Student Perceptions Research Articles

A VISÃO DOS ACADÊMICOS DE FISIOTERAPIA EM RELAÇÃO ÀS DISFUNÇÕES DO ASSOALHO PÉLVICO

INTRODUCTION: The undergraduate course in Physiotherapy aims to educate its students so that they become generalist Physiotherapists. It is part of their training to study human movement with the aim of preserving, developing and restoring the integrity of organs, systems and functions, in a global way. This study aimed to investigate the perception of physiotherapy students about pelvic floor dysfunctions, a topic of increasing relevance in physiotherapy practice, especially in the areas of women’s health and urogynecology. Considering the importance of the pelvic floor for essential functions, such as continence and support of pelvic organs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge of undergraduate students of the Physiotherapy course, from a private university in Teresina-PI, on the subject of the pelvic floor. METHODOLOGY: This is a cross-sectional exploratory study with a quantitative approach, of 180 students, and 91 volunteers who agreed to participate in the research. The descriptive statistical analysis was presented with their respective absolute, relative (mean and standard deviation) and percentage values. As a data collection instrument, a self-administered questionnaire was used, with open and closed questions related to the pelvic floor theme. Students enrolled in the Physiotherapy course at the Santo Agostinho University Center – UNIFSA, Teresina-PI, Brazil, of both sexes, and who were studying between the 1st and 9th period were interviewed. RESULTS: Regarding knowledge of the pelvic floor, 85.7% have knowledge about the pelvic floor, and 14.3% have no knowledge about the pelvic floor. When asked about knowledge about how to strengthen the pelvic floor, 20.9% have no knowledge about it, and 79.1% have knowledge about how to strengthen the pelvic floor. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there is a discrepancy in the participants’ knowledge and that, although they claim to know about the pelvic floor, most also know how to strengthen the pelvic floor. However, it is necessary that the subject be addressed more in basic and pre-professional disciplines.

Knowledge and perception of medical students on genetics in the genomic era.

The importance of medical genetics in modern healthcare underscores the urgent need for comprehensive genetics education for physicians. Such training should address both fundamental concepts and ethical considerations to bridge existing knowledge gaps and improve early diagnostic capabilities. In Latin America, the level of genetic knowledge among healthcare workers, particularly medical students, remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates the knowledge and attitudes toward genetic testing among final-year medical students at a public university in Monterrey, Mexico. Using a cross-sectional, observational, and anonymous survey design, the International Genetic Literacy and Attitudes Survey version 3 (iGLAS3) was administered from October 1, 2019, to August 16, 2020. This online survey collected demographic information, assessed genetic knowledge, and gauged opinions on genetic topics, focusing on items most relevant to our research objectives. Statistical analyses provided descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency. Of the 323 surveys distributed, 201 participants completed essential sections, revealing a moderate to high level of genetic knowledge, with an average score of 70 ± 11.5. The demographic profile included 58.7% women, 40.3% men, and 0.5% non-binary individuals, with an average participant age of 24years. A majority of participants expressed openness to genetic testing, primarily through private entities; however, significant concerns about the potential misuse of genetic data were noted. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing genetic education and incorporating practical genetics training into medical curricula to meet the evolving challenges in this field effectively.

The Effectiveness of Think-Pair-Share Strategy on EFL Omani Learners’ Vocabulary Achievement and Insights

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of using the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) strategy on EFL Omani learners’ vocabulary achievement. It also documented learners’ perceptions regarding the importance of their practicing the TPS strategy in general. The study sample included two groups, one control and one experimental, in the 2023–2024 academic year. Two research instruments were used to collect data: a vocabulary test and a student perceptions questionnaire. Both groups were pretested to assess their vocabulary achievement and to ensure equivalence between them. Students in the experimental group received a four-week TPS intervention whereas their counterparts were taught using a conventional method. The questionnaire explored students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of TPS. The results showed significant differences between the control and experimental groups in vocabulary achievement in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, the results revealed that students held positive views regarding TPS implementation. Implications were made to introduce TPS for Omani learners.

