ecotourism trip.

EXaminaTion of cRitical cAre PHArmacist pRoductivity MetricS (EXTRA‐PHARMS): The clinical pharmacist's perspective

AbstractBackgroundCritical care pharmacists are well‐established, valuable members of the intensive care unit interprofessional team with unique skills to perform comprehensive medication management in complex critically ill patients. However, standardized and consequential productivity metrics for critical care pharmacists have not been established.ObjectiveTo characterize the utilization and perception of contemporary critical care pharmacy productivity metrics utilized among individual institutions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn electronic survey was distributed to critical care pharmacist members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Section and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care Practice and Research Network.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe survey included 23 questions to assess institution demographics, individual respondent demographics, institution practices, and individual respondent perceptions about the value of critical care pharmacist productivity metrics.ResultsA total of 204 critical care pharmacists, largely from the United States, responded to the survey between July and November 2022. Institutional metrics captured by more than 50% of the respondents' institutions included order verification rate/number of orders verified (60%), number of clinical interventions (57%), and intravenous to enteral product interchanges (52%). Of these metrics, critical care pharmacists only agreed with the value of the number of clinical interventions, were indifferent to the value of intravenous to oral product interchanges, and disagreed with the value of order verification rate/number of orders verified.ConclusionsSignificant discrepancies exist between institutional productivity metric practices and their perceived value and utility among critical care pharmacists.

Preconception Health Education is Provided to Healthy Childbearing Couples in The Preconception Phase

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Several biological, behavioral, and social preventative strategies can improve the chances of having a healthy baby during pregnancy. Preconception health care spans the entire reproductive life cycle. Early preconception counseling should attempt to improve both women's and men's sexual and reproductive health. It should begin with early instruction on healthy lifestyle behaviors, safe sex, and pregnancy planning for childbearing couples. This research aims to develop preconception health education for family-based childbearing age couples planning a healthy pregnancy in Deli Serdang district. The Equivalent Time Series Samples approach was employed in this study as a quasi-experimental approach. The total sample size was 90 couples of reproductive age. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The analysis in this study was carried out descriptively to see the characteristics of each variable studied and to measure the effect of providing health education during the preconception period on the knowledge and perception of Couples of Childbearing Age about preconception health using a paired sample T test. The intervention provided is health education about preconception health provided to couples of childbearing age. The implementation of the research has received approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Medan Health Polytechnic with the number: 01.25.174 /KEPK/POLTEKKES KEMENKES MEDAN 2023. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;There is a difference in the average variable knowledge of couples of childbearing age at pretest and posttest with an increase of 5, 2778, and there is also an increase in the perception variable with an increase of 0.8889, and the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples Test obtained show differences in respondents' knowledge and perceptions before and after the intervention. Family-based preconception health education has been effective in raising the awareness and attitudes of childbearing couples regarding the planning and preparation of a healthy pregnancy as well as in motivating them to seek a check-up at a health care facility.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="TableParagraph"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: Health Behavior, Health Services, Preconception Care, Pregnancy&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

Usage and perception of electronic medical records (EMR) among medical students in southwestern Nigeria

BackgroundThe transformational potential of electronic medical records (EMRs) in global healthcare is evident, but their adoption in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, remains low.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the perceptions of southwestern Nigerian medical students toward EMRs given the limited literature on this topic.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 412 medical students from four institutions in southwestern Nigeria. Data on the students' demographics, exposure to, and perspectives on EMR was collected. Data was analyzed using R Version 3.6.1.ResultsMajority (79%) of respondents were in their clinical years. We found that 68.4% of the respondents had good perception (scores ≥ 16) about EMRs while 31.6% were deemed as having fair level of perception (scores < 16). Interestingly, 54.9% had never used an electronic medical record (EMR). Although 46.4% felt very comfortable with EMRs' postgraduation use, 16% felt very uncomfortable. Notably, 94.5% believed that health technology solutions could enhance Nigerian health outcomes. Furthermore, 81.8% felt that their medical education would benefit from greater EMR exposure, while 80.9% believed that EMRs are essential for adequate patient care. Males exhibited significantly more EMR experience and more positive attitudes toward EMRs. However, there was no significant association between the level of study, location of medical school, and respondents' experience or perceptions of EMRs.ConclusionMore than half of students surveyed reported that they have never used EMRs. Despite this, many students felt comfortable with the idea of using EMRs in their future practice. Observed gender differences in EMR use and attitudes highlight the need for targeted strategies to prepare all students, regardless of gender, for the digital transition in healthcare.

