Perceptions Of Different Types Research Articles

Navigating the assessment landscape: Dental students' perceptions of extended-matching questions versus single-correct answers.

The present study aims to evaluate students' perceptions of different types of written assessment within the context of dental materials science and to identify how various learning styles exhibited by dental students, as well as gender and ethnicity, may influence their perceptions of these assessment methods. The study was conducted among second-year dental students in a dental materials science class, during which students participated in a mock assessment that included extended matching questions (EMQs) and single correct answer (SCA) questions. An online questionnaire comprising three sections: demographic information, Honey and Mumford's Learning Styles Questionnaire, and 15 closed-ended questionnaire items employing a 5-point Likert scale were administered to assess students' perceptions of the assessment methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. All 70 students participated in the study with the majority being female, Chinese, and activist learners. Median total scores among various learning styles, gender, and ethnicity did not exhibit significant differences. Analysis of individual questionnaire items revealed mixed perceptions regarding EMQs. Reflectors generally held more positive perceptions of EMQs, while theorists showed the lowest total median scores toward EMQs. Most students did not prefer EMQs over SCAs, and some students expressed confusion about EMQs, especially those with a theorist learning style. Although students generally showed good perceptions towards these assessment methods, further research is needed to better understand the interplay of learning styles, assessment preferences, and educational outcomes in dental education.

Nutritional Profile and consumers’ Perceptions of Cereal Bars

ABSTRACT The fast pace of our daily lives often prompts consumers to seek convenient and ready-to-eat snacks, such as cereal bars. This work aims to characterize the cereal bars available in the Portuguese market (Study 1), as well as consumers’ perceptions of different types of these products (Study 2). First, we collected data (e.g. nutritional information, price) on 277 cereal bars from two major Portuguese retailers. The results indicated that most of these products do not comply with the current guidelines for key nutrients like sugar, fat, and salt. Second, using an online survey, we asked participants (N = 373) to evaluate cereal bars from different categories (e.g. “energy/protein”) across eleven dimensions. Overall, the bars were rated as tasty but also unhealthy, highly caloric, processed, and unsuitable for athletes, children, and weight loss. Interestingly, participants overestimated the content of most nutrients contained in cereal bars. A content analysis revealed that participants indicated more reasons for not consuming (e.g. excessive sugar content) than consuming (e.g. convenience) these products. Given the increasing popularity of cereal bars, our findings call for action from multiple stakeholders toward improving cereal bars’ nutritional profile and advancing our understanding of consumers’ perceptions of these products to facilitate healthier choices.

Parenting by lying and children’s lying to parents: The moderating role of children’s beliefs

How are children socialized about lying? One way is parental modeling of lying given that parents tell various lies to their children for parenting purposes, which is a practice known as parenting by lying. Importantly, how children perceive and interpret the lying behavior around them may be crucial to how they then learn to lie. Yet, we do not know how children’s perceptions of different types of parental lies drive this socialization. In a comprehensive birth cohort of parent–child dyads (N = 564; children aged 11 and 12 years) in Singapore, we collected multi-informant reports of instrumental lies (parental lies told for child compliance) and white lies (parental lies told to instill positive emotions), children’s belief in parental lies, and children’s lying to parents. We found greater consistency in parent and child reports of instrumental lies than of white lies and that children reported greater belief in instrumental lies than in white lies. Children’s reported exposure to instrumental lies was associated with greater lying to parents. However, for white lies this relationship was evident only when children had moderate to low beliefs in parental lies. Examining the interplay between parental lies and children’s beliefs in those lies, the current study illuminates the potential pathways to children’s lying behaviors.

Risk management behaviour in digital factories: the influence of technology and task uncertainty on managerial risk responses

PurposeThis study aims to advance a behavioural approach towards understanding how managerial perception impacts the enactment of responses to risk management during the implementation of digital technologies in industrial operations and supply chains. The purpose is to investigate the influence of (digital) technology and task uncertainty on the risk perception of managers and how this impacts risk responses adopted by managers.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an exploratory theory elaboration approach, the authors collected more than 80 h of interview material from 53 expert interviews. These interviews were conducted with representatives of 46 German companies that have adopted digital technologies for different industrial applications within manufacturing, assembly and logistics processes.FindingsThe findings provide nuanced insights on how individual and combined sources of uncertainty (technology and task uncertainty) impact the perception of decision makers and the resulting managerial responses adopted. The authors uncover the important role played by the interaction between digital technology and human being in the context of industrial operations. The exploratory study shows that the joint collaboration between humans and technologies has negative implications for managerial risk responses regardless of positive or negative perception, and therefore, requires significant attention in future studies.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical base for this study is limited to German companies (mainly small and medium size). Moreover, German culture can be characterised by a high uncertainty avoidance and this may also limit the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsManagers should critically revise their perception of different types of digital technologies and be aware of the impact of human-machine interaction. Thereby, they should investigate more systematic approaches of risk identification and assessment.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the managerial risk responses in the context of digitalisation projects with practical insights of 53 expert interviews.

