Percentage Of Basophils Research Articles

Characterization of Feline Basophils on the Sysmex XN-1000V and Evaluation of a New WDF Gating Profile

The Sysmex XN-1000V provides a percentage and concentration of basophils from the WNR scattergram, as for human samples, but this method has been shown to be irrelevant in cats. This study aimed to characterize the feline basophil distribution on the WDF channel and to preliminarily evaluate the performance of a new basophil gate on the WDF channel. Cases of feline basophilia were retrospectively retrieved and the scattergram from the WDF and WNR channels were evaluated for any consistent pattern. A new gating setting for the WDF channel was created to include the suspected basophil region. This new gating was applied retrospectively to identified basophilia cases and prospectively to randomly selected feline cases. Manual, WNR, and new WDF methods for basophil identification were compared. Nine cases of feline basophilia were identified. A characteristic WDF scattergram was identified in seven of the nine cases. A new gate was created on the WDF channel and applied to these and 34 additional cases. The comparison study showed that the new method of basophil quantification using the WDF scattergram correlated better with the manual method than the Sysmex XN-1000V method using the WNR scattergram. Basophil concentration in feline peripheral blood can be determined using a new gate on the WDF channel of the Sysmex XN-1000V, which provides better performance than the WNR channel and is comparable to the manual method.

Toxicological evaluation of Carthamus lanatus L (Carthame laineux) hydro-alcoholic extract in Wistar rats: acute oral toxic effects

Background: Despite the well-known phytotherapeutic properties of Carthamus lanatus L in traditional medicine, there is little evidence on its toxicity profile in hematological and biochemical parameters. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of Carthamus lanatus L. Methods: The toxicological impact of a hydroalcholic extract of Carthamus lanatus (HAECL) at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight on hematological indices in rats was assessed gradually at 24 hours after 1, 10, and 14 days. Results: We observed no significant difference in the consumption of food, body weight, or relative organ weights. Hematological and biochemical parameters revealed the non-adverse effects of prolonged oral consumption of Carthamus lanatus except for a slight increase but no significant increase in ASAT and ALAT and a no significant decrease in the percentage of basophils. Conclusions: These data imply that the extract has a non-hematotoxic potential. Overall, the impact of carthamus lanatus extract in this study shows that it is unlikely to be hematotoxic and might be a promising candidate in the treatment of coronary heart disease if taken at the levels tested.

A novel model using leukocytes to differentiating mild autonomous cortisol secretion and non-functioning adrenal adenoma

BackgroundMild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) accounts for a significant proportion of adrenal incidentaloma. Current endocrinological screening tests for MACS are complex, particularly in areas with limited medical resources. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic tool based on leukocyte-related parameters to differentiate between MACS and non-functioning adrenal adenoma (NFA).MethodsInthis retrospective case-control study, propensity score-matching was used to select 567 patients from a cohort of 1108 patients (201 MACS, 907 NFA). External validation cohort included 52MACS and 48 NFA from two hospitals, which did not overlap with the modeling cohort patients. Leukocyte-related parameters were evaluated, and the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter was assessed by calculating Youden’s J index (J) and the area under the curve (AUC). The study population was divided into training and testing samples using a 10-fold cross-validation method. Machine learning (ML) and classification and regression tree (CART) model were established.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 567 patients were enrolled, including 197 MACS and 370 NFA. With the exception of basophil percentage, all other parameters differed significantly between the two groups. Lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, eosinophils count, eosinophils percentage, and basophil percentage were lower in the MACS group compared to the NFA group. Eosinophils percentage demonstrated the highest AUC (0.650), with a sensitivity of 51.3% and specificity of 73.2%. The ML model, based on multiple parameters,exhibited better performance in diagnosing MACS (sensitivity 76%, specificity 77.4%, and AUC 0.818). A clinically usable CART model achieved an AUC of 0.872, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75.7%. In the validation cohort, the prediction accuracy of the ML model and the CART model were 0.784 and 0.798, respectively.ConclusionTheCART diagnostic model, constructed based on leukocyte-related parameters, could assist clinicians in distinguishing between MACS and NFA.

