Perception Of Appropriateness Research Articles

Análisis de las interrupciones generadas por el uso de los smartphones entre los profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria

ObjectiveTo analyze the particular use of smartphones among Primary Care Health professionals during the care act and its consequences. DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional study in a primary care setting, carried out in 3phases: survey of professionals, checklist of professionals and survey of patients. ParticipantsPrimary Care Health professionals from the Territorial Primary Care Management of Barcelona (online survey) and health professionals (checklist) and patients (patient survey) from 2primary care teams in Barcelona city. Main measurementsBivariate descriptive analysis of the variables from the different surveys. Use of the mobile phone in the consultation, time, reason, type of use and perception of appropriateness. Characteristics of interruptions. ResultsIn relation to patients, 31% consider that the health professional should only consult the mobile phone if it is to resolve some aspect of their reason for consultation and 10% consider it a lack of respect. Eighteen percent of patients describe interruptions, the majority lasting between 10 and 30s and considering them mostly avoidable. In relation to professionals, the majority (96%) claim to have their mobile phone in the consultation and on mute (77%), with only 2% recognizing its use in the presence of the patient, which is in line with what the patients describe. Furthermore, 80% of professionals say they ask permission to use it, contrasting with what patients report (50%). Eighty-five percent of professionals consider its use appropriate. ConclusionsThe use of mobile phones is perceived by patients as an interruption that can affect the care act, generating dissatisfaction, which must be taken into account by health professionals. Healthcare organizations should establish recommendations regarding the use of mobile phones in consultations.

Open-Ended Emotive Projection Test: A Nondeterministic Method for Understanding Consumers’ Emotional Reactions to Innovative Food Processing Technologies

The objective of this study was to reveal the efficiency of Open-Ended Emotive Projection Tests (OEEPTs) and Open-Ended Questions (OEQs) in understanding consumers’ reactions to products processed with innovative food processing technologies (IPTs) and the influence of such communication on consumer attitudes, perception of appropriateness and willingness to perform different behaviors. A representative sample of 1206 Norwegian participants were organized in six experimental groups and responded to OEEPTs, an Emotive Projection Test (EPT), OEQs and survey questions. OEEPTs and EPTs showed no significant differences in consumers’ responses between experimental conditions. OEQs indicated that the information on food processed as usual was preferred, while responses to food processed using IPT were not influenced by information about its benefits. This result was confirmed by willingness to try, buy and eat the same products. The main managerial implication is that communicating about benefits should be prioritized over information about IPTs.

The effects of aural and visual factors on appropriateness ratings of residential spaces in an urban city.

This study investigates the aural and visual factors that influence appropriateness perception in soundscape evaluations in residential spaces, where people may spend most of their time in. Appropriateness in soundscape is derived from the expectation of sound sources in a specific environment, place or function heard by a listener. Appropriateness of soundscapes in 30 locations in an urban residential environment is investigated with varying landscape, visual and aural elements through a questionnaire. Participants experienced the soundscape in-situ and were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of soundscape as well as the dominance of specific sound sources such as traffic, human activities and birdsongs in the residential space. The effect of type of traffic on appropriateness is also investigated. A strong relationship is found between appropriateness and affective soundscape qualities such as pleasantness, highlighting the importance of considering appropriateness in soundscape research. In audio-visual combination of specific elements and the partial correlation with appropriateness, specific aural sound sources are found to correlate uniquely to appropriateness while controlling for relevant visual elements, whereas visual elements became redundant in its partial correlation to appropriateness. Residents' perception of appropriateness is found to likely be more dependent on the individual visual elements rather than the overall landscape. This study investigates the factors that influences appropriateness perceptual in soundscape evaluations in residential spaces, where people may spend most of their time in. Appropriateness in soundscape is derived from the expectation of sound sources in a specific environment, place or function and heard by a listener. The appropriateness of soundscapes of 30 locations in an urban residential environment is investigated with varying visual (greenery, building, waterbody) and aural elements through a questionnaire approach. Participants experienced the soundscape in-situ and were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of soundscape as well as the dominance of specific sound sources such as traffic, human activities and birdsongs in a residential space. The type of traffic is also investigated to explore the effect of traffic load on appropriateness.