Co-creating successful mentoring relationships? Investigating mentor and protégé perceptions of dyadic fit and relationship quality

PurposeTo examine how perceptions of complementary and supplementary fit and relationship quality contribute to successful mentorship co-creation.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via cross-sectional survey of 145 mentor–protégé dyads within institutions of higher education in the USA. Mentors evaluated their perceptions of supplementary and complementary fit and relationship quality with their protégés and vice versa. Additionally, mentors evaluated their protégés’ performance, whereas protégés reported on their own learning. Data were analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence model.FindingsResults suggest that one's own fit perceptions are most important in predicting one's evaluation of relationship quality. Additionally, for both mentor and protégé, complementary fit and supplementary fit predict evaluations of relationship quality to a similar degree. Finally, each person's perceptions of relationship quality mediated the relationships between their own perceptions of fit and mentor-rated protégé performance, but not the relationships between perceptions of fit and protégé-rated learning.Originality/valueResearch has often studied mentorships from the perspective of one party, which limits our understanding of mentorship co-creation. This study investigates how both parties simultaneously contribute to mentorship success, as indicated by protégé learning and performance. Additionally, the authors clarify the extent to which perceptions of different types of fit are instrumental in co-creating successful mentorships.

Eye-tracking in advertising research: an investigation among generation Z and Y of shock tactics’ effectiveness

Advertising has become an integral part of everyday life, due to the abundance of advertising messages, it is virtually impossible to pay attention or to retain all of them; thus, consumers learn to ignore most advertisements they are exposed to. Striving for exceptionalism and persuasion, advertisers tend to use dramatic emotions, they create messages that would shock consumers, and they increasingly break social and moral norms, so that their advertising messages break through the traditional advertising clutter and reach the existing or potential customer. Since the 1980s, shock advertising has gained interest among advertising industry specialists and academics. However, the impact of shock advertising on consumer behavior can vary and its effectiveness is questionable. This article aims to analyze the differences in the reactions among generations Z and Y to shock advertising, using the eye tracking method. A total of 40 participants were invited to take part in the study. The core of the research was based on seven distinct types of shock tactics. Each of these groups represented a category of advertising posters. Within each group, there were 3-5 individual images, each varying in design, content, and nature. This variety ensured a comprehensive understanding of participants' reactions to different types of advertisements within the same category. After the data analysis, it was concluded that there are differences in the perception of different types of shock depending on the generation. The results indicate that generation Z is more tolerant of shock tactics, having a more positive reaction than generation Y. The younger age group (16-20 years) appears to engage with visual stimuli in a more dynamic and perhaps exploratory manner. They seem to have a more focused or selective attention, especially when the content is emotionally or ethically charged. This paper provides marketers with a better understanding of the effectiveness of shock advertising based on age variable, recommending alternative methods to capture the attention of consumers.

Road Safety Perception of Different Types of Drivers in Egypt

The present research examined the variation in driving behaviors among drivers of different types of vehicles in Egypt. Three categories of drivers have been investigated: private car drivers, microbus drivers, and motorcyclists. A customized version of the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was developed for the data collection process. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to the questionnaire data to determine the underlying factors within the set of behavioral items. The EFA has helped identify three robust factors: Errors, Positive Behaviors, and Violations, respectively, within the responses of drivers. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to establish which socio-demographic variables are the best predictors of each of the three deduced factors. One-way ANOVA tests were then conducted to analyze the differences among the three drivers categories in terms of the three EFA factors as well as the history of crashes and violations. It was found that microbus drivers committed a significantly higher number of traffic violations than both motorcyclists and private car drivers. Also, private car drivers were involved in a fewer number of crashes and had more positive driving behavior compared to microbus drivers. The research findings would aid in targeting the high-risk drivers in future road safety educational campaigns and training courses.