Organizational Climate Related to Patient-Perpetrated Sexual Harassment: VA Primary Care Provider Perceptions.

Patient-perpetrated sexual harassment toward health care providers is common and adversely affects provider well-being, workforce outcomes, and patient care. Organizational climate for sexual harassment-shared perceptions about an organization's practices, policies, and procedures-is one of the strongest predictors of harassment prevalence. We conducted a pilot survey assessing provider perceptions of the Veterans Health Administration (VA)'s climate related to patient-perpetrated sexual harassment. Responding providers completed a survey assessing: (1) experiences with patient-perpetrated sexual harassment; (2) beliefs about VA's responses to patient-perpetrated sexual harassment of staff; and (3) perceptions of VA's organizational climate related to sexual harassment for each of 4 perpetrator-target pairings (patient-perpetrated harassment of staff, patient-perpetrated harassment of patients, staff-perpetrated harassment of staff, and staff-perpetrated harassment of patients). Respondents included 105 primary care providers (staff physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) at 15 facilities in the VA Women's Health Practice-Based Research Network. Seventy-one percent of responding providers reported experiencing patient-perpetrated sexual harassment in the past 6 months. Respondent perceptions of VA's responses to patient-perpetrated harassment of staff were mixed (eg, indicating that VA creates an environment where harassment is safe to discuss but that it fails to offer adequate guidance for responding to harassment). Respondents rated organizational climate related to patient-perpetrated harassment of staff as significantly more negative compared with climate related to other perpetrator-target pairings. Future work with representative samples is needed to corroborate these findings, which have potential ramifications for VA's ongoing efforts to create a safe, inclusive environment of care.

Exploring cross-modal perception: audio, visual, and thermal responses to changes in audio-visual Stimuli within virtual urban parks

Human perception is an essential factor in soundscape. Humans are multisensory beings, and thus, their perceptions are influenced by various multisensorial experiences. Our perception of a soundscape is not solely influenced by the sound in itself but also by various non-auditory factors. This research examines how visual factors, other than auditory, influence people's perceptions in public open spaces. An experiment was conducted using audio and visual stimuli. Three setups were compared: audio-only, visual-only, and combined audio-visual stimuli to observe differences in the respondent's perception. Furthermore, this research examines not only auditory perception but also visual and thermal perceptions, all of which are known to be important in public open spaces. The statistical test ANOVA showed that the Audio-Visual and visual-only stimuli produced a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the thermal perception. On the other hand, the Audio-Visual and audio-only stimuli did not result in any significant differences. This study contributes to understanding the interaction between different sensory modalities and how it affects our perception. The findings underscore the importance of considering multisensory experiences, including auditory, visual, and thermal aspects when designing or evaluating environments in urban settings.

Knowledge, Attitude, And Perception Of Health Workers Towards Electronic Health Record System (A Case Study Of Uduth, Sokoto)

Background: Electronic Health Records System (EHRS) has shown a lot of advantages over the conventional paper based medical records. Its use has grown rapidly in the developed world and yet most African nations are still lagging behind. In Nigeria, the penetration of EHRS is low with less than 10.0% of hospitals embracing it.Factors responsible for this low penetration or use of EHRS in Nigeria include interoperability issues, epileptic power supply, cost of installation, resistance to change, health providers' and patients' poor orientation. This study aimed to assess level of knowledge, attitude and perception of health care workers on the use of EHRS in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Methodology: Cross sectional study was conducted in June, 2023 among 132 healthcare workers that were randomly selected using stratified sampling technique. Pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was cleaned and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Univariate analysis to generate summary statistics, proportions and frequency tables was conducted. While Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify variables that were significantly associated with respondents knowledge, attitude and perception at a P-value of &lt;0.05. Results: Majority (70%) of the respondents had good knowledge of EMR and 30% had bad knowledge. 84% of the respondents had positive attitude towards EHRS while 86% of them had positive perceptions on EHRS. Doctors were 85.0% less likely to be knowledgeable about EMR than other healthcare workers (aOR 0.150; 95% CI 0.030 - 0.748). Respondents that were computer literate were 30.0% more likely to be knowledgeable than those who were not (aOR 1.297; 95% CI 3.885 – 4.330) and those that had computer training were 13.0% more likely to be knowledgeable than those who were not (aOR 1.126; 95% CI 0.032 – 0.501). A greater proportion of respondents with good knowledge 90(96.8%) had a good attitude, the result was statistically significant (X2&lt;37.85, p=0.01) A greater portion of the respondents with good attitudes had good perception 108(95.6%) as compared to respondents, with poor attitudes 16(46.2%) the association was statistically significant (χ2=77.39, p &lt;0.01). A greater proportion of respondents with good knowledge had good practice compared to those with poor knowledge. However, the result was not statistically significant feχ2=2.330, p=0.169). Conclusion: majority of the respondents had good knowledge 92(70%), good attitude110 (84%) and good perception towards EHR 114(86%). As such government support and funding of electronic health system in health facilities is recommended.

