Perception Of Cervical Cancer Research Articles

A home-based educational intervention for cervical cancer screening services in rural Uganda

Background/Aims Despite the relative ease of prevention, the incidence of cervical cancer in Uganda is increasing and there is low uptake of screening services. One of the main contributing factors to low uptake is a lack of awareness. Targeting this barrier may help increase uptake and reduce the burden of cervical cancer. This study evaluated the effect of an educational intervention on knowledge, perception, intent to use and use of cervical cancer screening among women in rural southwestern Uganda. Methods This pre-test, post-test study was conducted with 150 women from a village in southwest Uganda, selected for its low uptake of cervical screening services. The home-based educational intervention consisted of a lecture and a discussion on cervical cancer and screening services. Data on women's knowledge, perceptions and use of screening services were captured at baseline and 7 weeks after the intervention, using a questionnaire. Chi-squared tests and paired sample t-tests were used to assess differences in participants' knowledge, perception and use of screening services. Results At baseline, participants had low scores for awareness, attitude and use of cervical screening. The intervention significantly improved knowledge (P<0.001), perception (P<0.001) and screening rate (P<0.001). Some participants' unwillingness to screen after the intervention was associated with marital status or religion. Conclusions The home-based health education intervention was effective in improving knowledge and perception of cervical cancer, and use of screening services. Use of this education intervention in rural regions of Uganda could be an effective strategy to increase use of screening services and thus improve early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.

Exploring women's perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in an urban community: A qualitative study

Exploring women's perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in an urban community: A qualitative study

Unpacking the Lay Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer: A Focus Group Study on the Perceptions of Cervical Cancer and Its Prevention among Women Late for Screening in Norway.

Nonattendance for cervical cancer screening is often understood in terms of a lack of 'appropriate' or 'correct' knowledge about the risks and prevention of the disease. Few studies have explored how lay persons-the users themselves-interpret and contextualise scientific knowledge about cervical cancer. In this study, we address the following research question: How is the epidemiology of cervical cancer and its prevention discussed among women who are late for cervical cancer screening in Norway? We completed nine focus group interviews (FGIs) with 41 women who had postponed cervical screening. The analyses were both inductive and explorative, aiming to unpack the complexity of lay understandings of cervical cancer. Interactive associations expressed in the FGIs reflected multiple understandings of aetiology and risk factors, screening, and interpretations of responsibility for acquiring cervical cancer. The term 'candidacy' was employed to provide an enhanced understanding of lay reasoning about the explanations and predictions of cervical cancer, as reflected in the FGIs. Both interpretations of biomedical concepts and cultural values were used to negotiate acceptable and nuanced interpretations of candidacy for cervical cancer. Uncertainties about risk factors for acquiring cervical cancer was an important aspect of such negotiations. The study's findings provide an in-depth understanding of the contexts in which screening may be rendered less relevant or significant for maintaining health. Lay epidemiology should not be considered inappropriate knowledge but rather as a productive component when understanding health behaviours, such as screening attendance.

Understanding of Cervical Screening Adoption among Female University Students Based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Health-Belief Model

This study aimed to identify the decisional stages for cervical screening and corresponding cognitive factors in female university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Korean female university students aged 20-29 years through an online survey. The main outcome was the decisional stage of cervical screening adoption using the precaution adoption process model. The stages were classified into pre-adoption (the unawareness, unengaged, and undecided stages), adoption (the decided to act and acting stages), and refusal (the decided not to act stage). The cognitive factors in each stage were analyzed using the key concepts of the health-belief model. Cervical screening was defined as a clinical Papanicolaou (Pap) smear performed by a physician in a clinic. The final analysis included 1024 students. Approximately 89.0%, 1.0%, and 10.2% were classified as the pre-adoption, refusal, and adoption stages, respectively. Compared to the pre-adoption stage group, the adoption stage group was more likely to be older and have higher self-efficacy and knowledge. Most participants belonged to the pre-adoption stage-those unaware of cervical screening. Furthermore, most had a low level of knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and its screening. Therefore, our study highlighted the need for education to increase awareness and knowledge of cervical screening in this population.