Perceptions of Indian dental students about online training on preclinical orthodontics during the COVID pandemic: A qualitative study

The objective of the study was to determine students’ perceptions about online training in preclinical orthodontics during the COVID lockdown. After obtaining ethical approval this phenomenological descriptive qualitative study was conducted for sixty minutes on two different days. It reported students’ experiences during the pandemic through focus group discussions. These were recorded on audio and video platforms. The researchers then transcribed and analyzed the recordings and codified the answers into categories to determine the emerging topics until a saturation point was reached. The core emerging themes were (1) Angst and apprehensions (2) Perception about the learning experience (3) Challenges encountered. Even though online learning has been a useful tool for delivering didactic (theoretical) concepts, we attempted to teach preclinical orthodontics to students of final year BDS. Students reported being skeptical and worried at first, but they soon were able to overcome the initial apprehensions and perform well.

Students' Perceptions of Using ChatGPT for Academic Writing in English

This article explores the perceptions of university students on the use of ChatGPT for academic writing in English. Participants (n = 79) are all students on mandatory English-language courses at a university Language Centre in Finland. They are predominantly first-year bachelor’s degree students from various degree programmes in different faculties. Participants’ insights were collected via a survey that was administered to several intact groups during the autumn semester of 2023. The survey collected quantitative and qualitative data which were analysed and discussed in light of students’ developing academic writing skills in English. The study sheds light on students’ specific uses of the AI-driven tool as well as their perceptions of its impact on not only the writing process and product, but also on their own writing skills. The results indicated that students perceived ChatGPT to have above average usability, a finding which was supported and elucidated by students’ free responses concerning ways in which they have used this technology. Conversely, the reasons that some students had not used it included, amongst others, a lack of need, ethical concerns and doubts about its usefulness. Given the continued development and availability of large language models such as ChatGPT, this research has clear implications for all stakeholders in higher education. In particular, by illustrating how students utilise ChatGPT in their academic writing, the study provides university language teachers with the insights needed to ensure that their course outcomes, content and assessments remain reflective of students’ developing knowledge and study practices.

Learning from the best: How medical-students construct role models in general practice during the COVID-19 pandemic and what factors influence this process, a qualitative study.

Background Role-modelling has been found to strongly influence speciality choice for medical students either positively or negatively. There is a deficit in recruitment toward general practice, set to exacerbate the shortfall in GP numbers over the coming decade in the face of spiralling demand. In medical school, students acquire knowledge, skills and start to form their professional identity by observation and interaction with medical educators through the process of role-modelling. Given the significance of this process, the present study attempted to explore the “lived experience” of medical students encountering potential role models during their GP placement using a qualitative method. Methods Following a design based upon the principles of Grounded Theory 10 qualitative interviews were conducted with third-year medical student volunteers at Warwick Medical School. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using theoretical axial coding demonstrating data saturation in key themes. Results Analysis of data gave insights regarding student perception of positive and negative role modelling in three corresponding domains: Personal Attributes, Student Relationship and Patient Relationships. Conclusions The findings offer unique insights into the influence and impact of GP role-modelling on medical student’s experiences and perceptions during a time of the Covid-19 pandemic and the immediate post-pandemic period and add to the wider body of literature by exploring the influences GP role-modelling has on medical student training experience. The findings support easily implementable recommendations to strengthen positive role modelling in the GP medical student placement context.

Development of a leadership and management module for the undergraduate medical curriculum.