Through the Lens of Accountability: Body-Worn Cameras in Police Operations at Pampanga Police Provincial Office

This study evaluates the compliance of the Pampanga Provincial Police Office with the use of body-worn cameras and alternative recording devices during police operations in the province Pampanga and examines the severity of problems encountered in their use. Specifically, it assesses compliance in terms of procedural fairness, police performance, data protocols, privacy concerns, and camera benefit while investigating the relationship between compliance levels and encountered problems. It hypothesizes that higher compliance levels are associated with fewer operational problems and that certain areas, such as data protocols and privacy, may present greater challenges. A descriptive correlational design was used, employing structured questionnaires to gather data from 200 respondents, including police officers and community members. Key findings indicate a very high compliance level in using Body-Worn Cameras and Alternative Recording Devices (Mean = 3.49), but also highlight significant challenges, with an overall severity rating of problems as high (Mean = 2.81). Correlational analysis suggests a moderate positive relationship between perceived compliance and the severity of problems faced. The study recommends tailored training, procedural adjustments, and improved data management and privacy measures to address these challenges. Limitations of the study include potential biases in respondent perceptions and constraints in generalizing findings to other regions. Policymakers are urged to enhance transparency, accountability, and public trust in police practices to foster a safer community environment in Pampanga Province.

Factors Influencing Civil Servants' Perceptions of National Health Insurance Schemes: A Case Study of the Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), Tanzania

In today’s world of modern and ever-changing competitive business environment, workers’ health is central to every organization. This study aimed to assess factors affecting civil servants perception towards national health insurance at Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO) in Tanzania with a sample of 50 respondents from five departments with a total population of 200 people. The study was guided by gap model of service quality as its theoretical framework. A descriptive design was employed using quantitative data collection methods including questionnaires. The study used simple random sampling and purposive sampling to select participants to give answers and explanations concerning the study. Data was analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The responses from both questionnaires was assessed and the tool evaluated for reliability and consistency of responses/answers, the number of participants lost in understanding the meaning of the questions was informed the quality of the testing tool. The findings revealed that factors such as waiting time before offered service, hospital visiting frequency, modality of admission, clients’ attitude towards the service providers, tangibility, reliability and responsiveness highly affected the perception of respondents towards health insurance schemes. It was recommended that civil servants should have an option to choose a health insurance scheme of their choice. There is also a need to establish permanent functional structures of insurance to constantly engage the scheme management, health care providers and subscribers in order to minimize the mistrust and improve uptake of service delivery. The study concluded that factors affecting perception of NHIF users should be worked upon to create good working environment for employees and their wellbeing in general as when they are healthy, then they become productive as they do not have to worry of health circumstances.

Inter-agency coordination during public events in City Mall Kalibo, Aklan

This study delves into the dynamics of inter-agency coordination during public events within CityMall Kalibo, focusing on young adults aged 18-34, predominantly female, and encompassing various educational and occupational backgrounds among event management respondents. Employing a descriptive research design and quantitative approach, the study investigates the perceptions of respondents regarding factors influencing inter-agency coordination, including verbal and non-verbal communication, coordination, collaboration, cooperation, and resource allocation. Findings reveal that effective inter-agency coordination leads to positive outcomes such as increased profitability, work efficiency, and a therapeutic work environment during public events. Notably, there were no significant differences in the factors affecting coordination among respondents. The study underscores the pivotal role of inter-agency coordination in public event management, emphasizing its impact on event execution and organizational performance. The shared perception of its significance across different respondent groups reinforces its importance in facilitating successful event execution. This research, conducted in Poblacion, Kalibo, Aklan, sheds light on the intricate dynamics of inter-agency coordination, providing valuable insights for event management practitioners and policymakers alike.