Knowledge and Perceptions about Cervical Cancer and HPV Screening in Women in Rural Areas of Ecuador: A Qualitative Research Study.

Background: Cervical cancer continues to be a major health problem in developing countries. Educational programs, as well as Pap and HPV screening and vaccination, are important tools to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates associated with this disease. The objective of this study is to explore the diverse knowledge and perceptions about cervical cancer and the different diagnostic tests for HPV of populations living in the rural parish “El Valle”. Method: A qualitative study was conducted through eight focus groups, which included 46 participants from mixed ethnic groups. A phenomenological analysis was performed. Results: Four topics and seven sub-topics were identified. By analyzing all the narratives, it was possible to identify that the perception of cervical cancer was focused on its severity, secondary to its infectious process and screening periodicity. However, despite the diverse knowledge, indigenous people do not relate it to the human papilloma virus; in addition, there is also certain resistance to undergo the Pap smear test, for reasons such as inaccessibility and its sampling process. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop educational programs for the prevention of cervical cancer and to implement diagnostic alternatives to reach populations with precarious accessibility, as well as women who refuse to undergo the Pap smear test.

Perceptions of cervical cancer and motivation for screening among women in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi: A qualitative study.

IntroductionCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in Malawi. Low awareness of cervical cancer and negative perceptions of screening can prevent women from participating in preventative strategies. We sought to explore perceptions and motivations for screening among women who participated in a cervical cancer screen-and-treat pilot study in rural Malawi.Materials and methodsWe conducted a qualitative sub-study of a community-based cervical cancer screen-and-treat pilot study in rural Lilongwe between July-August 2017. From October 2017-February 2018, 17 women who underwent screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and same-day thermal ablation treatment were recruited at their 12-week follow-up visit post treatment to participate in this qualitative sub-study. Semi-structured interview guides that explored baseline knowledge of cervical cancer, perceptions, and motivation for screening were used for in-depth interviews (IDIs). IDIs were conducted in the local language, Chichewa, translated and transcribed to English. Data was analyzed using NVivo® V12.0.ResultsFindings included fatalistic views on cancer, but limited knowledge specific to cervical cancer. Misconceptions of cervical cancer screening were common; however, there was a unique understanding of screening as prevention (i.e., finding and treating early disease to prevent progression to worsening disease). This understanding appeared to stem from HIV prevention concepts known to the community. Motivations for screening included desire to know one’s health status, convenience of community-based screening, and peer encouragement.ConclusionDespite limited knowledge of cervical cancer and misconceptions of screening, the concept of screening for prevention, desire to know one’s health status, convenient access, and peers’ influence were motivators for participation in screening. Cervical cancer screen-and-treat programs in high HIV prevalence areas should consider utilizing language that parallels HIV prevention language to communicate the need for cervical cancer screening and treatment and utilize prevention concepts that may already be familiar to women living there.

Communities' perceptions towards cervical cancer and its screening in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm from cells originating in the cervix uteri. Any woman who is sexually active is at risk of getting HPV. Women in sub-Saharan Africa region have higher chance of developing the disease. There are nearly 26 million Ethiopian women who are over the age of 15 and believed to be at risk of getting HPV. Regrettably, Ethiopian women typically present for cervical cancer care at a late stage in the disease, where treatment is most ineffective. To explore communities' perceptions of cervical cancer and screening among women in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. A qualitative research using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews was used to explore communities' perceptions of cervical cancer and screening among women in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia from March 2018-November 2019. The study participants were men, women and communities who were residents of the study settings and were not health professionals. All focused group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews were transcribed and entered into Microsoft Word and thematic content analysis was done. A total of fifty-nine participants participated in both FGD (three with men and six with women) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Most participants have not heard about cervical cancer but know cancer in general. Participants mentioned that the disease usually relates to many births and unprotected sexual intercourse but none mentioned HPV infection. Most of the participants perceive that cervical cancer is incurable and assume that it could be prevented but they think they are not vulnerable to the disease and screening is not necessary. This study indicates that rural communities in the zone had limited knowledge about cervical cancer and even less about risk factors, screening, treatment and prevention. There is a great need for cancer education and prevention in Ethiopia.

