Aesthetic Perception Research Articles

Aesthetic evaluation of body movements shaped by embodied and arts experience: Insights from behaviour and fNIRS

Aesthetic appreciation of full-body movements is likely shaped by our cumulative bodily experiences, yet most of the extant literature in this domain has focused on expertise and familiarity. We ran two experiments exploring individual differences in embodied experience and experience with the arts: In Study 1, we explored how participants’ (n = 41) abilities to learn a choreography shaped their aesthetic perceptions while viewing learned vs. unknown movements, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cortical activation over the Action Observation Network (i.e., inferior frontal gyrus [IFG], inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus [MTG]). Study 1 demonstrated that embodied experience enhanced ratings of enjoyment, familiarity, and reproducibility of movements, and that individual differences in participants’ performance of the learned choreography were not associated with aesthetic ratings, but rather cortical activation in IFG and right MTG while viewing learned choreography. In Study 2, we combined the behavioural data from Study 1 with data from additional participants (total n = 141) to examine the relationship between arts experience and aesthetic perceptions of movements robustly. Study 2 revealed that previous arts and sports experience correlated with aesthetic judgements of familiarity and reproducibility of movements. Our findings highlight the relevance of examining individual experiences to fill theoretical gaps in our understanding of action aesthetics.

Validation of a New Questionnaire for Assessing the Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics (PIGAQ).

While the importance of gingival aesthetics is increasingly recognized, a questionnaire quantifying its psychosocial impact is still lacking. We have adapted the validated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) for the gingival context. This study's aim was to develop a new Psychosocial Impact of Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ) and test its validity for the general population in Spain, exploring the underlying dimensions of the construct assessed. The PIDAQ was adapted to address gingival aesthetics. PIGAQ (23 items) was completed by 200 patients aged from 18 to 85 years, and socio-demographic variables were recorded. The four-dimensional structure of the PIDAQ was respected, adapting the subscales to focus on the gingiva. Descriptive analysis, assessments of reliability and validity and an exploratory factor analysis were performed. The revised PIGAQ (now containing 20 items) has a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88 with four underlying factors explaining 61.5% of the total variance. Three items (SI-1, PI-2 and PI-5) were eliminated because of unacceptable fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales are as follows: Gingival Self-Confidence, 0.85; Social Impact, 0.84; Psychological Impact, 0.79; and Aesthetic Concern, 0.76. PIGAQ is a reliable and potentially valid instrument for assessing psychosocial perceptions of gingival aesthetics. The scale was shown to have a satisfactory factor structure and level of internal consistency.

Differentiated Impacts of Indoor and Outdoor Fitness Environments on Residents’ Activity Intensity: A Perspective on Homo Urbanicus

This study develops a framework for the impact mechanism based on the “homo urbanicus” theoretical perspective, linking indoor and outdoor fitness environmental elements to residents’ subjective perceptions and their activity intensity. An empirical investigation is conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) with data from 286 valid questionnaires (N = 421). The results demonstrate that both indoor and outdoor fitness environmental elements—specifically spatial, facility, and environmental factors—significantly positively influence residents’ fitness activity intensity, with this relationship mediated by perceptions of safety, convenience, comfort, and aesthetics. Furthermore, the study uncovers variations in the types and degrees of influence across indoor and outdoor settings. Based on these findings, the author proposes several planning and design strategies: “In indoor environments, it is essential to ensure that fitness spaces feature bright lighting and thoughtful design to enhance aesthetic appeal; additionally, optimizing spatial layouts and integrating information services can foster greater social interaction. For outdoor environments, prioritizing locations near aesthetically pleasing architecture, adjacent to blue landscapes, and within open areas, as well as sites that are close to community amenities and abundant surrounding facilities, will enhance residents’ fitness activity intensity”.

Role of canine vertical position and gingival zenith level on smile aesthetics and qualitative evaluation of perception by orthodontists, general dentists and laypersons: A descriptive cross-sectional study