Physicians play an important role in management and governance of healthcare systems, yet many lack formal leadership training and skills. Despite leadership training through placements in wards at a graduate level, this should take place early on (undergraduate level), to lay the foundations for future physicians to consider a career choice in leadership positions long before entering practice. The fundamentals of leadership and management should be incorporated in the medical curriculum, with input from experts in the area such that relevant concepts are appropriately adapted with a healthcare context. We developed a pilot leadership and management module for undergraduate medical students, drawing from sources such as the UK National Health System and General Medical Council, primary literature, and undergraduate business school curricula. Students in their clinical years (4-6) of an undergraduate, six-year medical degree, were invited to participate in five 2-hour online sessions. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after module completion to assess whether individual perspectives on 22 skills relevant to leadership knowledge, and their self-rated competence in each one, changed following module attendance. Sixteen medical students participated in the study. Module attendance resulted in mean self-reported competence increase in 18 of the 22 skills, with "inspire others", "public speaking", "coding and billing", "risk management" and "conflict resolution" displaying the largest positive change. Free-text comments provided encouraging feedback regarding the module and its contents, and the teaching method of such skills (case-studies or more applied scenarios, as opposed to taught lectures). The positive changes in student perceptions and self-reported competence in leadership skills that are not traditionally included in the undergraduate medical curriculum, but are part of the business curriculum, further support the importance of inter-professional learning. Our findings are expected to inform the development of a module that could be incorporated in undergraduate medical curricula as part of future research with larger sample size and objective measures of skill competence.

Generative AI: Student Perception on ChatGPT Prompt Feedback in Post-Secondary Online Education

Generative AI: Student Perception on ChatGPT Prompt Feedback in Post-Secondary Online Education

Evaluating the effectiveness of a novel training model in dental preclinical regenerative endodontic education.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are tissue engineering-based treatments aimed at regenerating the pulp-dentin complex. However, these procedures are not widely practiced or well-known among dentists due to a lack of training. This study aims to develop a practical hands-on training model for REPs to enhance students' theoretical knowledge and practical skills. A cost-effective, easy-to-operate, and reusable training model for preclinical training of REPs was developed. A total of 125 undergraduates were divided into an experimental group (REPs model) and a control group (traditional teaching). The students' theoretical knowledge and operational skills were assessed through examinations and practical assessments. Student perceptions were assessed by questionnaires. The experimental group achieved higher scores in theoretical knowledge and operational skills compared to the control group (p < .001). The process evaluation of the experimental group demonstrated a high level of proficiency in executing root canal disinfection steps, with pass rates ranging from 93.5% to 95.2%. Students in both groups perceived the model as valuable for improving critical thinking, stimulating interest, and enhancing their confidence and proficiency. The developed REPs training model is a practical and effective tool for teaching and training regenerative endodontics. It bridges the gap between preclinical and clinical education, enhancing students' confidence and clinical competence.

Perceptions of the built environment and its effects on active school transportation in Michigan

ABSTRACT One of the longest-standing federal programs promoting Active School Transportation (AST) is the Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program. In Michigan, this program is funded by the Michigan Department of Transportation and administered by the Michigan Fitness Foundation. This paper assesses the various perceptions affecting AST. First, we look at the SRTS program in Michigan, assessing the differences in perceptions of parents and students regarding walking and biking to/from school. Second, we look at the difference in perceptions between parents living in rural and urban areas regarding the preferred mode of transport to school and the perceived challenges to using active transportation to and from school. Lastly, we look at what other built environment characteristics are associated with the use and perceptions on AST. Using primary data and statistical analyses such as Chi-Squared tests, linear and logistic regressions, we found various associations with AST and discuss the potential policy implications to understand and address the perceived barriers to using it.

THE USE OF DICTATION METHOD IN ENGLISH WRITING ACHIEVEMENT AT SMP NEGERI 31 PALEMBANG

This study examined the implementation and effectiveness of the Dictation Method in enhancing English writing achievement among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 31 Palembang. The research addressed two main questions: first, how students respond to the Dictation Method in their English learning; and second, how teachers implemented this method in classroom practice. Data were collected through surveys administered to 132 students across four classes, employing Likert scale analysis to gauge student perceptions. Results indicated overwhelming student approval (96%) of the Dictation Method, This study examined the implementation and effectiveness of the Dictation Method in enhancing English writing achievement among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 31 Palembang. The research addressed two main questions: first, how students respond to the Dictation Method in their English learning; and second, how teachers implemented this method in classroom practice. Data were collected through surveys administered to 132 students across four classes, employing Likert scale analysis to gauge student perceptions. Results indicated overwhelming student approval (96%) of the Dictation Method.

