Perceptions Of Gender Equality Research Articles

Feminist Beliefs, Not Gender Equality Primes, Shape Self-Reported Partner Preferences

AbstractMen are reported to prioritise physical attractiveness in potential intimate partners, while women focus on the abilities of potential partners to provide resources. Yet previous research has suggested that these traditional gender differences vary according to national levels of gender equality. Here, we used priming material to manipulate participants’ perceptions of gender equality and examined the effects on self-reported partner preferences, and we also investigated the association between participants’ gender role attitudes and partner preferences. In Study 1 and 2 (n = 224 and 380), participants were presented with priming material that focused on either inequality between the genders in the present day (Inequality Condition) or recent improvements in gender equality (Equality Condition). Contrary to our predictions, the importance that participants placed on the physical traits and resource-gaining potential of partners did not differ between conditions in either study. However, on average, men placed greater emphasis on physical traits and preferred younger partners, and women placed greater emphasis on resource-gaining characteristics and preferred older partners, in line with previous research. In addition, men who reported more positive feminist attitudes placed less emphasis on physical traits, and women who reported more positive feminist attitudes placed greater emphasis on kindness, compared to same-gender participants who scored lower on feminist attitudes. This research suggests that self-reported partner preferences are related to an individual’s feminist attitudes and highlight the challenges of exploring these associations with forced-choice and experimental priming designs.

Factors Impacting Perceptions of Gender Inequality in the Spanish Society

This study uses Ordinary Least Squares Multiple Regression with data on perceptions regarding gender equality from the Spanish general population. Overall, the results indicate that perceptions of equal treatment under the law and equality in political life are significantly associated with perceptions of gender equality. However, perceptions of discrimination in education do not seem to affect perceptions of gender equality significantly. In addition, the results show a clear association between the belief that gender equality leads to a fairer society and the perception of gender equality itself. Results also suggest that while certain perceptions related to the law, society, and political life are instrumental in shaping views on gender inequality, there remains a foundational level of perceived inequality in Spanish society. As a concluding remark, when examining the impact of female representation in leadership positions, the results provide empirical support that the presence of women in leadership positions improves the perception of gender equity in the contexts in which it occurs; this fact reflects the importance of promoting the participation of women in management positions through public policies.

A look at the early childhood teacher education undergraduate curriculum: is it gender sensitive?

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate whether the Early Childhood Teacher Education Undergraduate Curriculum in Türkiye is gender sensitive. A document analysis method was used. Course contents were obtained from the Council of Higher Education, and the learning outcomes of the courses were accessed from the Early Childhood Teacher Education Undergraduate Program web page of a university. In the content and learning outcomes of the courses, the terms “gender (sex), men/women, social background, equality, children’s rights and democracy, cultural diversity, norm-normalisation, gender bias, sexism-homophobia, LGBTIQ+ were searched for gender sensitivity. We found that these terms are used in a limited way in the curriculum and are mostly included in the content of elective courses. The teacher education curriculum has limited content for pre-service teachers on gender equality. Adding new courses to the curriculum or improving the content of existing courses to support the perception of gender equality among teacher candidates is recommended.

PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP GENDER EQUALITY

Gender equality is one of the modern paradigms as an effort to create the concept of social justice for all individuals in various fields, including the realisation of the concept of justice for all students, both men and women on campus. Access to information, freedom and participation in every activity, supervision/control of existing policies and the benefits/impact of openness are 4 main indicators in realising gender equality. Perception is a process that occurs in an individual in terms of selecting, organising and translating suggestions, information, in order to form a pattern / picture that has meaning. This study aims to determine how students perceive gender equality. The research method used is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. Based on the analysis that has been done, the majority of respondents' perceptions of gender equality are in the good category, namely 208 people (76.7%) and 63 people (23.3%) in the moderate category and based on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents about gender equality, the majority are in the good category located in the information access indicator, namely 262 people (96.6%), then moderately located in the indicator of the benefits of openness, namely 20 people (7.4%). The results of this study are expected to improve students' perceptions and understanding and contribute to the formulation of policies related to gender equality in higher education. Key words: Perception, Student, Gender equality

Representasi Karakter Alpha Female Dalam Drama Korea Queenmaker

Korean dramas or (Drakor) have become a global phenomenon, gaining widespread popularity around the world. They are recognized not only as entertainment but also as complex reflections of social dynamics. The presence of Alpha Female characters in Drakor signifies support for gender equality and indicates societal shifts in views on women's roles in various aspects of life. This study aims to understand the representation of Alpha Female characters in the Korean drama Queenmaker hoping to gain new insights into societal perceptions of women beyond the domestic sphere. Using a qualitative approach and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis, the research found that Alpha Female characters exhibit leadership, confidence, and strength in facing challenges. From Peirce's perspective, these characters become important symbols that reinforce women's roles in fighting injustice and advocating for moral values. The findings underscore that Drakor is not just entertainment, but also a mirror of social realities that significantly influence perceptions of gender equality, expanding our understanding of women's roles in popular culture and the importance of gender equality in society.