: Our objectives were to verify the impact of alterations in the vertical position of the maxillary canines in smile aesthetic perceptions and to determine whether exposure of the gingival margins directly affects laypersons' and orthodontists' perceptions.: To evaluate the impact of vertical position and gingival zenith level of maxillary canine on smile esthetics as judged by orthodontists, general dentist and laypersons: This is a qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at studying the role of vertical position and gingival zenith level on the smile esthetic perception. A smiling photograph of a male subject with and without exposing the gingival zeniths was selected, and vertical positions and gingival zenith levels of canine were symmetrically modified in increments of 0.5 mm, creating two sets of 4 new modified images varying from 1.0 mm of intrusion to 1.0 mm of extrusion and 1.0 mm of increasing and decreasing the height with gingival exposure. The total of 15 images were evaluated by 40 orthodontists, 40 general dentists and 40 laypersons, who determined the level of attractiveness of each smile on a visual analog scale.: Both smile arc ( <0.05) and gingival display amount ( <0.001) had statistically significant influences on the perception of smile attractiveness. Smile attractiveness scores with reference to gingival display amount showed a statistically significant ( <0.001) difference between the rater groups. A significant ( <0.05) interaction between smile arc and gingival display amount was observed. No significant difference were noted with standard smiles and intrusion smiles. Also, with 0.5mm extrusion and intrusion images in low smile. The intra-evaluator groups showed no significant difference between intrusion and extrusion high as well as low smile images, (value<0.05 for all). significant difference was seen in extrusion and intrusion high smile at 0.5mm and low smile images at 1mm level, extrusion and intrusion low smile images at 0.5mm level, (value>0.05 for all), significantly higher intrusion and extrusion high smile images at 0.5mm level, (-value<0.05 for all). extrusion and intrusion high as well as low smile images at 1mm and 0.5mm levels, (-value<0.05 for all).: Orthodontists were more critical in their assessments. There were no differences in the esthetic evaluations of smiles with and without gingival margin exposure for both groups of evaluators. For all the three evaluator groups, the most attractive ones were the standard smile and smile with the intrusion of 0.5 in high smile, standard and extrusion of 0.5 mm in the low smile group 0.5 mm of increased gingival zenith level (GZL) as perceived by orthodontists and general dentists, while for laypeople it was the standard smile. The unattractive smiles have extrusion and intrusion of 1mm for all the three evaluator groups 1 mm followed of decreased GZL of canine, for orthodontists and general dentist with 1mm increased. Laypeople, orthodontists scored all the images more critically by giving lesser scores compared to the general dentists and laypeople.

Functionality and Scar Evaluation of the Donor Site in Extended Radial Forearm Flap Phalloplasty: How Affected Is the Arm in Day-to-Day Life?

Background: The radial forearm flap remains the gold standard in phalloplasty in gender-affirming surgery due to its versatility and functional outcome, but the significant donor site morbidity and its impact on daily functioning and aesthetic perception remains understudied. This study provides valuable insights into the mid-term functional and aesthetic outcomes of the forearm in transgender individuals following radial forearm flap phalloplasty using widespread instruments for assessment scoring systems and for the evaluation of postoperative wound healing of surgical interventions in general. Methods: Between January 2013 and March 2018, a total of 47 patients underwent radial phalloplasty at AGAPLESION Markus Hospital, and 20 consented to participate in this cross-sectional, retrospective study evaluating functional and aesthetic outcomes post-radial forearm flap phalloplasty using standardized questionnaires (DASH, POSAS, and SBSES). A univariate median regression of each score was performed to determine the associations with selected variables, and correlation analyses between scores was performed using a nonparametric Spearman rank correlation. Results: Among the 20 participants, the median Quick DASH, DASH functionality, DASH sport and music, and DASH work scores indicated minimal to no functional impairment. Scar evaluations using the PSAS, OSAS, and SBSES scales showed overall patient satisfaction with minimal concerns regarding pigmentation and scar texture. Notably, an increase of 0.27 cm2 in wound surface area added one point to the DASH sport and music score (p = 0.037). Statistical analysis also demonstrated a significant correlation between functional and aesthetic assessment scores. Conclusions: The radial forearm phalloplasty donor site, evaluated by the PSAS, OSAS, and SBSES scales, leads to minimal or no functional impairment; however, the worsening of the DASH sport and music score with increasing wound surface reflects a direct relation between wound size and functional impairment.

