Perceptions Of Parental Roles Research Articles

Perceptions of Parental Functions among Married People in Benin

Parental function remains one of the rare “jobs” that people exercise without any prior formal preparation. The consequences associated with poor parenting skills, however, raise many social issues. An important factor in positive parenting is the partage of and ability to fulfill parental roles. Unfortunately, parenthood is a very little explored field of research in Benin. To identify perceptions of parental roles in the country, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with married women and men were conducted. The results indicate a distinct division of parental functions along maternal-paternal lines with respondents perceiving sexual division of responsibilities as being ‘natural’ rather than through a gendered lens. And yet, the reality is that maternal ability to engage in income-generation activities is critically important in fulfilling parental roles and this is negatively impacted by childcaring responsibilities, especially in contexts of high fertility. In the context of developing and implementing parenting support policies, this data could be useful to public authorities and structures intervening in this field.

Родительские роли в современной российской семье: границы «мужского»

В условиях множественности изменений семейно-брачной сферы актуален глубокий анализ направлений трансформационных процессов в рамках отдельных семейных субинститутов. Объектом исследования в статье являются родительские роли, их распределение в современной российской семье. Представляются результаты исследований (с использованием методов количественного и качественного опросов), проведенных авторами в Нижнем Новгороде и Нижегородской области в 2017—2019 гг., касающихся как представлений о родительских ролях и функциях, так и практик реализации этих ролей. Взгляды на родительство и отцовство рассматриваются в контексте движения от традиционной к эгалитарной модели супружеских отношений. Делается вывод о противоречивости процесса. С одной стороны, можно говорить о формировании готовности разделять обязанности, связанные с родительством. С другой стороны, мужчины больше ориентируются на организацию досуга детей, чем на уход, активнее включаются в воспитание сыновей, чем дочерей. В статье подчеркивается разница в целях и процессе социализации мальчиков и девочек, что скорее будет способствовать воспроизводству традиционной/патриархатной модели семьи и родительства.

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-PERCEPTION OF PARENTAL ROLE AND MARITAL ATTITUDE

Individuals’ perceptions of parental roles is a significant aspect of their parenting and one's appraisal of parental roles might be related to their global appraisal of marriage. Therefore in this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between self perception of parental role and marital attitude. The participants of the study are comprised of 220 females and males. In order to gather socio-demographic information, the parents were administered an “Individual Information Form”. In order to assess participants’ self-perception of parental roles Self-Perception of Parental Role Scale, and in order to assess marital attitudes of the participants Marital Attitude Scale (MAS), were administered. As a result, it was found that there are significantly positive correlations ( p 0.05 ) between the scores of the role satisfaction and investment subdimensions of SPPR and the scores of MAS. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevant literature. Article visualizations:

Gender Differences in Parental Images and Intimate Relationships: A Northern Finland Sample

One of the most important components of the developmental environment is the emotional atmosphere. Childhood experiences and perceptions of parental roles and behavior result in memory models and images, which may affect the children’s relationships in adulthood. In the present study, the cross-sectional associations between childhood parental images and the quality of current intimate adult relationships were studied in a sub-study of a mother–child follow-up in northern Finland. The data were collected with a questionnaire mailed to 28–29-year-old adults, with a total of 337 replies. The present study included those respondents (N = 253) who were married or cohabiting (153 women, 100 men). Since offspring can be affected by gender-specific parenting patterns, the analyses were made separately for both genders. In women, supportiveness in both maternal and paternal images was associated with a balanced intimate relationship, the latter also being associated with a loving relationship and providing protection against quarrelsome and repressive–submissive aspects of the relationship. In men, maternal supportiveness was linked with a balanced and loving intimate relationship and protected against a quarrelsome relationship. Paternal domination was associated with repressive–submissive relationships regardless of gender. In conclusion, the qualities of recalled childhood parenting are important to adult well-being in intimate relationships in a gender-specific manner. The specific importance of the father to the children’s later life was also observed. This would indicate that supporting the relationship of the child with both parents is equally important for professionals working with children and families.