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Single Center Adult Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of single center adult chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). Clinical data of 41 adult CML-CP patients in Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital from January 2015 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients between <60 years group and ≥60 years group were compared. The 41 patients included 27 (65.9%) males and 14 (34.1%) females. The median age of the patients was 56(19-84) years, with 22 cases (53.7%) <60 years and 19 cases (46.3%) ≥60 years. Univariate analysis indicated that the proportions of patients with comorbidities, intermediate/high-risk Sokal score, myelofibrosis, and lactate dehydrogenase ≥1 000 U/L were significantly increased in ≥60 years group compared with <60 years group at initial diagnosis (all P <0.05). There were no statistical differences in the distribution of sex, ELST score, white blood cell count, platelet count, peripheral blood basophil percentage, peripheral blood eosinophil percentage and bone marrow primitive cell percentage between the two groups (P >0.05). The proportion of patients taking reduced-dose imatinib in ≥60 years group significantly increased (P <0.001). Patients <60 years had a higher proportion of molecular biological remission after treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) than patients ≥60 years (P <0.001). The incidence of non-hematologic adverse reactions to TKI therapy significantly increased in patients ≥60 years (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that no adverse factors affecting the efficacy and prognosis of TKI. Compared with adult CML-CP patients <60 years, patients ≥60 years gain fewer benefits from TKI treatment and increased adverse reactions.

Establishment of reference intervals of haematology and biochemistry analytes in ICR mice of different ages.

Outbred stocks of mice are widely used in pre-clinical research as these animals possess a diversified genetic background when compared with inbred strains of mice. It is crucial to assess particular alterations in the physiological and functional profiles of laboratory animals using haematological and biochemical indicators. These values can also differ between laboratories because they are influenced by many different factors. We aimed to provide normal values and reference intervals for selected haematology and biochemistry analytes of 570 ICR mice at three different ages: 6-8 weeks, 10-14 weeks and 6-9 months. Reference values were calculated by non-parametric methods. For comparisons between sexes, the independent-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were employed, and analysis of variance was used for age differences. The findings of the study revealed age-related declines in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations. Mice aged 6-9 months had statistically higher platelet counts in their blood than mice of other ages. The white blood cell count had a significant age effect and progressively decreased with age. As mice get older, the percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils increases, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. For the biochemical values, age-related significant differences in glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin concentrations were found. It was also found that creatinine concentrations were comparable across all age ranges. The values presented in the present work can be used as a reference to interpret clinical pathology data for other studies and to evaluate health status.

Evaluation of immunological status in pregnant and aborted women with cytomegal infection in Thi-Qar Governorate

The current study was conducted on aborted and pregnant women suspected of being infected with cytomegalovirus in The-Qar Governorate. (90) Serum samples of pregnant and aborted women were examined using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA). through the examination, (50) sample of women infected with CMV virus were found, with rate of 55.55%, where it was found that (43) sample of them carried the IgG antibody, with a rate of 48.88%, and(5) sample with the IgM immunoglobulin antibody, with a rate of (5.5%), and (2) sample of Igm+IgG, with a rate of (2.2%). Through the study of blood parameters that was conducted on (40) blood samples of women infected with the virus, compared to (10) blood samples of uninfected women there was a decrease in the blood hemoglobin rate (Hb)(11.54%) and compressed blood volume by (0.35) compared to the control group, three were no significant difference(p&gt;0.05) for the total number of white blood cells. When conducting a differential of white blood cells for infected women it was found that there was an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes by (40.50), While no significant differences were observed (p&gt;0.05) in the percentage of monocytes,neutrophils eosinophils, and basophils. As for the phagocytosis factor, an increase in the phagocytosis factor was recorded for infected women compared to the control group, as the phagocytosis factor for infected women reached 12-60% and for the control group 47.10%.

The causal relationships of granulocytes and melanoma skin cancer: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

Increasing evidence has revealed that granulocyte has a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized for estimating the causal association between neutrophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer, eosinophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer, basophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer, respectively. The Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) ids for melanoma skin cancer, neutrophil percentage, eosinophil percentage and basophil percentage were derived from Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS database. The univariable MR (UVMR) analysis was conducted to estimate the risk using MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW). In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the reliability of UVMR results. Finally, the multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to investigate causality between neutrophil percentage and eosinophil percentage in the presence of both and melanoma skin cancer. The UVMR indicated that neutrophil percentage and eosinophil percentage were significantly and causally related to melanoma skin cancer, with neutrophil percentage [p=0.025, odds ratio (OR)=1.002] as a risk factor and eosinophil percentage (p=7.04E-06, OR=0.997) as a protective factor. Moreover, MVMR analysis indicated eosinophil percentage remained the protective factor (p=0.003, OR=0.998), while the causality of neutrophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer became insignificant (p>0.05). The causal relationships of neutrophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer, eosinophil percentage and melanoma skin cancer were shown by this study, which provided a reference for subsequent research and treatment related to melanoma skin cancer.