Sensory, cognitive perception, and consumer liking of Mexican Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka): an online survey with pictures comparing consumer types and sale contexts

SummaryThe objective of the study was to evaluate the sensory and cognitive perception of different types of consumers and contexts of sale of Mexican Persian lime using digital images and an online survey. A questionnaire in Google® Forms was responded by 293 Mexican consumers grouped into housewives, conventional consumers, and lime producers who evaluated images of Mexican Persian lime in different sale contexts: farm; producer's house; local market; supermarket and sale at packing facilities Mexican Persian lime. Sensory attributes elicited by digital images were evaluated, and emotions and memories were collected using the check‐all‐that‐apply technique. The results showed that the producers used less sensory attributes for the characterisation of the Persian lime images. Persian lime images evoked more positive emotions (free, loving, calm, adventurous, nostalgic, happy, joyful, interested, active, satisfied, and warm), positive memories (traditional food, family, nature, climate, and birthplace), and few negative emotions and memories (worried, pain, and poverty). The liking of the three groups of consumers was oriented to the contexts of sale of Mexican Persian lime in the farm and supermarket.

A Broad Examination of Mental Health Literacy Among College Students in the United States.

High levels of mental health literacy (MHL) have been linked to the ability to correctly recognize certain problems as mental health issues, which then may lead to effective help-seeking behaviors. Most research on MHL has focused on a limited number of psychiatric diagnoses, using Australian samples. This study aimed to investigate various components of MHL in a large sample of undergraduate students in the United States. We conducted a vignette-based study with 843 undergraduate students. Six psychiatric diagnoses (and two "non-disordered" scenarios) were represented in distinct vignettes. Participants rated the severity of each vignette character's problem, the helpfulness of numerous treatment options, and the likelihood that different etiological factors contributed to the character's problem. Across all clinical vignettes, therapy/counseling was perceived to be the most helpful treatment. Participants rated "personal weakness/lack of willpower" as contributing the most to the alcohol use disorder (AUD) character's problems. Our hypothesis related to how perceptions of etiology may impact participants' perceptions of different types of treatment was partially supported for the depression character. When participants described the depression character as having a "psychological/mental health problem," they were more likely to perceive therapy/counseling as being helpful compared to medication. Participants recognized most of the psychiatric diagnoses as a mental health problem, acknowledged the seriousness of the presenting problems, and recommended effective help-seeking behavior. However, undergraduate U.S. students could benefit from increased MHL specifically related to AUD. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2023;7(4):e207-e214.].

Adolescents’ perceptions of active school transport in northern Sweden

Active school transport (AST) refers to using active means of transport such as walking, cycling, or riding a non-motorised scooter to school. It can help improve adolescents’ physical activity levels and create a more sustainable environment. The study involved 70 adolescents (45 boys and 25 girls) aged 13 to 14 from one school in Skellefteå, in Northern Sweden. In an online questionnaire, they were asked about their perceptions of cycling, walking, and riding a non-motorised scooter to school. This study used descriptive statistics, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with ANOVA to analyse the collected data and compare the perceptions of different types of transport on safety, environmental, and personal factors among adolescents in Northern Sweden. According to the results, more adolescents walked to school than cycled, and significantly few rode a non-motorised scooter to school. Most adolescents believe walking or cycling to school is a great way to exercise. Furthermore, the study also revealed that many adolescents avoid using AST due to the time it takes. Although the study showed that adolescents felt sufficient support for using AST from schools and parents, the number of adolescents using motorised transport is higher during winter than in summer. Additionally, most of them were more confident about cycling and walking to school than riding a non-motorised scooter and thought using AST was nice. Finally, most adolescents perceived having complete control over their transport options when going to school. The research indicates that it is crucial to implement interventions that inspire children to be interested and excited about using AST. These strategies should include fostering an AST culture that is fun and positive, as well as creating environments that are safe and supportive. The research results will guide the creation of a persuasive game that can motivate adolescents to use AST and measure its effectiveness.

O.2.1-6 Effects of test modality and testing site on exercise-induced hypoalgesia in healthy human males: a protocol

Abstract Background A single session of physical exercise can acutely reduce experimental pain—a phenomenon known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). There is inconsistency in the literature as to (1) whether EIH differentially impact the perception of different types of nociceptive stimuli (e.g., pressure versus thermal stimuli) and (2) whether exercise selectively modulates pain at exercising body parts, or also involves non-exercising body parts. Purpose We aim to characterize the effects of a single session of aerobic exercise on the sensitivity to stimuli activating skin versus muscle nociceptors, within or outside exercising body parts. Methods We will recruit 40 healthy male participants aged 18-30 years. First, we will familiarize them with the sensory assessments and conduct a maximal cycling test. Then, we will assess, in two sessions, the sensitivity to blunt pressure, mechanical pinprick, contact heat and cold, and auditory stimuli before and after a cycling exercise versus a control session. Sensory testing will be performed over the rectus femoris muscle of the dominant leg (local site) and over the flexor muscles of the non-dominant forearm (remote site). EIH will be quantified as the absolute and relative changes in sensitivity to the sensory stimuli before and after exercise. Conclusions We hypothesize that EIH will be greater (1) in the exercise than in the control session, (2) at the local site compared with the remote site if local changes in nociceptive sensitivity contribute to EIH, and (3) when blunt pressure stimuli are used if EIH involves specific changes in sensitivity of muscle nociceptors.