Legitimacy Revisited: Disentangling Propriety, Validity, and Consensus

AbstractRecent research has conceptualized legitimacy as a multi‐level phenomenon comprising propriety and validity. Propriety refers to an individual evaluator’s belief that a legitimacy object is appropriate for its social context, whereas validity denotes an institutionalized, collective‐level perception of appropriateness. In this article, we refine this multi‐level understanding of legitimacy by adding a third, meso‐level construct of ‘consensus’, which we define as the agreement between evaluators’ propriety beliefs. Importantly, validity and consensus are distinct and can be incongruent, given that an institutionalized perception can hide underlying disagreement. Disentangling validity from consensus is a crucial extension of the multi‐level theory of legitimacy, because it enables an improved understanding of the legitimacy processes that precede sudden and unanticipated institutional change. In particular, while previous works considered revised propriety beliefs as the starting point for institutional change, our account emphasizes that the disclosure of the actual (vs. merely assumed) belief distribution within a social context may instigate institutional change. To study the interplay of propriety, validity, and consensus empirically, we propose a set of experimental designs specifically geared towards improving knowledge of the role of legitimacy and its components in institutional change.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults Over 80: Outcome and the Perception of Appropriateness by Clinicians.

To determine the prevalence of clinician perception of inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) regarding the last out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) encountered in an adult 80 years or older and its relationship to patient outcome. Subanalysis of an international multicenter cross-sectional survey (REAPPROPRIATE). Out-of-hospital CPR attempts registered in Europe, Israel, Japan, and the United States in adults 80 years or older. A total of 611 clinicians of whom 176 (28.8%) were doctors, 123 (20.1%) were nurses, and 312 (51.1%) were emergency medical technicians/paramedics. The last CPR attempt among patients 80 years or older was perceived as appropriate by 320 (52.4%) of the clinicians; 178 (29.1%) were uncertain about the appropriateness, and 113 (18.5%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the "appropriate" subgroup was 8 of 265 (3.0%), 1 of 164 (.6%) in the "uncertain" subgroup, and 2 of 107 (1.9%) in the "inappropriate" subgroup (P = .23); 503 of 564 (89.2%) CPR attempts involved non-shockable rhythms. CPR attempts in nursing homes accounted for 124 of 590 (21.0%) of the patients and were perceived as appropriate by 44 (35.5%) of the clinicians; 45 (36.3%) were uncertain about the appropriateness; and 35 (28.2%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the nursing home patients was 0 of 107 (0%); 104 of 111 (93.7%) CPR attempts involved non-shockable rhythms. Overall, 36 of 543 (6.6%) CPR attempts were undertaken despite a known written do not attempt resuscitation decision; 14 of 36 (38.9%) clinicians considered this appropriate, 9 of 36 (25.0%) were uncertain about its appropriateness, and 13 of 36 (36.1%) considered this inappropriate. Our findings show that despite generally poor outcomes for older patients undergoing CPR, many emergency clinicians do not consider these attempts at resuscitation to be inappropriate. A professional and societal debate is urgently needed to ensure that first we do not harm older patients by futile CPR attempts. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:39-45, 2019.

‘When Counting Counts’ – Europeanisation of Census-Taking in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

In 2000, the European Union (EU) extended the membership perspective to the Western Balkans; however these countries have taken different political paths towards EU accession at different speeds. The population census is one of the conditions for EU accession and part of the eighteenth acquis chapter on statistics. This article seeks to explain the variation in census-taking in the 2010 census round in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia considering two Europeanisation mechanisms: (a) the conditionality and (b) the legitimacy of the EU regulations in the area of census-taking. While conditionality assesses the cost-benefit calculation between the EU rewards/pressure and domestic adoption costs, legitimacy analyses whether the EU census regulations will be accepted based on their perception of appropriateness. Congruence analysis will be used to compare the effectiveness of the Europeanisation mechanisms on the censuses in the countries under investigation. The study concludes that in Croatia legitimacy had the most impact, whereas the cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia can be better explained by conditionality. Therewith this study contributes to the recent findings that conditionality as well as legitimacy matter for research on Europeanisation.