Plagiarism, from Carelessness to Crime. Perception of Undergraduate Students

Objective: To explore the perception of undergraduate students from a group of the Chemistry faculty regarding plagiarism, cyberplagiarism and their relationship with information sources. Theoretical Framework: Although the criminal code in Mexico indicates that plagiarism is a crime, there is evidence of it being a frequent event, we do not know the perception that undergraduate students have in relation to plagiarism, which is why it is necessary to investigate it. Method: Students from the Bachelor of Pharmacobiology and Chemistry participated voluntarily, and signed the informed consent. Participants were asked to write in free format what plagiarism/cyberplagiarism is and its relationship with information sources. Each document was then analyzed, identifying the terms used to consult their meaning in the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy and their representation was developed. Results and Discussion: Students have different perceptions of what plagiarism is, from “carelessness” to “crime”, and only 40% of participants completed the work by identifying the relationship between Plagiarism and the Information Sources session. Implications of the research: The findings allow us to detect a need: to incorporate the topic of plagiarism into the program of each subject. This will allow students to be aware that plagiarism has consequences that can affect their future. Enabling students not to resort to plagiarism is a strengthening strategy that also contributes to the cognitive process of students. Originality/Value: This study provides, in the first instance, the perception of plagiarism among undergraduate students and detects a heterogeneity in its meaning and consequences. We propose active, teacher-led empowerment to learn how to manage time, prioritize activities, and collaborate with peers to counteract this crime.

The Role of Technology in Promoting Collaborative Learning: Case Studies from Multicultural Classrooms

The objective of this research is to examine the potential of technology in facilitating collaborative learning in a multicultural classroom setting at SMP 11 Jakarta. Given the culturally diverse student backgrounds, this research is concerned with the ways in which technology can facilitate enhanced interaction and collaboration among students from different cultural backgrounds. This research employs a qualitative approach utilising a case study methodology to gain comprehensive insights into the experiences and perceptions of students and teachers regarding the utilisation of technology in collaborative learning. The data were gathered via in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and the examination of pertinent documents. The findings demonstrate that technology not only facilitates communication between students but also fosters a more inclusive and collaborative learning environment. However, there are certain challenges associated with the implementation of technology, particularly with regard to students' digital literacy and the disparity in technology infrastructure across different settings.

Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Mask Usability Scale: A Measure of the Perceived Usability of N95 Respirators Among Healthcare Students and Staff.

To test the reliability and construct validity of the Mask Usability Scale in healthcare students and staff. A methodological study involving repeated measures. The study included two batches of participants: (1) 283 university nursing students and (2) 1753 participants composed of students (61%) and clinical staff (39%). All participants underwent N95 respirator fit tests and user seal checks. They also responded to the Mask Usability Scale, which comprises 11 items evaluated using Likert scales. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation test. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The factor structure was initially identified through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), laying the groundwork for the model. This approach was followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to ensure the model fits with the standardised solution. Excluding items 9, 10 and 11, the study showed satisfactory internal consistency, evidenced by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.842 for the eight-item scale from the combined samples. Factors, such as 'Heat', 'Breathability', 'Tightness' and 'Ease in talking' showed moderate to strong correlations. The test-retest reliability in the batch one sample was acceptable with ICCs ranging between 0.69 and 0.71 for different models. The EFA and fit indices supported a two-factor structure. The first factor 'Comfort and Usage' included 'Heat', 'Breathability', 'Tightness', 'Ease in talking' and 'Prolonged use', which were keys for the usability of N95 respirators. The second factor 'Suitability' encompassed 'Itchy', 'Easily displaced' and 'Ear soreness'. The variance explained by the first and second factors was 49% and 12%, respectively, with a strong inter-factor correlation. The CFA results were satisfactory with fit metrics (NFI = 0.967, IFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.952, CFI = 0.969, RMSEA = 0.078 with 90% CI [0.069, 0.086] and p < 0.001) and a chi-squared to df ratio of 13.58. The eight-item mask usability scale exhibited satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity in both healthcare student and staff samples. The primary concern in the purchase policy of N95 respirators for clinical use is to strike the right balance between usability and fit rate (passing % of fit testing). Our study solidified the concept of quantifying the usability of respirators. With that mask usabilityscale measurement, a provision of benchmark and reference for the design and selection of respirators would be possible. This validated scale has significant implications for senior management in clinical settings and respirator manufacturers regarding the N95 respirator purchase policy and design. The results indicatedthe psychometric propertiesof mask usability scale in measuring the usability of N95 respirators. This scale is particularly valuable for assessing the perceptions of healthcare students and staff of factors, namely, 'Heat', 'Breathability', 'Tightness', 'Ease in talking', 'Prolonged use', 'Itchy', 'Easily displaced' and 'Ear soreness' concerning the use of N95 respirators. We adhered to EQUATOR guidelines following the STROBE statement. No patient or public contribution. ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN40115047.

TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE USE OF CHATGPT TO IMPROVE WRITING IN THE MALAYSIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL CONTEXT

The use of artificial intelligence in education has gained traction among teachers as well as students in recent years. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered language models such as ChatGPT have been widely used for various purposes, including to produce improved writing. This study sought to investigate the perceptions of secondary school students and English teachers in Malaysian public schools on the use of ChatGPT to enhance students’ English writing. Alongside that, this study also investigated how ChatGPT was used by both students and teachers and factors that influenced their use of ChatGPT. This study employed a qualitative research design. The participants in this study hail from six schools around Sabah: SMK Tansau, Penampang; SM St. Michael, Penampang; SMK Shan Tao, Kota Kinabalu; SMK Bongawan II; SMK Umas-Umas, Tawau; and SMK Desa Kencana, Lahad Datu. A total of 20 participants participated in this study. 12 of them were students, and the rest were English teachers. Data for this study was collected using an open-ended questionnaire designed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The data were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study showed that both students and teachers generally believe ChatGPT to be an effective tool to enhance students’ English writing proficiency. Among the features of ChatGPT that were lauded by the participants were its ability to provide personalized feedback and perform tasks that are useful for writing, such as proofreading and idea generation. Several challenges were also pointed out, such as difficulties using ChatGPT due to lack of resources and digital literacy. The participants also expressed their concern about the possibility of overdependency on ChatGPT, which can hamper the development of the students ability to write independently. The findings of this study contributed to the current knowledge of the perceptions of the use of ChatGPT among secondary school students and English teachers in Malaysian public secondary schools. This knowledge can guide educators and policymakers on matters related to the integration of AI into English writing instruction.

Proof of Concept of ChatGPT as a Virtual Tutor.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and perceived value of an instructor-developed ChatGPT-based virtual tutor for third year PharmD students in a pharmacy management course. The objectives were to assess faculty time required to develop the tool and to analyze student engagement and perception of its educational value. The virtual tutor was developed by the instructor and consisted of custom ChatGPT prompts deployed via the course's learning management system. Development metrics were documented, including time invested and iterations needed for prompt refinement. A post-use questionnaire evaluated student uptake and experience, which included frequency of use, perceived value for learning and exam preparation, and overall satisfaction. The development of the virtual tutor required a total of 119minutes, demonstrating a feasible time investment. Ninety-two of 130 students completed the questionnaire for a 70% response rate. Sixty-one students (66%) engaged with the tutor, with varying degrees of use. Most students (82%) reported increased confidence for exams, and 99% acknowledged enhanced understanding of the course material through the tutor. The virtual tutor proved to be a feasible educational tool with considerable student uptake and satisfaction. It offered a time-efficient alternative for educational support, potentially reducing the need for traditional face-to-face tutoring. The study highlights the effectiveness and practicality of ChatGPT as a virtual tutor in pharmacy education, but further research should explore its application across different content areas as well as potential unintended consequences.