Consequences of slope instability and existing practices of mitigation in hydropower projects of Nepal

IntroductionNepal has witnessed several instances of slope instability associated with Hydroelectric Projects in the recent decades. Despite this, slope instability tends to receive less attention compared to other hazards.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate fourteen hydroelectric projects with the aim of identifying the types and causes of slope failures. Additionally, it seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of slope stability conditions and challenges encountered during construction at project sites.MethodsTo accomplish this, the study employs Key Informant Interviews with Questionnaires to delve into the slope stability concerns within Nepal’s hydropower projects. The findings are then validated through an extensive review of pertinent literature. To conduct a thorough assessment of slope stability, the study relies on on-site observations, measurements, investigations, and both in-situ and laboratory tests.ResultsIt becomes evident that the careful selection of study sites, the application of geotechnical methods, and the establishment of regular monitoring are pivotal for ensuring favorable slope stability outcomes.ConclusionA majority of respondents concur that cutslope is the primary factor causing slope instability with 44.4% answering affirmatively. An independent t-test reveals there is no significant difference between the variables. Moreover, the correlation which is closed to 1 suggests that perception of respondents are interconnected and tend to vary in a synchronized manner. Participants in the study widely acknowledge numerical modeling methods as a means to overcome the limitations of slope stability studies.

Public Preference for Off-Label Use of Drugs for Cancer Treatment and Relative Importance of Associated Adverse Events: A Discrete Choice Experiment and Best-Worst Scaling.

Patients may get more treatment options with off-label use of drugs while exposed to unknown risks of adverse events. Little is known about the public or demand-side perspective on off-label drug use, which is important to understand how to use off-label treatment and devise financial assistance. This study aimed to quantify public preference for off-label cancer treatment outcomes, process, and costs, and perceived importance of associated adverse events. A discrete choice experiment and a best-worst scaling were conducted in Hong Kong in December 2022. Quota sampling was used to randomly select the study sample from a territory-wide panel of working-age adults. Preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment effectiveness, risk of adverse events, mode of drug administration, and availability of off-label treatment guidelines were estimated using a random parameter logit model and latent class model. The relative importance of different adverse events was elicited using Case 1 best-worst scaling. A total of 435 respondents provided valid responses. In the discrete choice experiment, the respondents indicated that extra overall survival as treatment effectiveness (WTP: HK$448,000/US$57,400 for 12-month vs 3-month extra survival) was the most important attribute for off-label drugs, followed by the risk of adverse events (WTP: HK$318,000/US$40,800 for 10% chance to have adverse event vs 55%), mode of drug administration (WTP: HK$42,000/US$5300 for oral intake vs injection), and availability of guidelines (WTP: HK$31,000/US$4000 for available versus not available). Four groups with distinct preferences were identified, including effectiveness oriented, off-label use refusal, oral intake oriented, and adverse event risk aversion. In the best-worse scaling, hypothyroidism, nausea/vomiting, and arthralgia/joint pain were the three most important adverse events based on the perceptions of respondents. Risk-averse respondents, who were identified from the discrete choice experiment, had different perceived importance of the adverse events compared with those with other preferences. Knowing the preference and WTP for cancer treatment-related characteristics from a societal perspective facilitates doctors' communications with patients on decision making and treatment goal-setting for off-label treatment, and enables devising financial assistance for related treatments. This study also provides important insight to inform evaluations of public acceptance and information dissemination in drug development as well as future economic evaluations.

Perceptions of Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants/Associates Toward the Concept of Developing an Advanced Practice Postgraduate Residency/Fellowship Program at a Large Academic Medical Center.