Dental Rate and Aesthetic Perception in the Turkish Population

Dental Rate and Aesthetic Perception in the Turkish Population

Esthetic preferences of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons for Indian facial profiles: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Disparity in the esthetic perceptions between a patient and clinician could result in patient dissatisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the perceptions of a group of orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons about the attractiveness of Indian facial profiles. Methods: In this study, a male and a female participants' photographs and lateral cephalograms were digitally manipulated by inserting them into Dolphin software; we considered four soft tissue parameters at a nasolabial angle, upper lip E-line, lower lip E-line, and pg-pg', so that 20 profiles were created for each model. A visual analog scale (VAS) along with a question about surgical correction opinion was given to 18 orthodontists, 18 general dentists, and 18 laypersons to score (1-5) from least to most attractive. Spearman's rank correlation was computed to assess correlation, as well as ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey analysis to compare the mean scores, and Chi-square test to determine the opinion about surgical treatment. Results: There was an overall weak and negative correlation between the three groups, indicating that orthodontists attributed lower pleasantness scores to almost all the altered female and male facial profiles. Additionally, statistically significantly lower mean scores were attributed by orthodontists to many females and few male facial profiles. More orthodontists identified the need for surgical correction for a few severely distorted profiles but there was a statistically non-significant difference among the groups for most of the profiles. Conclusions: It was concluded that participants in the three groups had diverse concepts of facial attractiveness in all the parameters considered. Compared to general dentists and laypersons, orthodontists were much more precise, firmer, and meticulous in identifying a favorable or good-looking profile.

Aesthetic Perception in Modem Turkish Poetry: Groups, Communities and Movements 1850-1923

Aesthetic Perception in Modem Turkish Poetry: Groups, Communities and Movements 1850-1923

The Fold as a Design Strategy: Analogy between Architecture and Issey Miyake’s Work

There is a notable similarity between the objectives of Architecture and Fashion Design. Both disciplines aim to protect and establish a sense of identity for their users. Similarly, analogous design strategies may be employed. One such strategy is the fold. The act of folding a surface results in the formation of a three-dimensional volume. The intrinsic two-dimensionality of the surface gives rise to the formation of space, which is characterised by three dimensions. The air that is trapped by the envelope provides the necessary space for the users. In the context of clothing, the enclosed space is relatively limited and personal. In contrast, in the field of Architecture, the space is of a larger scale and serves a collective purpose, accommodating a variety of activities. Consequently, the processes of designing a building or a piece of clothing are analogous, differing only in terms of scale, time, and materials. The employment of the fold as a point of departure for architectural and Fashion Design projects entails a comparable design process in which concepts such as continuity, superposition, and faceting are associated with this folded mechanism. Consequently, the resulting outcomes, particularly those pertaining to mass and aesthetic perception, exhibit notable similarities.

Psychological evaluation of self-esteem among individuals before and after orthodontic treatment

: Facial esthetics plays a pivotal role in orthodontics. Orthodontics can alter a patient’s appearance. Various factors related to malocclusion have strong influences on perceptions of facial esthetics: The aim of the study is to assess the self-esteem of patients before and after orthodontic treatment.: A questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple choice questions were given to 33 patients with moderate to severe malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment and the subjects had to mark “strongly agree”, ”agree”, ”disagree”, strongly disagree” aged 19-25 years and statistical analysis(Chi-square test) was carried out.: The results of the study showed improved self-esteem.: Mal-alignment is contemplated not as a dental issue, but is also related to healthy living. The self-esteem of the patients was significantly improved after orthodontic treatment because a smile plays an important part in facial expressions.

Perception of dental appearance and aesthetic analysis among patients, laypersons and dentists.

Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective, influenced by the viewpoints of others. The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients, laypersons and dental practitioners. The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age, sex, education and dental specialty on the participants' judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria. Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire (DAQ). Two frontal photographs were taken, one during a smile and one with retracted lips. Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from (0-10), where 0 represent (absolutely unaesthetic) and 10 represent (absolutely aesthetic). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test analysis were measured for each group. Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance. Among laypersons (including 488 participants), 47 pictures "with lips" out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures "without lips". Among the dentist sample, 90 dentists' perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos "with lips" and "without lips" were the same for 23 out of 50 patients. Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients, laypersons and dentists. Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic. To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients, laypersons, and professional dentists, to evaluate the impact of age, sex, educational background, and income on the judgments made by laypersons, to assess the variations in experience, specialty, age, and sex on professional dentists' judgment, and to evaluate the role of lips, skin shade and tooth shade in different participants' judgments. Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ. Two frontal photographs were taken: one during a smile and one with retracted lips. Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from (0-10), where 0 represent (absolutely unaesthetic) and 10 represent (absolutely aesthetic). One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group. Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance. Among laypersons (including 488 participants), 47 pictures "with lips" out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures "without lips". Whereas among the dentist sample, 90 dentists' perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos "with lips" and "without lips" were the same for 23 out of 50 patients. Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients, laypersons and dentists. Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.