COMPLIMENT RESPONSE PATTERNS BETWEEN PERSIAN MALE AND FEMALE ENGLISH AND NON-ENGLISH TEACHERS

The present study aimed to investigate both the compliment response (CR) patterns between male and female English and non-English teachers and the eff ect of exposure to English on produced CRs. The study was conducted on 50 male and female English and 50 male and female non-English teachers. The teachers were chosen through nonrandomized sampling. Participants were asked to respond to a discourse completion test (DCT) which comprised eight complimenting situations. In order to investigate the eff ect of exposure to English on CR strategies, CRs produced by males and females in both groups were compared. The results revealed that at macro level, there were diff erences between females and males in the applied strategies in both groups. Regarding the eff ect of exposure on CRs and CR behavior, it was found that exposure to English infl uenced CR patterns and strategies. It was concluded that diff erent CR patterns implied cognitive diff erence between genders and their perception of appropriateness. CR behavior shift implied the occurrence of acculturation in CR patterns and strategies.

CHILDREN'S PERCEPTIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR ADULTS: APPROPRIATENESS AND COMPETENCY

683 Currently, the population of persons over the age of 65 is 31 million representing 12% of the U.S. population. Only about 30% of these older adults perform regular moderate physical activity. With the benefits of regular physical activity so widespread, why aren't more older adults exercising? One reason may be the stereotypes and perceptions of older adults held by younger persons. The purpose of this study was to determine if children's perceptions of appropriateness and competency of physical activity for adults are affected by age, gender and type of physical activity in which the adults participate. Seventy children in third, fourth and fifth grade with a mean age of 9.5 years participated in this study. A questionnaire in conjunction with eighteen fullbody action photographs of young, middle aged, and old female and male models participating in three different physical activities (running, tennis and weightlifting) were used to assess the children's perceptions of appropriateness and competency level. Three, one way ANOVAs, with multiple paired t-tests when significance occurred, were completed to determine whether appropriateness was affected by age, gender or type of activity. Age (F=61.7, df=69, p=.000), gender (F=24.2, df=69, p=.000) and type of activity (F=25.9, df=69, p=.000) all significantly affected the children's perception of appropriateness. The effects of age, gender and activity of the models on the subjects' perceived competence were determined using a 3 x 2 x 3 (age x gender x type of activity) ANOVA with repeated measures. The 3 x 2 x 3 interaction was significant (F=6.79, df=69, p=.000), indicating that age affected perceived competence while gender and type of activity had little effect. These results indicate that age is a major factor affecting children's perceptions of both appropriateness and competency of adults engaged in physical activity.

Variables Affecting the Perception of Self-Disclosure Appropriateness

Summary The perception of appropriate self-disclosure was examined as a function of sex of the interactants, intimacy, and valence of self-disclosure. Dependent variables investigated in addition to perceived appropriateness were perceived friendliness, maturity, warmth, psychological adjustment, openness, emotional stability, and sensitivity of the discloser; and mutual liking of, and desire for future contact with, the discloser. Normative evaluations of male or female confederate disclosure where intimacy level and valence had been experimentally manipulated, were provided by 64 male and 64 female volunteer undergraduate Ss, who were randomly assigned to the 16 cells of a 2(sex of discloser/confederate) × 2(sex of recipient/subject) × 2(intimacy) × 2(valence) factorial design. Interpersonal evaluations of the discloser occurred in the context of a structured acquaintance session. Female recipients were more receptive to disclosure thus viewing it as appropriate. Positive disclosure in contrast to negat...