The Health Care Provider's Experience With Fathers of Overweight and Obese Children: A Qualitative Analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the experience of health care providers (HCPs) in the outpatient setting as they work with fathers of children who are overweight and obese. MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used for data collection and analysis. Seven HCPs were interviewed about their experiences. ResultsTwo major themes emerged from the experiences of these HCPs: “dad in the back seat” and “paternal resistance.” DiscussionThe theme of “dad in the back seat” captured the HCPs' experiences and perceptions of parental roles and related stereotypes with respect to fathers' lack of presence in the health-care setting, family roles that relegate fathers to the back seat in dealing with this issue, and the tendency of fathers to take a passive role and defer to mothers in the management of their child's weight. “Paternal resistance” reflected the perceived tendency of the father to resist the acceptance of his child's weight as a problem and to resist change and even undermine family efforts to make healthier choices. ConclusionHCPs' experiences of fathers as having a minimal role in the management of their child's overweight and obesity may lead them to neglect fathers as agents of change with regard to this important issue.

The division of labor and perceptions of parental roles: Lesbian couples across the transition to parenthood

No research has examined the division of labor across the transition to parenthood for same-sex couples. The current study examined the division of labor in 29 lesbian couples (58 women) during the transition to parenthood. Women were interviewed during their last trimester and 3—4 months post-natally. Two theoretical approaches — gender theory and economic theory — were used to generate competing hypotheses about the findings. Results revealed that couples divided housework quite equally; however, biological mothers tended to contribute more to child care. Despite this, the majority of couples did not perceive the biological mother as the more `primary' parent. Results highlight both the utility and limitations of current theories for explaining the division of labor in lesbian couples.

Adolescents' Perceptions of Parental Roles and Involvement in Diabetes Management

This descriptive qualitative study compared how 18 teens (aged 14-16 years) with higher (n = 11; HiA(1c)) versus those with lower (n = 7; LoA(1c)) hemoglobin (Hb) A(1c) levels who met the standard of care viewed parental roles and involvement in diabetes management. Content analysis of the verbatim interview transcripts yielded five major themes. Teens in the LoA(1c) group (average HbA(1c) levels < or =8%) described their parents' monitoring roles more positively, whereas teens in the HiA(1c) group (average HbA(1c) levels >8%) were annoyed with reminders and described more conflict with their parents related to lack of adherence to their diabetes protocol. Clinicians need to assess the quality of parent-teen relationships and provide developmentally appropriate interventions to help teens and their parents effectively negotiate role transitions related to diabetes management during middle adolescence.

Stepparents

In most states, stepparents have little or no legal decision-making authority. Stepchildren do not receive the legal recognition as dependents that triggers a safety net in the event of death or divorce, nor do former stepparents have the legal right to visitation or custody. However, the lack of legal recognition of the stepparent role may not reflect the reality of contemporary stepfamilies. This article examines stepfamily functioning with the aim of creating a new policy orientation. We draw on both the National Survey of Families and Households and an in-depth study of 27 stepfamilies to investigate the everyday functioning of stepparents with regard to caregiving tasks, discipline, distribution of economic resources, attitudes toward legal status, and perception of parental roles. The findings support a new policy initiative that would legally recognize stepparents as de facto parents for a variety of purposes.

Preschoolers’ Perceptions of Parental Roles in Single‐Earner and Dual‐Earner Families

Preschoolers were interviewed and parents were surveyed to examine the division of labor for household management and caregiving tasks in single‐earner and dual‐earner families. Children with nonemployed mothers underestimated mother's responsibilities both in home management and in child care. They also believed their parents shared more caregiving tasks than their parents reported sharing. Children in both family types believed parents shared more housework responsibilities than parents acknowledged sharing. Daughters in dual‐earner families believed their fathers engaged in more caregiving than parental reports indicated.

Japanese children's perceptions of their parents

The perception of parental roles by 380 fifth- and sixth-grade boys and girls in Japan was examined. The median age of the children was 11 years 9 months. Analyses explored differences attributable to the sex of the child, whether the child lived in Tokyo or in a small city in northern Honshu, and whether the mother was employed outside the home. Data show that the perception of parental roles is not sensitive to mothers' working, that families are organized somewhat more traditionally in the small city that in Tokyo, and there is a small same-sex parent preference on a number of variables. Taken as a whole the data confirm the overwhelming importance of the Japanese mother in the day-to-day lives of the children, document the relative failure of the Japanese father to secure a central role in the life of his children, and demonstrate the significant degree to which Japanese industralization and Westernization have transformed what one writer (Wagatsuma, 1977) has called the Confucian Japanese family.