Consumer’s Preference and Perception of Different Types of Meat among Respondents in Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria

Consumer’s Preference and Perception of Different Types of Meat among Respondents in Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria

The relationship between different levels of facial attractiveness and malocclusion perception: an eye tracking and survey study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of facial attractiveness and the perception of different types of malocclusion.MethodsA preliminary questionnaire was used to assign photographs of three female patients to low, moderate, and high facial attractiveness designations. Seven modified photographs for each smile photograph of each of these three patients were created. The evaluated photographs were as follows: P0: at rest position, P1: ideal smile, P2: − 2-mm (low) smile line, P3: + 4-mm gummy smile, P4: + 6-mm gummy smile, P5: maxillary anterior crowding, P6: median diastema, P7: polydiastema. An eye tracking device and a questionnaire were used to collect data from orthodontists, dentists, orthodontic patients, and laypeople.ResultsTotal fixation duration varied depending on the type of malocclusion, the level of facial attraction, and the participants’ occupations. In general, orthodontists and dentists had higher total fixation duration scores than orthodontic patients and laypersons. The maxillary anterior crowding photograph had the lowest visual analysis scale score at each attractiveness level (low, medium, and high). Visual analysis scale scores became similar at each attractiveness level only in the P4 photographs, and thus the difference in facial attractiveness disappeared.ConclusionWhile a worsening of the ideal smile had a smaller impact on aesthetic perceptions in an individual with low facial attractiveness, it had a significant negative impact on a person with high facial attractiveness. Anterior crowding and diastema had a more negative impact on facial attractiveness than low or high smile lines.

Exploring Learners’ Perception of Different Types of Reading Strategies in Academic Reading

Exploring Learners’ Perception of Different Types of Reading Strategies in Academic Reading

The differential impact of organizational restructuring and downsizing on the psychosocial work environment and safety climate in the petroleum industry

This study examines trends in employee perceptions of psychosocial risk and safety climate during organizational change in the Norwegian petroleum industry between 2007 and 2019. Using data from the RNNP survey, which is distributed to personnel on offshore facilities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and onshore installations biennially, a repeated measures analysis was conducted to identify trends in psychosocial risk and safety climate perceptions. Results indicated that while safety climate was perceived to improve significantly from 2009 to 2019, those participants who had experienced organizational downsizing, organizational restructuring, or both downsizing and restructuring reported a significantly lower safety climate on most waves included in the analysis. While those participants that had experienced downsizing reported a significantly lower quality psychosocial work environment across waves, it was organizational restructuring that was associated with the largest perceived decline in the quality of the psychosocial work environment and not downsizing. The combination of restructuring and downsizing was significantly associated with a lower quality psychosocial work environment across all waves but to a lesser extent than for safety climate. Our study highlights that different types of organizational change – restructuring and downsizing, have a differential impact on the perception of different types of risk – psychosocial risk and safety climate. It further demonstrates the long-term detrimental effect of large-scale resource cuts, particularly those that culminated in 2017 in the Norwegian Petroleum industry, demonstrated as an erosion in the perception of the quality of both safety climate and the psychosocial work environment.