Assessment of ELR, PLR, NLR and BLR Ratios during Omalizumab Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Background: There is a need for searching for biomarkers indicating patients who will benefit the most from treatment with omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). The aim of this study was to assess whether the eosinophil/neutrophil/platelet/basophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR, NLR, PLR, BLR) may predict the response to omalizumab treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of CSU patients treated s-c with 300 mg of omalizumab every four weeks under the drug program was carried out. NLR, ELR, PLR and BLR, DLQI, UAS-7, CRP, anti-TPO and tIgE were assessed before (V0) and after three (V3) and six months (V6) of treatment. Results: Among 52 patients with CSU, 21 were responders, 24 were partially responders and 6 were non-responders to treatment with 300 mg omalizumab every four weeks. An amount of 18 patients had features of type I autoallergic CSU (CSUaiTI) and 34 patients had autoimmunity type IIb CSU with mast cell-directed activating autoantibodies (CSUaiTIIb). NLR, ELR, PLR and BLR indices did not change during a six-month-course of biological treatment. Initial values of ELR and BLR were significantly correlated with the initial tIgE level and anti-TPO/IgE ratio. Initial values of NLR, ELR and BLR were significantly correlated with initial CRP. Comparisons between type I autoallergic CSU (CSUaiTI) and autoimmunity type IIb CSU (CSUaiTIIb) revealed that the absolute number and percentage of eosinophils, basophils, BLR and tIgE were significantly higher in type CSUaiTI and anti-TPO and anti-TPO/IgE were significantly lower in type CSUaiTI. Conclusions: NLR, ELR, PLR and BLR do not change significantly during six months of omalizumab treatment and do not appear to be useful in predicting its efficacy.

Effects of blood extraction and ecophysiological experiments on stress in adult males of Liolaemus attenboroughi.

Stress during laboratory experiments can affect the outcomes of ecophysiological studies. The serum corticosterone concentration (CORT), the leukocyte profile, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), and the presence of blood endoparasites were analyzed as a proxy of stress and immunological state in adult males of the lizard Liolaemus attenboroughi, endemic to Patagonia, Argentina. The results of the ecophysiological variables (preferred temperature, running speed, locomotor endurance, and body condition index, BCI) were analyzed in relation to stress indicators obtained from blood samples taken at three different times: at capture, and on the third and seventh days in the laboratory. Males at capture showed a high percentage of lymphocytes and heterophils and a low of basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. Haemogregorina-type endoparasites have been recorded in the genus Liolaemus for the first time. The proportion of infected males remained stable during captivity; however, these males showed higher CORT levels, increased percentages of basophils, and decreased percentages of lymphocytes. There was a significant increment in CORT and H/L, and a decrease in BCI during laboratory experiments, compared with baseline values at capture. The performance was not related to the CORT or the repeated blood sampling. The BCI decreased, possibly due to energy reserve mobilization caused by acute stress. This study shows that blood extraction and ecophysiological experiments over 7 days have a minor effect on the stress indicators used.

The treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase combined with myelofibrosis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A Chinese population-based study.