A comparative study to evaluate the influence of the incisal inclinations of maxillary central incisors in gujarati men and women on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and lay persons

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of different incisal inclinations of the maxillary central incisors in an analysis of full face and close up views of the smile on the perception of smile esthetic in Gujarati men and women between orthodontists, general dentists and laypersons. Frontal smile and Lateral profile photographs were digitally altered at full-face view and close-up view of adult men and women aged 15-30 years were used. The patient wase made to sit with a natural head position. Six incisal labial and lingual inclinations of the central incisors were simulated with changes of 5 degree. Alterations in the labially inclined direction were labeled as positive and those in the palatally inclined direction were labeled as negative. The positions were denominated as follows: 5 ͦ, 10 ͦ, 15 ͦ, ‐5 ͦ, ‐10 ͦ and –15 ͦ, according to incisal inclination changes of the central incisors. To simulate the different incisal inclinations adobe Photoshop CS 8.0 was used. The top limit of the full-face image was a region little above the top of the head and the bottom limit was the base of the neck. The images were randomly assembled in an album that were presented to 40 orthodontists, 40 general dentists and 40 laypersons who evaluated the attractiveness of the images by using Visual Analogue Scale. 10was found to be most attractive incisal inclination.

Aesthetic Perception in Kurdish Theatrical Performance - A Case Study of the Play (The Continuous Story)

Aesthetic Perception in Kurdish Theatrical Performance - A Case Study of the Play (The Continuous Story)

Development of Aesthetic Perception in 4-8-Year-Old Children Using the Method of Observing Artworks

In the research on cultural education activities in European countries (2021), questions are raised about whether digital development and improved children’s access to cultural resources inherently contribute to a more successful development of children’s aesthetic perception. International studies on children’s aesthetic education (Savva, Acer, Beck, Kim, Denac, Bergman, Yi-Huang Shih Ching, etc.) highlight children’s participation in observing works of art as a condition for promoting children’s aesthetic perception. However, attention is drawn to the insufficient art competencies of early childhood educators in the context of exploring works of art. This article aims to demonstrate that the method of observing works of art can be an effective means of fostering children‘s aesthetic perception, provided that educators seek to acquire sufficient knowledge and competencies for the application of the art observation method. For this purpose, a literature analysis method was chosen for the study: based on insights provided by foreign and Lithuanian researchers, the article presents the structure of the art observation/research method, distinguishing visual and aesthetic components of the artwork. It also introduces recommended artists from foreign studies, identifies the most effective ways and forms of presenting artworks for the development of children’s aesthetic perception, and reviews the contexts and practices of applying the art observation method in international studies for children aged 4–8.

Esthetic comparison of two composites used for Invisalign's attachments bonding.

Esthetics is a factor of great importance for most patients undergoing treatment with Invisalign® aligners. When choosing a resin composite for the bonding of attachments required for the treatment, ideal characteristics such as low visibility and stain resistance of the material are essential to increase the overall perceived esthetics of the treatment. The objective of this article was to evaluate the esthetics of two resin composites used for attachment reproduction: the Transbond XT® from 3M® and the Tetric EvoCeram® from Ivoclar Vivadent®. An analytic, observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was done. Attachments were bonded on 51 patients, and a dental survey about esthetics was given 3 months after the bonding of attachments. The Student's t-test and 1-factor ANOVA tests were used, when the variables were normal, and the nonparametric alternative of the tests was used when they were not distributed normally. The results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences (p>.05) in the esthetic perception of attachments according to the type of composite used. Even if some differences are observed between the resins, both Transbond XT® and Tetric EvoCeram® can be considered for attachments bonding from an esthetical point of view. Key words:Clear aligner therapy/Dental bonding/Orthodontic appliance/Dental Esthetics.

A. Eckardt’s Aesthetic Perception of Korea during Japanese Colonial Era and the Communicative Meaning of Modern Culture

A. Eckardt’s Aesthetic Perception of Korea during Japanese Colonial Era and the Communicative Meaning of Modern Culture

Aesthetic Tradition and Cultural Temperament

British and American literature is one of the bright gems in the history of world literature, which has formed a unique literature after many times of historical evolution and integration of national culture. This paper makes an in-depth study of the historical development of Britain and the United States, starting from the three dimensions of "aesthetic tradition", "cultural temperament" and "translation of British and American literature", and discussing from two aspects of literary criticism and aesthetic perception. It is helpful to understand the unique cultural connotation and temperament of British and American culture, so as to better understand the cultural connotation of British and American classics and improve the translation quality of British and America literary works.