Introduction There have been exponential growth and increased interest in postgraduate residency/fellowship formalized training among nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants/associates (PAs). Although not a requirement for state licensure and entry-level practice, postgraduate NP and PA residency/fellowship programs offer a structured pathway for new graduates and experienced PAs and NPs looking to transition into a new medical or surgical specialty/subspecialty. In this article, we examine the perceptions of employed NPs and PAs toward postgraduate training including the concept of developing a program at our institution. Methodology This was a cross-sectional single-large academic medical center (AMC) study, where an anonymous electronic survey was initially developed by the director of advanced practice providers (APPs). The survey was piloted by members of the Advanced Practice Council (APC) comprising NPs, PAs, and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and their collective feedback was used to finalize the survey prior to distribution. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and summarize the data. In addition, we assessed the association between respondents' characteristics and perceptions regarding NP and PA residency/fellowship programs using chi-squared tests of independence. Results The majority of the respondents (69.1%; 65/94) believed that starting an advanced practice residency/fellowship program at our AMC has many benefits such as increasing specialty-specific knowledge and training (79.8%; 75/94), improving medical decision-making (73.4%; 69/94), promoting professional development and clinical education (73.4%; 69/94), and improving procedural competency (60.6%; 57/94). Moreover, over half of the respondents (53.2%; 50/94) indicated that there is value in an APP residency/fellowship program obtaining optional accreditation. Additionally, over half of the respondents (56.4%; 53/94)indicated that they would be interested in participating as a clinical preceptor if an APP residency/fellowship program was developed at our AMC. Lastly, about one-third of the respondents felt strongly that APP residency/fellowship training programs should offer post-professional doctoral degree options such as Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc), and Doctor of Health Science (DHSc). Conclusion Although most respondents have never completed a formalized postgraduate training program and were less familiar with the published literature regarding these programs, our findings suggest that the attitudes ofemployed NPs and PAs aregenerally positivetoward the concept of postgraduate specialty-specific training.

Understanding Local Perspectives on Climate Change and Its Impacts on Small-Scale Fishing Communities in Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines

Climate change's adverse impacts are already evident, particularly in coastal areas. However, local perception that is essential in formulating policies for mitigating its impacts remains limited. Thus, this study evaluated the level of perception of small fishing communities on climate change and its impacts on livelihood and the environment. The data were obtained using a face-to-face survey with the aid of a structured questionnaire. They were interpreted and analyzed using the Likert point scale, descriptive statistics, and chi-square. A total of 308 male fisherfolks participated in the survey. Majority belong to age 51-60 years old (38%) and 61 years old and above (32%). Most of them (65%) finished elementary and generally (94%) rely on fishing for main source of living. As for income, 47% earned an estimated monthly income of Php 2,501-5,000 and 28% got Php 5,001-7,500. Most of the respondents are full-time fishers (89%) for more than 11 years (87%), and fishing within the municipal water (92%). Majority (90%) have an idea about climate change as reflected by their very high score in Likert Perception (24.3±2.3%). The climate change impacts perceived by the respondents include: increasing sea surface temperature (87%); fish are sensitive to changing climate (87%); and fossil fuel consumption contributes to climate change (84%). They said they got the information from TV/ Radio (99%) and social media (10%). The age (p-value &lt; 0.0032) and source of information (p-value &lt; 0.0348) are among the variables with significant relationship to the perception of respondents on climate change impacts. In total, it appears that majority of fishers are aware of the impacts of climates. It is suggested that effective management actions, such as emergency preparedness schemes and livelihood diversification should be explored to address the specific needs of fishing communities that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, an ecosystem-based approach that focuses on socio-economic dynamics and climate-induced changes in assessments and management is essential for the sustainable use of fisheries resources amidst the changing climate.

"One Day It Will Happen For Us": The Power of Academia in Community-University Service-Learning Partnerships

This qualitative research explores the community-university partnership experience from the perspective of community organizations engaged in a service-learning (SL) relationship with a private university in a developing country with a collectivist culture. The research explores the relational exchange among partners and foregrounds the issues of power and power redistribution in SL partnerships. The conceptual framework used is informed by conceptions from Dewey (1986), Freire (1996), values of democratic engagement (Saltmarsh et al., 2009), and the critical SL framework (Mitchell, 2008). Findings indicated that faculty were engaged in a traditional SL model in which the focus was not on the process of engagement but on the outcome of the SL experience. The definition of a partnership from community partners was linked to gains and to current or future access to resources. The perception and definition of power impacted community respondents’ reactions to the power dynamic in the ongoing interactions. Being situated in a collectivist culture seemed to impact the community members’ acceptance of unequal relationships. Findings suggested that in a collectivist context, partnerships cannot be examined without considering the context and culture in which the relationship takes place, as both will impact how a community partner defines an authentic relationship and, accordingly, what they expect from the partnership. The power of academia can be intimidating to community partners, so faculty must proactively map out power differentials and initiate reflections and discussions on power dynamics as part of the partnership building process.

URBAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND ITS ROLE IN LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ADAMA CITY, ETHIOPIA

Evidence confirms that for local economic development (LED) to be successful and improve the lives of local communities, sub-national governments and for that matter local governments are supposed to play an active role in the process. To this end, the purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of urban local government in the promotion of LED in Adama City, Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to achieve the objective of the study. Qualitative data was collected through document analysis and key informant interviews (KII). On the other hand, quantitative data was collected using a survey questionnaire developed based on five-point Likert-scales to measure the perceptions of various respondents on the contribution of urban local government in promoting LED and factor attributes for its poor contribution. While survey questionnaires were randomly distributed to target respondents, interview participants were included in the study using purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The findings of the study highlight gaps in the overall contribution of the Adama City government towards LED, which is measured in terms of the provision of infrastructure, regulating and capacitating socio-economic entities in the city, creating favourable environments for networking and businesses to flourish, facilitating credit facilities and others. The limited institutional capacity of the city government itself and the inadequate existence of favourable legal and policy environments are factors that contribute to the poor contribution of the city government to LED.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Access to Congenital Heart Disease Health Services A Single Center Study

Abstract Background The SARS-COV2 virus has been extensively researched on a microbiological basis with overview on its various symptoms, complications, modes of transmission and how to possibly treat or even prevent it. But in our research, we are pre-determined to look on how much damage the pandemic has cost our health care system indirectly causes many people to suffer and have their services delayed or postponed. Aim and objectives To quantify the impact that COVID-19 had on access to congenital heart disease heath care, comparing data at different time intervals, during March 2020, September-October 2020 and November 2021. In the congenital and structural heart disease unit in Ain Shams university hospitals. Patients and Methods This is a Cross-sectional observational study of a 260-patient presented to Ain Shams University Hospitals Structural heart disease in the congenital heart disease cath lab. Patients or their guardians were asked via survey over the Telephone to assess their demographic data, their medical condition, delay in health care services and the respondent own perception to the delay in effect. The answers were compared according to the different time frames and their relation to COVID-19 pandemic. Results We have revealed a difference in number of cases between March 2020 (peak pandemic), September-October 2020 and 1 year after in November 2021; number of respondents 31,80 and 149 respectively. There was a statistically significant relation between the delay time (time interval from decision taken to actual intervention done) and (date of the actual procedure); patients who underwent their procedure in the group of March 2020; patients experienced less delay, with 42% of the patients had their procedure done in less than one month. While the group Sep-Oct 2020; Patients experienced the most delay with 50% of the patients had their procedure done in more than 6 months. In group of Nov 2021; 43% of the population had less than one month delay. Over the course of the population studied, almost 21% of respondents believed that there had been a delay in their case due to non -COVID-19 related reasons (hard paperwork and/or long waiting lines). In the group who had their procedure done in March 2020, 60% of respondents believed that their cases were delayed because of non-Covid-19 related reasons (hard paperwork and/or long waiting lines). In the group who had their procedure done in Sep-Oct 2020; 58.9% of respondents thought that their cases were delayed mainly because of COVID-19 related reasons. In the group who had their procedure done in Nov 2021; 39% of respondents believed that their delay was because of COVID-19 related reasons (fear of infection and/or Turing of hospitals into isolation centers/cancelling elective procedures). Conclusion We concluded that COVID-19 pandemic has affected the provided the health care services provided. Most of the delayed population, had their procedures delayed because of COVID-19 related reasons. Risk stratification of ACHD according to complexity of illness or severity of symptoms is a must to allow intervention and follow up during drastic times according to a pre-set list of patients’ priorities.

Pengembangan Game Multimedia Interaktif untuk Menstimulasi Perkembangan Nilai Agama dan Moral Tema Lingkunganku pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di RA Nurul Hidayah Kota Jambi

This article aims to develop a learning medium in the form of an interactive multimedia game to stimulate the development of religious and moral values on the theme of my environment in children aged 5-6 years in RA Nurul Hidayah Jambi City. Development research (Research and Development/R&amp;D) is this type of research. The development model used is ADDIE. The data collection method is a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using quantitative data analysis and qualitative data. Research data was collected by distributing questionnaires to media experts, material experts, respondents, namely teachers at RA Nurul Hidayah Jambi city. The results of the research show that the media expert assessment obtained a percentage of 95.83% in the very good category and can be tested, the material expert assessment obtained a percentage of 83.3% in the very good category and suitable for use, and the results of the analysis of the respondent's perception questionnaire from 13 RA Nurul Hidayah teachers in Jambi City received a percentage of 95.6% in the very good category. From the results of this assessment, it shows that the interactive multimedia game learning media with the theme of my environment with the help of Microsoft PowerPoint is very effective in stimulating religious and moral values in children aged 5-6 years in RA Nurul Hidayah Jambi City and shows that this media is very suitable for use.