e18524 Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of hematological malignancy characterized by the excessive proliferation of myeloid cells. Studies have shown that the presence of MF in CML patients has been associated with TFR. Identifying and assessing MF in CML patients at the time of diagnosis can provide valuable information for treatment planning and prognostic evaluation. Methods: The study enrolled 1757 CML-CP patients with pathological results of bone marrow biopsy. Patients with incomplete information from laboratory tests and medical records were excluded. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. CML was diagnosed according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2023 version. Results: Patients with MF were found to be older (p&lt;0.001) and had higher leukocyte (p&lt;0.001) and platelet counts (p&lt;0.001). They were also more likely to experience anemia (p&lt;0.001), splenomegaly (p&lt;0.001), patients with myelofibrosis had a higher percentage of eosinophils (p&lt;0.001) and basophils (p&lt;0.001) and had a higher proportion of peripheral blood blast cells (p&lt;0.001) compared to patients without myelofibrosis. However, there was no significant difference in the male-to-female ratio between the two groups (p=0.690). Patients with MF were more unlikely to achieve certain treatment milestones, including a 3-month early molecular response (3M-EMR) (p&lt;0.001), 6-month BCR-ABLIS ≤ 1% (p&lt;0.001), and 12-month major molecular response (12M-MMR) (p&lt;0.001). The proportion of medium/high-risk patients, as determined by Sokal score (p&lt;0.001), Hasford score (p&lt;0.001), ELTS score (p&lt;0.001), and EUTOS score (p=0.002), was significantly increased in patients with MF (Table 1). Patients with MF had lower OS and PFS compared to patients without MF, indicating a potentially worse prognosis for those with MF. Patients with MF 10-year cumulative incidences of imatinib-therapy failure (p&lt;0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the treatment failure rate with different second-generation TKIs (p=0.222). CML-CP patients with MF who were treated with different TKIs were found that second-generation TKIs were more likely to achieve a 3-month EMR(p=0.009), 6-month BCR-ABLIS ≤ 1% (p=0.019), and 12-month MMR(p=0.015) compared to imatinib. Conclusions: Based on the available data, the results suggest that MF is indeed a poor prognostic factor for patients with CML. This finding highlights the importance of considering MF as a factor in assessing the outlook for CML patients. These findings indicate that second-generation TKIs are more effective in achieving molecular responses compared to imatinib, particularly in the context of myelofibrosis.

Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm to Forecast the Likelihood of Postoperative Neurological Complications in Patients With Parotid Tumors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to create and verify a machine learning-driven predictive model to forecast the likelihood of facial nerve impairment in patients with parotid tumors following surgery. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with parotid tumors between 2013 and 2023 to develop a prediction model for postoperative facial nerve dysfunction using 5 ML techniques: Logistic Regression (Logit), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Predictor variables were screened using binomial-LASSO regression. Results: The study had a total of 403 participants, out of which 56 individuals encountered facial nerve damage after the surgery. By employing binomial-LASSO regression, we have successfully identified 8 crucial predictive variables: tumor kind, tumor pain, surgeon's experience, tumor volume, basophil percentage, red blood cell count, partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time. The models utilizing ANN and Logit achieved higher area under the curve (AUC) values, namely 0.829, which was significantly better than the SVM model that had an AUC of 0.724. There were no noticeable disparities in the AUC values between the ANN and Logit models, as well as between these models and other techniques like RF and XGB. Conclusion: Using machine learning, our prediction model accurately predicts the likelihood that patients with parotid tumors may experience facial nerve damage following surgery. By using this model, doctors can assess patients' risks more accurately before to surgery, and it may also help optimize postoperative treatment techniques. It is anticipated that this tool would enhance patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes.

Dietary L-carnitine supplementation modifies blood parameters of mid-lactating dairy cows during standardized lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

L-carnitine, available as feed additive, is essential for the beta-oxidation of free fatty acids in the mitochondrial matrix. It provides energy to immune cells and may positively impact the functionality of leukocytes during the acute phase response, a situation of high energy demand. To test this hypothesis, German Holstein cows were assigned to a control group (CON, n = 26) and an L-carnitine supplemented group (CAR, n = 27, rumen-protected L-carnitine product: 125 g/cow/d, corresponded to total L-carnitine intake: 25 g/cow/d, supplied with concentrate) and received an intravenous bolus injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.5 µg/kg body weight, E. coli) on day 111 postpartum as a model of standardized systemic inflammation. Blood samples were collected from day 1 ante injectionem until day 14 post injectionem (pi), with frequent sampling through an indwelling venous catheter from 0.5 h pi to 12 h pi. All parameters of the white blood cell count responded significantly to LPS, while only a few parameters were affected by L-carnitine supplementation. The mean eosinophil count, as well as the percentage of basophils were significantly higher in CAR than in CON over time, which may be due to an increased membrane stability. However, phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species by leukocytes remained unchanged following L-carnitine supplementation. In conclusion, although supplementation with 25 g L-carnitine per cow and day resulted in increased proportions of specific leukocyte populations, it had only minor effects on the functional parameters studied in mid-lactating dairy cows during LPS-induced inflammation, and there was no evidence of direct improvement of immune functionality.

Coal mining environment causes adverse effects on workers.