Barriers to Third Mission: organizational and individual antecedents

The fulfillment of the University’s Third Mission has led the university to become a key actor for social and economic development in its regions of influence through a much closer linkage with the different agents in its environment. Thus, the literature has highlighted both the benefits derived from the Third University Mission, the difficulties inherent in the process and the existence of various barriers that can hinder its consolidation in the academic environment. Within the framework of these studies, it has been possible to identify three types of barriers to adopting the third mission: process, researcher, and ally or partner. It is worth mentioning that most of the research developed to date has focused on the study of the impact of the barriers on the development of the Third Mission but not on the analysis of the factors that can influence or attenuate the perception of these barriers. This is surprising if one considers that identifying these factors is relevant in designing strategies to promote the University’s Third Mission. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors that influence or attenuate the researcher’s perception of different types of barriers to developing Third Mission activities. The study was based on data from a survey applied to a sample of academics categorized in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia and linked to 6 higher education institutions in the Colombian Caribbean region. Binary logistic regression models were established to analyze the data obtained. The results obtained suggest that, in addition to the researcher's previous experience in the external sector, their perception of the existence of processes or support services provided by the university for the promotion of relationships with actors in the socioeconomic environment is important to mitigate the barriers perceived during the development of Third Mission activities, especially when these activities are located in the support for the management and execution of technology transfer activities. In particular, it was found that as the academic's perception of the policies and procedures, support activities, and the university's technology transfer capacity improves, the barriers of both the researcher and those associated with the process are dissipated. This implies that universities should advance in the institutionalization of the third mission and in strengthening the functions of promotion, advice and support, as well as promotion structures and thus be able to mitigate the perceived barriers to the development of the University’s Third Mission.

AI Based Recruitment Tool

Abstract: In this study, the researchers narrowed their focus to the application of algorithmic decision-making in ranking job applicants. Instead of comparing algorithms to human decision-makers, the study examined participants' perceptions of different types of algorithms. The researchers varied the complexity and transparency of the algorithm to understand how these factors influenced participants' perceptions. The study explored participants' trust in the algorithm's decision-making abilities, fairness of the decisions, and emotional responses to the situation. Unlike previous work, the study emphasized the impact of algorithm design and presentation on perceptions. The findings are important for algorithm designers, especially employers subject to public scrutiny for their hiring practices.

Перцепция в малой прозе В. Набокова (на материале рассказов «Возвращение Чорба» и «Картофельный Эльф»)

The aim of the research is to prove that V. Nabokov’s short prose is inconceivable without combining all the existing ways of perception of an artistic reality and its comprehension by the reader as a whole. The author of the paper chose the two stories from the collection “The Return of Chorb” where perception is most explicitly used as a technique: smells, sounds, tactile and gustatory sensations, visual images – all these elements together, complementing each other, make up the narrative pattern of the works. The researcher analyses how the characters are perceived by the reader combining in his/her imagination visual, sound images, tactile and gustatory sensations, smells. The scientific novelty of the research lies in integrating the study of the reader’s perception of different types of sensations found in one work. Until recently, perception has been little studied as an independent artistic technique, separate tools, motifs, means became the object of study. For V. Nabokov, who has eidetic memory, it is not enough to reproduce one sensation – the completeness of his artistic reality requires the involvement of all perceptive organs. The research findings have shown that the reader’s imagination, recreating the artistic reality from the author’s text, due to the multitude of details evokes the feeling of reality, presence in the recipient, helps him/her to comprehend the narrative as a whole, the state of the characters, other people’s attitude towards these characters, which is impossible without the use of perception, namely the ability to communicate the entire complex of sensations available to a person.

Artificial Tactile Sensing System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Synaptic Transistor

Artificial tactile sensing system could realize the perception of different types of tactile information. Nowadays, most tactile sensors mainly convert the external stimulation signals into different material conductivity value, and processed by complex external circuits to detect the human physiological signals. In this work, the artificial synaptic device was connected with triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) to fabricate a tactile sensing system in a simple way. This system could detect the external pressure stimulations and accurately recognize small frequency touch signals of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-2.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz. In addition, the complex biological behavior was also simulated, which enlightened significance for the future bionic tactile systems and the field of human-computer interaction.

Influence of noise on perception of different types of dysarthric speech

Disturbances in the central nervous system may lead to changes in the speech muscle system, which impact muscle strength, tone, and coordination as well as movement speed, resulting in different types of dysarthria, each impacting respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody differentially. Bilateral upper motor neuron damage leads to spastic dysarthria, cerebellar damage ataxic dysarthria, and damage to basal ganglia hypokinetic dysarthria. In estimating the severity of speech impairment, and measuring speech intelligibility, both reading and spontaneous speech samples are routinely used by speech-language pathologists. However, noise levels in acute and rehabilitation hospitals often exceed the World Health Organization guidelines (Busch-Vishniac et al., 2005) which may impact the clinical outcomes. In this study, 100 graduate student clinicians in Speech-Language Pathology measured speech intelligibility and estimated the severity of speech impairment of speech samples produced by three types of dysarthric speakers: spastic, ataxic, and hypokinetic, in two different noise conditions (quiet, and hospital noise). The differential impact of noise on different types of dysarthria is examined, and its implication on clinical outcomes is discussed.