Perception of parents' behavior, familial satisfaction, and sense of coherence in hyperactive children

The aim of the study was to compare the perceptions of hyperactive children with those of a nonhyperactive matched control group on the following dependent variables: (a) sense of coherence, (b) life satisfaction, and (c) perceptions of parental roles. Eighty-four children divided into two equal groups (27 boys and 15 girls in each group) were studied, by means of a short form of the Cornell Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Sense of Coherence Scale, and a global measure of the Life Satisfaction Scale. The teachers rated each child on the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ), the Aggressive Behavior Scale, and a global evaluation of academic status. The data were analyzesd by multivariate analysis of variance, step-wise multiple regression, and Pearson correlation. The hyperactive children demontrated lower levels of sense of coherence: their environment seemed to them to be less ordered, to less manageable, and to bear less meaning. Study of the pereption of familial interactions highlighted the significance of the father's role for life satisfaction of the hyperactive children, and supportive behavior was perceived as contributing more than disciplinary acts to life satisfaction.

The father's contribution to child care: effects on children's perceptions of parental roles.

Adult role behavior and its effects on children were explored in a study of dual-career and traditional families. Fathers who were active in child care were found to be more nurturant and to partake in more housework. Fewer stereotypes about the maternal role were held by girls than by boys; and boys whose parents shared responsibility for child care held fewer stereotypes about the paternal role than did boys from traditional families.

Perception of Parental Roles in Preschool Children

Socioeconomic class and sex differences in preschoolers' concepts of parental roles were investigated using 40 preschool children, 20 each from non‐professional and professional class families with 10 boys and 10 girls in each group. A Perception of Parents Pictorial Interview was administered and analyzed using 2‐way analyses of variance of (1) caretaking roles, (2) companionship roles, and (3) the total, reflecting both roles. Social class was significant in all three analyses and sex was significant for total scores and for companion ship. Professional class children, particularly boys, are more apt to perceive both parents fulfilling parental roles rather than either one alone.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Adolescent Perception of Parental Roles

The Parsons and Bales instrumental-expressive role differentiation model of family structure and a modification of the model suggested by Breznitz and Kugelmass were evaluated cross-culturally. Adolescent samples from the United States, Ghana, and Israel were compared in terms of perceptions of their parents functioning in instrumental and expressive areas utilizing an instrument developed by Breznitz and Kugelmass. Neither model was substantiated.

PARENTAL AFFECTION AND JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN GIRLS

In i960, R. G. Andry studied male delinquent and non-delinquent subjects, testing twenty-seven inter-related hypotheses concerning perceptions of the adequacy of parental roles in key areas of the subjects' life experiences. The research reported here is basically a replication on female delinquent and non-delinquent subjects of Andry's original study. Specifically, information was sought as to whether it was possible to differentiate delinquent from non delinquent girls by differences in their perceptions of parental roles, and whether such differences were the same as or different from those Andry found between delinquent and non-delinquent boys. The investigation was undertaken partly in response to Andry's suggestion that it should be done, partly to explore the perceptions of delinquent and non-delinquent girls regarding parental role-playing in unbroken homes, and partly to attempt empirical confirmation of such theoretical formulations as that of Konopka (1966) regarding delinquency in girls. It is generally accepted that well-played parental roles are the sine qua non of good mental health in children. Theoretically it is held that delinquents (as compared to their non-delinquent peers) tend to experience: ( i ) an inadequate affectional response from one or both parents ; (2) inadequate psychological communication with one or both parents ; (3) an inadequate sense of security and protectedness, especially from the father; (4) an inadequate home environment, including such factors as greater tension due to intrafamilial quarrelling, and greater feelings of anonymity and isolation due to inter mediate ordinal position among siblings ; and (5) inadequate capacity for identification with one or both parents as sources of leadership and authority due to lax or erratic disciplinary practices.