Male Teachers’ Perceptions of Gender Equality in the Foundation Phase

ABSTRACT In South Africa, the recruitment and retention of men to teach in the foundation phase (Grade R-3) has gained national attention. In a patriarchal society such as South Africa, where such jobs are regarded as the purview of women, men’s perceptions of gender and gender equality in schools might explain their existence at this level of the education system. In this article, I am exploring male teachers’ perceptions of gender equality. The study used narrative inquiry and interview-conversations with 13 participants to generate data. I theorized the data using Connell’s work on masculinities as a framework. I found that the participants believe gender equality should be driven by clear policies to increase the number of men in the FP. Also, the findings suggest that men are constructing hybrid masculinities using the principles of gender equality to their benefit and to ascend to positions of leadership in the FP.

Gender Inclusivity in Law Enforcement: Impact of Gender-Responsive Policing in Region IV-A, CALABARZON

This study investigates the status of gender equality in law enforcement, gender consideration and discrimination, gender safety in transportation, and the extent of gender-responsive policing. Employing a quantitative research design, the study sourced data from 165 participants through purposive sampling, which was sanctioned by the Land Transportation Office in Region IV-A CALABARZON. Findings reveal a young to middle-aged participant profile, predominantly with higher education, suggesting a potentially elevated perspective on gender inclusivity informed by their educational experiences. High mean scores across gender inclusivity metrics indicate a positive perception of gender equality, particularly in terms of economic participation, opportunities, and law enforcement practices. However, certain areas have highlighted the need for further research, especially regarding discrimination in career advancement. This study underscores the significant role of GROs in enhancing perceptions of gender equality and safety. This emphasizes the importance of fostering a positive community reception toward gender-responsive policing initiatives contrary to the initial hypotheses. Demographic profiles, including age and training received, were not significantly correlated with perceptions of gender-responsive policing, directing attention to areas warranting further investigation.

Gender labor segregation in the care economy: needs research and solutions

The purpose of the research to determine the needs and workload of people who provide free care for their elderly relatives at home. Methodology – a mixed method was applied, which included an electronic individual questionnaire with open and closed questions among 201 residents of Kazakhstani urban and rural areas. Originality / value of the research - the first study in Kazakhstan aimed at identifying the needs and the time use of people engaged in unpaid care for their elderly relatives. Findings: A social and demographic portrait of a caregiver for an older adult at home was composed, the share of institutional, paid and unpaid care in households and the distribution of household workload between spouses were estimated, and the perception of gender equality in families was defi ned. The study showed that the basic needs of people caring for their older relatives at home included benefi ts and payments, services of a public social worker /compensation for care assistant services, a solid pension, an increase in the caregiver’s social status, free medicines and medical care. A shortage of institutional care services for older people in Kazakhstan has been identifi ed, and recommendations for developing a national care system have been proposed.

Perempuan dan Politik: Analisis Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Tayangan Film Barbie Tahun 2023 Dalam Perspektif Feminisme

In the era of globalization and rapid media development, films as a form of popular entertainment have a significant influence in shaping society's understanding of gender equality and feminism. This research aims to analyze gender equality in Barbie films from a feminist perspective, with a focus on Indonesia's young generation, towards gender equality for women in the family and public spaces. The film was chosen as the subject of study because it has the potential to shape the views of the younger generation regarding gender issues and the feminist movement in Indonesia. In line with this aim, this research has a qualitative approach, with an explanatory type of research through case studies. For data collection techniques through primary data and secondary data. Primary data through in-depth interviews, and secondary data through library research and document studies. The theories used are The Politics of Presence by Anne Phillips and The Media of Film by Triana Robbins, Peter Coogans, Bradford W. Wright, and Will Broker, and Tolstoy. The results of this research are to provide a better understanding of variations in public perceptions of gender equality in Barbie 2023, as well as how identity politics factors, including gender identity and patriarchal culture, influence these perceptions. These findings provide in-depth insight into the role of entertainment media in shaping the attitudes and political views of Indonesia's young generation towards gender equality with a focus on gender issues, as well as assisting policy makers in designing communication strategies that are more sensitive to gender equality. The patriarchal culture in the film Barbie 2023 is still a big obstacle to gender equality. The Barbie film helps highlight this issue and invites society to give equal rights to women.