Impact of long contact areas for the management of varying levels of interdental papilla loss on the perception of smile esthetics between dentists and laypersons in asymmetric and symmetric situations.

To determine the effect of restorations with long contact areas for the management of interdental papilla deficiencies, in smile attractiveness among laypersons and dentists. A full-portrait image was used to create a set of digitally modified images, simulating the management of various levels of interdental papilla loss. In a total of 48 modified images, single as well as multiple loss of interdental papilla among the anterior teeth, treated with a single or multiple restorations were simulated for unilateral and bilateral situations. Through a digital monitor 160 laypeople and dentists were asked to assess the attractiveness of each displayed image utilizing a visual-analog-scale. Multiple Wilcoxon-signed-rank tests followed by Mann-Whitney U tests were performed considering a significance level of 0.05. The management of an open gingival embrasure due to interdental papilla loss, by simulating the restoration of both central incisors led to a significantly higher mean smile attractiveness compared to the restoration of a single central incisor. Among the investigated regions, the management of open gingival embrasure in the area of central incisors using a restorative approach was perceived as the least esthetic (p<0.05). Despite the restorative management of interdental papilla loss, with the establishment of longer contact areas for the reduction of open gingival embrasures, as the level of the interdental papilla loss is increased, facial esthetics are compromised. When a longer contact area is accomplished through a single restoration, asymmetry among the teeth can be induced, especially in the region of the central incisors.

Eye-Tracking Insights into the Perception of Buttocks.

Aesthetic enhancements to the buttock region have grown in demand due to media influence and evolving beauty standards. Using eye-tracking technology, we sought to uncover subconscious visual preferences regarding the buttock aesthetic. The objective of this investigation was to assess visual gaze patterns in assessing female buttocks among Caucasian and Asians through eye-tracking technology. 67 participants viewed photographs of buttocks from various angles, and eye movements were analyzed using the Tobii Pro Nano eye-tracker. Males fixated on the intergluteal cleft for 0.96 ± 1.1s and the thigh gap for 0.07 ± 0.2s; while, females fixated for 0.81 ± 0.9s and 0.06 ± 0.2s on the same regions, respectively. Significant gender differences were observed in the intergluteal cleft (p = 0.002) and upper lateral buttock (p < 0.001). This study offers new insights into the observation of buttocks. The consistent attention toward the intergluteal cleft across demographics could be of potential significance in the aesthetic perception of buttocks. However, diverse gaze patterns also underscore the multifaceted nature of human attraction. These findings hold implications for plastic surgery, aesthetic medicine, and the sociocultural understanding of beauty. A deeper dive into aesthetic preferences is pivotal for a holistic understanding of human perceptions of attractive buttocks. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A Comparison of Esthetic Preferences on Female Skeletal Class II Alterations among Laypeople of Different Facial Profiles.

This study aimed to investigate the influences of assessors' different personal profiles on the esthetic perception of Class II facial profile corrections and the agreement between profile and silhouette images. A profile photo of a female with skeletal Class II was digitally altered into three profile and three silhouette images (most pronounced Class II division 1 characteristic, more retruded upper lip position, and more protruded mandibular position). Ninety-six laypeople from three facial profile groups (straight, convex, and concave profiles) chose these images for facial attractiveness. Data were analyzed using an SPSS program. Cohen's kappa coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficients were applied to determine intraparticipant and intra-examiner reliabilities. Chi-square tests were used to test between-group preferences and the relationship of profile preference with other factors. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to test the agreement in selecting profile and silhouette images (p = 0.05). All groups favored profiles with a protruded mandibular position (11-degree facial contour angle [FCA] and 91-degree nasolabial angle [NLA]). Despite facial profile differences, preference remained consistent (p = 0.649). The convex group showed a stronger inclination toward an untreated-simulating profile (17-degree FCA and 91-degree NLA). Preferences were consistent regardless of sex (p = 0.198) and education (p = 0.105). The percentage of agreement between profile and silhouette images in the total sample was 67.71% (kappa = 0.386). All groups of participants chose the more retruded upper lip position (17-degree FCA and 107-degree NLA) profile in silhouette more than in photograph. All groups preferred a mandibular advancement-simulating profile. Using the photographs or silhouettes to assess the esthetic preference resulted in a similar trend. However, the flatter profile was more preferred in silhouette than in photograph.