The developed human brain shows remarkable plasticity following perceptual learning, resulting in improved visual sensitivity. However, such improvements commonly require extensive stimuli exposure. Here we show that efficiently enhancing visual perception with minimal stimuli exposure recruits distinct neural mechanisms relative to standard repetition-based learning. Participants (n=20, 12 women, 8 men) encoded a visual discrimination task, followed by brief memory reactivations of only five trials each performed on separate days, demonstrating improvements comparable to standard repetition-based learning (n=20, 12 women, 8 men). Reactivation-induced learning engaged increased bilateral intra-parietal sulcus activity relative to repetition-based learning. Complementary evidence for differential learning processes was further provided by temporal-parietal resting functional connectivity changes, which correlated with behavioral improvements. The results suggest that efficiently enhancing visual perception with minimal stimuli exposure recruits distinct neural processes, engaging higher-order control and attentional resources, while leading to similar perceptual gains. These unique brain mechanisms underlying improved perceptual learning efficiency may have important implications for daily life and in clinical conditions requiring re-learning following brain damage.Significance Statement The adult human brain shows remarkable plasticity resulting in improved visual perception following practice. Here, we document a distinct neural pathway in the human brain, supporting enhanced perceptual learning efficiency. These unique neural mechanisms are triggered by brief memory reactivations, which replace prolonged repetition-based stimuli exposure to enable enhanced visual perception. The results suggest that efficiently enhancing visual perception with minimal stimuli exposure distinctively engages higher-order control and attentional resources, while leading to similar behavioral gains. Evidence for differential offline learning processes was further provided by resting functional connectivity changes. The findings shed light on unique brain mechanisms underlying improved perceptual learning efficiency, and may have important implications for daily life and in clinical conditions.