Commmunity Perception of Gender Equality in Families in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency

Gender is a cultural interpretation and receives a lot of attention in society. One of the problems that occurs in the community in Lattekko Village, Bone Regency, this research is to determine community perceptions and forms of equality within the family by studying family systems theory through developing scales or indicators that reflect aspects of gender equality. Quantitative approach to data collection. The research results show that the level of public knowledge regarding gender equality is still very low. Of the total 40 respondents, only 9 (22.5%) respondents knew gender, while 31 (77.5%) respondents did not know. However, the level of gender equality between men and women does not result in differences in treatment, work, time, public participation in society and household duties. The level of knowledge of respondents regarding gender equality in Lattekko Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency, is still very low.

Promoting gender-inclusive leadership perceptions among Japanese university students: A nine-week critical inquiry-based action learning program

The present study investigates gender equality in Japanese university students’ leadership perception and examines the changes in their perspective through a nine-week action learning program at two private Japanese universities. A mixed-methods practical action research design was employed in four upper intermediate-level first-year Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classes (N = 107). First, quantitative content analysis was performed to determine how the students perceived the concepts of leadership and gender through the images and descriptions used in their PowerPoint presentation materials. Then, the study employed qualitative content analysis to determine the changes in the students’ perceptions of gender equality in leadership through the critical inquiry-based action learning experience. The results showed that integrating gender-inclusive leadership content into the CLIL courses was effective in helping the students develop an impartial and inclusive perspective of leadership and gender. Furthermore, the critical inquiry-based action learning experience enhanced the students’ motivation for language acquisition and engagement in the CLIL courses.

The Perception of Educators on Gender Equality: A Study in Ecuador

Gender equality is a prerequisite for people-centered human development. This exploratory and descriptive study was conducted to investigate the perception of gender among Ecuadorian primary school teachers. Quantitative data were obtained from teachers in public and urban educational establishments. In order to collect the data, an online survey-type opinion questionnaire was applied with the aim of finding out teachers’ perception of gender equality within their institutions in educational establishments in the Republic of Ecuador, considering the dimensions of personal perceptions of the subject, the organizational culture, and the implementation of gender equality in the internal management of the educational organizations where they work. The results of the questionnaire show that teachers perceive that there is currently more receptiveness to gender issues than in the past. From the answers received, it can be concluded that people identify with gender issues, even though there is a need for elements and support to enable them to be expressed effectively, on a daily basis and sustained over time.

How CEOs can Increase Public Engagement via Microblogs: The Role of CEO Gender and Content Orientation

AbstractIn the social media era, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are increasingly using microblogging sites to communicate with the public. Drawing on schema‐congruity theory and gender egalitarianism, we investigate how CEO gender and work–life content orientation interact to influence public engagement with CEOs on microblogs. Using China as our research setting, we conduct a content analysis of data collected from 63 high‐profile CEOs’ microblogs and four laboratory studies with some 2000 respondents. Our results show that for female CEOs, work‐related content leads to greater engagement than life‐related content; for male CEOs, the effect is reversed. We find that such outcomes are driven by the incongruity between stereotypical gender roles and content orientation, which enhances perceived novelty and audience interest, thus leading to greater engagement. This effect diminishes when the audience has a very high or very low perception of gender equality in their society; or when the audience supports male privilege values personally. Our research provides new theoretical insights for online leadership communication, public engagement and gender research. It also offers useful managerial guidance for executives to effectively leverage the capabilities of social media in engaging with the public.

You have to work more than men to succeed! Gender differences in workaholism among Italian academics

Over the last decades, Italian university reforms have put increased pressure on academics and researchers towards greater productivity and accountability. These changes have generated an ‘overtime culture', which is one of the main determinants of workaholism, over-commitment, and presenteeism among academics. The consequences of such changes are not gender-neutral: women – more often disadvantaged in academic careers than men – might be more affected by increased work pressure and more likely to work excessively to avoid career penalties. By using an original web-survey of about 1300 academics from four Italian universities, this article investigates gender differences in workaholic behaviours (i.e., working at night, on Sundays, etc.), and their link with the way researchers perceive the recruitment processes and gender disparities. The authors found that women are more workaholic than men, and this is explained by perceptions of gender equality in their working environment.

Achieving relationship satisfaction: household gender equality and mattering

This study delves into the dynamics of relationship satisfaction (RS) among married couples and its crucial significance for mental health and psychological well-being. Survey data encompassing variables such as the general mattering scale, gender inequality in Household Chores scale, kansas marital conflict scale, and relationship assessment scale were gathered from 128 married individuals aged 18 to 65 in urban areas of Malaysia and Indonesia. Participants furnished demographic information including age, gender, and marriage duration. The study variables were assessed through the scales mentioned earlier. The findings, derived from bootstrap analysis involving 5,000 samples at a 95% confidence interval, revealed that the extent of partners' involvement in household chores significantly predicted their perception of gender equality in domestic responsibilities. This perception, in turn, fostered an elevated sense of mattering, thereby contributing to heightened relationship satisfaction. Importantly, the general mattering scale served as a significant mediator in the relationship between partner's household involvement and relationship satisfaction. In summary, couples benefit from partners engaging in domestic chores, resulting in an enhanced sense of mutual significance, greater relationship satisfaction, and improved mental well-being. Marital conflict frequency and intensity did not emerge as significant factors in this relationship.