Perceptions of cervical cancer and motivation for screening among women in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi: A qualitative study

Perceptions of cervical cancer and motivation for screening among women in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi: A qualitative study

Factors related to completion of referral among women with suspected cervical cancer and dysplasia in Tanzania.

To investigate completion of referral among women with suspected cervical cancer in Tanzania. Retrospective cohort study of 196 women referred from two healthcare clinics to Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, between March 2016 and June 2018. Women with precancerous lesions or suspected cancer were interviewed about their knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and referred for follow-up. Most participants were unable to name symptoms (55.1%), prevention methods (88.3%), or treatments (59.0%), although 79.1% rated the disease as severe. Women who came for routine early detection were less likely to complete referral than those who did not (odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.70). Women who knew someone who died from cervical cancer were 5.40 times more likely to complete referral than those who did not. Knowing someone with cervical cancer was a predictor of referral completion in three multivariate models: OR, 5.62 (95% CI, 2.20-14.38); 4.34 (1.64-11.47); and 4.61 (1.72-12.36). Having severe symptoms was a predictor of non-completion in two models: 0.30 (0.12-0.75) and 0.35 (0.14-0.87). Patient-directed interventions should include education involving survivors of cancer and dysplasia, whereas system-directed interventions should utilize reminders to increase referral completion.

Knowledge and Perception of Cervical Cancer and Screening: Predicting Screening Uptake Among Women in A Selected Nigerian Community

Knowledge and Perception of Cervical Cancer and Screening: Predicting Screening Uptake Among Women in A Selected Nigerian Community

Lay knowledge of cervical cancer in Manhi\xe7a district, Mozambique: a qualitative study

BackgroundMozambique has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates in the world. Health interventions are still being conceived solely from a non-communicable disease standpoint despite that it is also a sexual and reproductive health problem. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which lay perceptions of cervical cancer align with biomedical knowledge from the standpoint of sexual and reproductive health.Methods10 focus group discussions were carried out with 10 target groups in Manhiça. The target groups were diverse in terms of age, sex, educational level and occupation. There were a total of 116 participants. The focus groups discussions were applied to obtain verbal information and trigger debates around beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer as well as to explore notions of transmission and aetiology of the disease. The discussions were recorded for later transcription and analysis, following a combination of content and thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were familiar with the biomedical term ‘cervical cancer’ but knowledge of its aetiology and transmission was limited. Cervical cancer was readily associated to sexual transmission and sexually transmitted infections, and conceived as a ‘wound that does not heal’. The term ‘cancer’ caused confusion, as it was perceived to happen only in limbs, understood as hereditary, not transmissible and as an illness of the West.ConclusionsLay perceptions of cervical cancer do, to a large extent, align with biomedical ones, thus, there is common ground to frame future health interventions from a sexual and reproductive health standpoint. Some misperceptions were identified which could be reduced through social behaviour change communication initiatives.

40. Knowledge and Perception of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer which ranks the second of whole incident of cancer in women. Cervical cancer can metastatic to other organs and can cause death. The objective of the research was to knowlage and perception about cervical cancer. The type of research was a survey with descriptive design. The population of women in Banda Aceh and 60 of them were used as the samples using accidental sampling technique. The data were collected by interview and analyzed by using univariat. There were influence of poor knowledge 63,3%, and 75,0% negative perception about cervical cancer. It is recommended that the local Government, Health Office and Indonesian Cancer Foundation in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province provide convenience in service counseling in order to increase knowledge. The movement of early detection program (papsmear) need to be improved so that women sexually active are willing to examine themselves to the health service so that there will be no lateness in having treatment.