The objective of this study is to study the adverse effects of coal mining environment on workers to discover early effective biomarkers. The molecular epidemiological study was conducted with 502 in-service workers, who were divided into miner and auxiliary. We measured the individual levels of dust exposure for participants. Clinical examinations were conducted by qualified doctors. Peripheral blood was collected to measure biochemistry, hemogram, and karyocyte apoptosis. All workers were healthy who have not found with any diseases that can be diagnosed medically in the physical examination and showed no difference in dust exposure level, age, height, weight, and body mass index between groups. The working years of miners were lower than that of auxiliaries (p < 0.001). Compared with auxiliaries, the concentration and percentage of lymphocytes (p = 0.040, p = 0.012), basophils (p = 0.027, p = 0.034), and red blood cells (p < 0.001) and the concentration of hemoglobin of miners were lower (p < 0.001). The percentage of neutrophils (p = 0.003), the concentration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.002), and the proportion of karyocyte apoptosis in miners were higher (p < 0.001). Miners presented higher blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.001), ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine (p < 0.001), the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001), lower creatinine (p < 0.05), and cholesterol (p < 0.001). The coal mining environment impacted mining workers' immune function, renal function, and the hematopoietic system, including BUN/CRE, HGB, RBC, and LYMPH, which could be used as early biomarkers to screen the health of coal miners.

Identification of pathogen composition in a Chinese population with iatrogenic and native vertebral osteomyelitis by using mNGS

Background Early antimicrobial therapy is crucial regarding the prognosis of vertebral osteomyelitis, but early pathogen diagnosis remains challenging. Objective In this study, we aimed to differentiate the types of pathogens in iatrogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (IVO) and native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) to guide early antibiotic treatment. Methods A total of 145 patients, who had confirmed spinal infection and underwent metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing, were included, with 114 in the NVO group and 31 in the IVO group. Using mNGS, we detected and classified 53 pathogens in the 31 patients in the IVO group and 169 pathogens in the 114 patients in the NVO group. To further distinguish IVO from NVO, we employed machine learning algorithms to select serum biomarkers and developed a nomogram model. Results The results revealed that the proportion of the Actinobacteria phylum in the NVO group was approximately 28.40%, which was significantly higher than the 15.09% in the IVO group. Conversely, the proportion of the Firmicutes phylum (39.62%) in the IVO group was markedly increased compared to the 21.30% in the NVO group. Further genus-level classification demonstrated that Staphylococcus was the most common pathogen in the IVO group, whereas Mycobacterium was predominant in the NVO group. Through LASSO regression and random forest algorithms, we identified 5 serum biomarkers including percentage of basophils (BASO%), percentage of monocytes (Mono%), platelet volume (PCT), globulin (G), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) for distinguishing IVO from NVO. Based on these biomarkers, we established a nomogram model capable of accurately discriminating between the two conditions. Conclusion The results of this study hold promise in providing valuable guidance to clinical practitioners for the differential diagnosis and early antimicrobial treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis.

Characteristic changes in blood routine and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in recipients of different types of rejection.

Rejection remains the most important factor limiting the survival of transplanted kidneys. Although a pathological biopsy of the transplanted kidney is the gold standard for diagnosing rejection, its limitations prevent it from being used as a routine monitoring method. Recently, peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation testing has become an important means of assessing the body's immune system, however, its application value and strategy in the field of kidney transplantation need further exploration. Additionally, the development and utilization of routine test parameters are also important methods for exploring diagnostic strategies and predictive models for kidney transplant diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), as well as their diagnostic value, in conjunction with routine blood tests. A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to December, 2021, were selected as the study subjects. They were assigned into a stable group, a TCMR group, and an ABMR group, based on the occurrence and type of rejection. The basic and clinical data of these recipients were retrospectively analyzed and compared among the 3 groups. The transplant kidney function, routine blood tests, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation data of the TCMR group and the ABMR group before rejection treatment were compared with those of the stable group. The stable, TCMR group, and ABMR group showed no statistically significant differences in immunosuppressive maintenance regimens or sources of transplanted kidneys (all P>0.05). However, the post-transplant duration was significantly longer in the ABMR group compared with the stable group (P<0.001) and the TCMR group (P<0.05). Regarding kidney function, serum creatinine levels in the ABMR group were higher than in the stable group and the TCMR group (both P<0.01), with the TCMR group also showing higher levels than the stable group (P<0.01). Both TCMR and ABMR groups had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen levels than the stable group (P<0.01), with no statistically significant difference between TCMR and ABMR groups (P>0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in both TCMR and ABMR groups compared with the stable group (both P<0.01). In routine blood tests, the ABMR group had lower hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and platelet count than the stable group (all P<0.05). The TCMR group had higher neutrophil percentage (P<0.05) and count (P<0.05) than the stable group, and the ABMR group had a higher neutrophil percentage than the stable group (P<0.05). The eosinophil percentage and count in the TCMR group were lower than in the stable and ABMR groups (all P<0.05). Both TCMR and ABMR groups had lower basophil percentage and count, as well as lower lymphocyte percentage and count, compared with the stable group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in monocyte percentage and count among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). In lymphocyte subpopulations, the TCMR and ABMR groups had lower counts of CD45+ cells and T cells compared with the stable group (all P<0.05). The TCMR group also had lower counts of CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells than the stable group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the T cell percentage, CD4+ T cell percentage, CD8+ T cell percentage and their counts, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, NK cell percentage, and B cell percentage among the stable, TCMR, and ABMR groups (all P>0.05). The occurrence of rejection leads to impaired transplant kidney function, accompanied by characteristic changes in some parameters of routine blood tests and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in kidney transplant recipients. The different characteristics of changes in some parameters of routine blood tests and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations during TCMR and ABMR may help predict and diagnose rejection and differentiate between TCMR and ABMR.