University Students’ Views on the Challenges Faced by Students with Difficulties

Introduction: The pursuit of an inclusive university is rooted in the commitment to ensuring equal opportunities within the educational landscape. Over the years, the notion of “inclusion” has significantly evolved, becoming a central aspect of individual rights. This shift has led to the development of various models and guidelines to provide equitable treatment to all students. Objectives: This study aims to explore the perceptions of students regarding inclusive education at a university in the north of Spain. It seeks to understand the reasons behind these perceptions, providing insights into the effectiveness of the current inclusion strategies. Methods: We conducted an online survey distributed across various faculties at a university in the north of Spain, with participation from 519 students. The data collected from the survey were coded and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 28 to generate descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: The findings reveal that 2.5% of the students have experienced discrimination at some point, with 2.9% attributing such discrimination to their peers. Furthermore, 25% of the respondents acknowledged the presence of discrimination initiated by the university itself. Despite these challenges, a significant majority (88.8%) recognize the importance of inclusive education. However, 43.4% of the participants noted that the attitudes of some faculty members towards inclusion were suboptimal. Additionally, 82.9% of the respondents believe in the necessity of enhancing collaboration within the entire educational community to foster better inclusion. Discussion and Conclusions: Overall, the students view the university as inclusive but identify a gap in the awareness and training necessary for achieving true equality. These findings indicate a need for heightened visibility of resources and the provision of further training and workshops. Although the response rate to the survey was relatively low, further research might benefit from engaging a broader spectrum of student voices, especially those from non-normative or divergent backgrounds, to deepen the understanding of inclusivity at the university.

Religious culture and cigarette use: University students’ attitudes towards smoking based on their Islamic value

The current examines the influence of Islamic values on smoking behaviors among undergraduate students at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan (N: 334). Tobacco use, in religious and cultural terms, is viewed as abhorrent; it is a significant concern for this population group. The study intends to identify how Islamic values affect the perception of students on smoking and, consequently, their smoking behavior. A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data and the past 30 days of cigarette use. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, midpoint and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression, were used to analyze smoking behaviors, Islamic values, and demographic attributes. The study shows that Islamic values have a strong negative attitude towards smoking; students attributed smoking to religion, family and social expectations and perceptions, health and economic implications. Further, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cigarette use, hookah and e-cigarette, gender, and attitude towards Islamic values were suitable predictors for cigarette use. This study advances knowledge regarding smoking behaviors from the cultural-religious perspective. It highlights the importance of historically and culturally informed gender-sensitive prevention programs that address smoking-related beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Collaboration with the Ministry of Health and media outlets to integrate Islamic values into public health campaigns can reduce smoking among university students by aligning cultural and religious beliefs with health messaging.

Assessment and role of physical activity as a factor affecting subjective perception of students' satisfaction

The paper aims to provide analysis of Slovak university students’ physical activity during state-ordered distance learning in the academic year 2021/2022 (the COVID-19 pandemic). The data were obtained in form of a questionnaire survey. In the analytical part, the focus is on weekly time that students devoted to regular exercise and quantification of physical activity versus subjective perception of selected physical and psychological satisfaction and health indicators. To meet the paper’s objectives, a two-sample t-test was used to test statistical significance of differences between men and women, and parametric and non-parametric correlation analysis methods. In terms of age structure majority of students falls into young adults’ category, in which physical activity has only a small positive effect on the subjective perception of satisfaction. Majority of students exercised on average up to 50 minutes per week, which is less than weekly physical activity during regular face-to-face lessons of Physical Education.

Is Your Syllabus Trauma Informed?

Recognizing the limitations of existing trauma-informed education approaches, this research emphasized the need to address systemic issues and societal inequalities. The study documents a transformative process undertaken by the author in the Spring semester of 2023, involving a meticulous reevaluation and rewriting of course policies using Shevrin Venet's (2021) four proactive priority questions. The article explores student perceptions of the equity-centered trauma-informed education through surveys conducted at the beginning and end of the semester, revealing positive shifts in student attitudes towards the implementation of the four priorities. The findings suggest that a thoughtfully crafted and trauma-informed syllabus can contribute to a positive learning environment, emphasizing predictability, flexibility, empowerment, and connection. Through this inquiry, the article contributes to the ongoing discourse on bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical application in trauma-informed pedagogy within teacher education.