Perception of cervical cancer and its cytological screening among medical students

Introduction: In Nigeria, cancer of the cervix is known to be the second commonest malignancy among females. In developed countries, there has been a paradigm shift attributed to effective cervical cancer screening predominantly using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. This screening tool is highly sensitive and specific; having a commendable positive predictive value as well as relatively cheap and effective means of screening cervical cancer for early detection. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the perception of Pap smear among medical students in College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (CHS-UDUS) in order to be able to recommend ways for improving acceptability, usage, and dissemination of information of the screening tool (Pap smear). Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional study design. Preclinical students of CHS-UDUS were selected using random sampling technique. Pretested semi-structured, self-administered questionnaires were administered on the students. Quantitative variables were analyzed and presented using measures of central tendency [mean and median] and measures of dispersion (standard deviation), while Chi-square test was used in bivariate analyses, to determine the statistical association between the categorical groups, with a P

Perceptions of Cervical Cancer and Screening Behavior among Cambodian and Lao Women in the United States: An Exploratory, Mixed-Methods Study.

This concurrent mixed method study examined barriers to cervical cancer screening (CCS) among Cambodian and Lao women and mother-daughter communication about women's health, cervical cancer, and screening. We conducted seven focus groups with purposeful samples of Cambodian and Lao women in the Midwest. The participants completed a survey on health characteristics and attitudes about CCS. Focus group data were analyzed using content analysis, and survey data were analyzed calculating descriptive statistics and bivariate hypothesis testing. Predominantly, women spoke about modesty, privacy, and screening only if symptoms were present. More Lao than Cambodian women reported having ever had a Pap smear, significantly higher knowledge about, and greater positive support for completing Pap smears from health providers, family, and friends. Results show cultural similarities among mothers and daughters in communication about women's health, but cultural and generational differences in knowledge, intent, and beliefs about cervical cancer and screening.

Impact of health education intervention on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening for women in Ghana

BackgroundThe burden of cervical cancer continues to rise in developing economies. Women in the sub-Saharan African region have higher chances of developing cervical cancer due to a greater prevalence of related risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education intervention on cervical cancer and screening perceptions of women in the Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, and Abirem (K.E.E.A) District in the Central Region of Ghana.MethodsA non-equivalent control-group design was used to select church women; 396 in the intervention group and 386 in the control group, aged 11 to 70 years in the K.E.E.A District in the Central Region of Ghana. Data was collected via a validated structured interview schedule and analysed using the paired - and independent-samples t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsA comparison of the mean differences between the pre-post-test scores for the intervention and control groups showed a statistically significant difference for knowledge of cervical cancer (t = 6.22, df = 780, p = 0.001), knowledge of cervical cancer screening (t = 5.96, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived seriousness (t = 3.36, df = 780, p = 0.001), perceived benefits (t = 9.19, df = 780, p = 0.001), and perceived barriers (t = 3.19, df = 780, p = 0.001). However, perceived susceptibility for the intervention group reduced, evidenced by a decrease in the mean (mean = − 0.12) compared to the control group (mean = 0.93) and this was statistically significant (t = 2.72, df = 780, p = 0.007).ConclusionsHealth education interventions are critical in improving knowledge and perceptions, and increasing self-efficacy of women about cervical cancer and screening.Trial registrationISRCTN Registry: Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN13468198. Registered 22 March 2019.