The Growing Gender Divide: Changing Perceptions of Gender Equality among the Youth in the United States

The Growing Gender Divide: Changing Perceptions of Gender Equality among the Youth in the United States

부부의 성별 평등 인식과 행복의 관계에서 가정생활 만족의 상호매개효과 검증

The purpose of this study was to examine the mutual mediating effect of satisfaction with family life in the relationship between a couple's perception of gender equality and happiness, using the couple as the unit of analysis and analyzing it by considering the actor and partner effects of each variable. Partner Interdepence Model extended to Mediation was applied. 3,190 people (1,595 couples) from the 21st year of the Korean National Happiness Survey conducted by the National Assembly Future Institute were used in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, in the relationship between the husband and wife's perception of gender equality, happiness, and satisfaction with family life, both husband and wife found that the perception of gender equality had a significant effect on satisfaction with family life in the actor effect, and that satisfaction with family life had a significant effect on happiness. It was confirmed that this was a factor. However, there was a gender difference between couples in the partner effect. For the wife, both perception of gender equality and satisfaction with family life had a significant impact on the husband's happiness, while for the husband, there was no significant partner effect. In the relationship between husband and wife's perception of gender equality and happiness, it was confirmed that the full mediating effect of family life satisfaction appeared for both husband and wife. Regarding the partner effect, the wife's perception of gender equality had a significant effect on the husband's happiness, but in the case of the husband, there was no statistically significant partner mediating effect.

How Organizational Responses to Sexual Harassment Claims Shape Public Perception

Sexual harassment remains pervasive in the workplace. Complementing past research examining the intra-organizational effects of sexual harassment, this paper investigates its extra-organizational consequences by considering reputational damage organizations can suffer from sexual harassment claims. Four experiments (NTotal = 1,534) show that even a single sexual harassment claim can damage public perception of gender equality of an organization, which reduces organizational attractiveness. However, an organizational response characterized by proactive consideration of the claimant (compared to no mention of sexual harassment, mention of sexual harassment with no response, or a minimizing response to a sexual harassment claim) fully restores, and sometimes even increases, public perceptions of the organization’s commitment to due process and gender equality. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Nurturing Empowering Perceptions: Exploring High School Girls' Perspectives on Gender Equity in Formal Educational Context and Factors Beyond

The primary objective of this article is to conduct an in-depth analysis of multiple factors-cultural, religious, and educational—that shape the perceptions of gender equality among female high school students. Focusing specifically on this demographic sample enables a nuanced exploration into how adolescence interacts with these factors to influence their perspectives on gender roles and expectations. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, going beyond the traditional educational paradigms, to include a variety of external influences such as familial backgrounds, religious texts, sociocultural norms, and the overall school environment. The research aims to contribute to the scholarly discourse on gender equality by enriching our understanding of how societal attitudes permeate classroom walls to shape young girls' viewpoints. By doing so, this study aspires to unearth the implicit and explicit messages received by female students that sustain gender imbalances. This serves the dual purpose of not only highlighting these influencing variables but also leveraging this knowledge to develop targeted interventions. The ultimate goal of this research is to formulate insightful strategies that promote a more equitable and empowering perception of girls and, by extension, women in society. These strategies will be rooted in the findings, which delineate the complex relationship between culture, religion, and education in shaping these perspectives. Thus, the research provides practical insights that could serve as foundational elements for fostering a more inclusive and empowering socio-educational environment for female students and women in the future.

Student’s perception of gender equality, stereotypes, and women in sports

The Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic from May 5, 2021, as well as all previous ones, enshrined the equality of rights and freedoms of men and women. Moreover, Kyrgyzstan had real experience of gender equality during the USSR. However, the positive experience of the past and the constitutional and legal consolidation of gender equality today cannot solve the problem of discrimination against women’s rights in society and the family. The government’s loyalty to the active dissemination of Islamic values, low GDP, and unemployment have led to an increase in domestic violence against women. More than 10 thousand women annually turn to crisis centers, because of domestic violence, polygamy, bride kidnapping, and underage marriage. Involving women in sports could significantly increase women’s self-confidence and improve their physical and therefore mental health. If the feminization of sports is happening all over the world, then in Kyrgyzstan patriarchal values with corresponding gender stereotypes put a woman before an existential choice - family or career, family or sport. The study is aimed at finding out what students think about gender equality in its socio-political, economic, and cultural aspects.