3112 Factors Associated with Hesitancy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Latina Immigrant Mothers Despite Physician Recommendation

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with Latina immigrant mothers’ hesitancy in having their 9-12 year old daughters vaccinated against HPV despite a physician recommendation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The data analyzed for this study was from a previous effort that examined the efficacy of an intervention to promote HPV vaccination among daughters (9-12 years of age) of Latina immigrants (N=317) through a randomized trial. Baseline data among Latina immigrant mothers with unvaccinated daughters was collected prior to this intervention. Participants were surveyed on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer and HPV, and intention to vaccinate their daughters with the HPV vaccine if recommended by the daughter’s physician. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Out of 317 participants, 205 reported willingness to vaccinate following a physician recommendation (64.7%) while 112 reported hesitancy (defined as an answer of “maybe”) to vaccinate their daughters (35.3%). None of the participants indicated “no”. No sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy except for the daughter’s health insurance status (p = 0.03). A significant difference existed in the mother’s perceived risk of cervical cancer in herself based on hesitancy and willingness to vaccination (p < 0.001). Mother’s awareness of HPV (p < 0.0001), knowledge of HPV (p < 0.01), her perceived risk of HPV infection in herself (p < 0.01) and in her daughter (p < 0.0001), and her worry about her daughter being infected with HPV (p = 0.02) were also significant. Finally, there were differences among mothers in confidence of being able to have their daughters complete all three doses of the vaccine (p < 0.0001), and having the time (p < 0.0001) and the money (p < 0.0001) to complete the vaccination series. Factors that were significant in the univariate analysis were then incorporated into a binary logistic multivariable regression. HPV knowledge score was excluded from this analysis due to its limited sample size (n = 169). The five variables that were strongly associated with the outcome of vaccine hesitancy included: HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of HPV infection in their daughter, confidence in the ability to receive all three shots in vaccine series, confidence in being able to afford the vaccine series, and daughter’s health insurance. All were positively correlated with intention to vaccinate except for daughter’s health insurance status. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Despite research showing Latinos are pro-vaccination and the association between HCP provider recommendation and vaccine acceptability among parents, over 35% of Latina immigrant mothers in our study were still hesitant about having their daughters vaccinated against HPV following a physician recommendation. Factors that strongly contributed to this hesitancy included HPV awareness, mother’s perceived risk of their daughter being infected with HPV, self-efficacy (ability to receive all required shots and finding time to complete the HPV vaccination series), and daughter’s health insurance status. These results indicate that HCP recommendation may be not enough of a driving factor to motivate Latina immigrant mothers to vaccinate their daughters against HPV. Further research efforts should focus on heightening perceived risk of HPV infection, improving knowledge of HPV, and boosting their self-efficacy to get their children vaccinated against HPV.

Differences in Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Practices by HIV Status and Geographic Location: Implication for Program Implementation in Zambia.

The knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer among HIV negative and positive women, aged 25-49 years, from rural and urban locations in Zambia was systematically accessed in this study to determine any differences. Data were coded and analyzed using NVivo software. Compared to HIV negative women, HIV positive women had more accurate information about cervical cancer. They were more likely to cite male circumcision as the best approach to cervical cancer prevention. HPV infection was more commonly mentioned as a risk factor among HIV positive women. However, HIV positive women displayed little knowledge about HPV being the major cause of cervical cancer. Among HIV positive women, lack of time was the major screening barrier cited while HIV negative women mentioned being symptomatic as a determinant for early detection. Compared to rural residents, urban residents cited a wider range of cervical cancer information sources, including media and workplace although all of the participants who stated that they had no knowledge of cervical cancer were urban residents. Overall, knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer among study participants was high, although differences exist between subgroups. Sharing accurate and standardized information on cervical cancer would improve participation in cervical cancer screening services.

An Assessment of Awareness, Barriers in Perception of Cervical Cancer and Effect Estimation of Educational Intervention Programme in Females

An Assessment of Awareness, Barriers in Perception of Cervical Cancer and Effect Estimation of Educational Intervention Programme in Females

Perception of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus in Korean female university students

Perception of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus in Korean female university students

301O Exploring perceptions of cervical cancer in Dhaka, Bangladesh

301O Exploring perceptions of cervical cancer in Dhaka, Bangladesh