Immune cell phenotype and function patterns across the life course in individuals from rural Uganda.

To determine the pattern of immune cell subsets across the life span in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and to set a reference standard for cell subsets amongst Africans, we characterised the major immune cell subsets in peripheral blood including T cells, B cells, monocytes, NK cells, neutrophils and eosinophils, in individuals aged 3 to 89 years from Uganda. Immune phenotypes were measured using both conventional flow cytometry in 72 individuals, and full spectrum flow cytometry in 80 individuals. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IFN-γ T cell responses were quantified in 332 individuals using an ELISpot assay. Full blood counts of all study participants were also obtained. The percentages of central memory (TCM) and senescent CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, effector memory (TEM) CD8+ T cells and neutrophils increased with increasing age. On the other hand, the percentages of naïve T (TN) and B (BN) cells, atypical B cells (BA), total lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils decreased with increasing age. There was no change in CD4+ or CD8+ T effector memory RA (TEMRA) cells, exhausted T cells, NK cells and monocytes with age. Higher eosinophil and basophil percentages were observed in males compared to females. T cell function as measured by IFN-γ responses to EBV increased with increasing age, peaking at 31-55 years. The percentages of cell subsets differ between individuals from SSA compared to those elsewhere, perhaps reflecting a different antigenic milieu. These results serve as a reference for normal values in this population.

Characterization and trajectories of hematological parameters prior to severe COVID-19 based on a large-scale prospective health checkup cohort in western China: a longitudinal study of 13-year follow-up

BackgroundThe relaxation of the “zero-COVID” policy on Dec. 7, 2022, in China posed a major public health threat recently. Complete blood count test was discovered to have complicated relationships with COVID-19 after the infection, while very few studies could track long-term monitoring of the health status and identify the characterization of hematological parameters prior to COVID-19.MethodsBased on a 13-year longitudinal prospective health checkup cohort of ~ 480,000 participants in West China Hospital, the largest medical center in western China, we documented 998 participants with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 during the 1 month after the policy. We performed a time-to-event analysis to explore the associations of severe COVID-19 patients diagnosed, with 34 different hematological parameters at the baseline level prior to COVID-19, including the whole and the subtypes of white and red blood cells.ResultsA total of 998 participants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test were documented in the cohort, 42 of which were severe cases. For white blood cell-related parameters, a higher level of basophil percentage (HR = 6.164, 95% CI = 2.066–18.393, P = 0.001) and monocyte percentage (HR = 1.283, 95% CI = 1.046–1.573, P = 0.017) were found associated with the severe COVID-19. For lymphocyte-related parameters, a lower level of lymphocyte count (HR = 0.571, 95% CI = 0.341–0.955, P = 0.033), and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (HR = 2.473, 95% CI = 1.009–6.059, P = 0.048) were found related to the risk of severe COVID-19. We also observed that abnormality of red cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hemoglobin might also be involved in the development of severe COVID-19. The different trajectory patterns of RDW-SD and white blood cell count, including lymphocyte and neutrophil, prior to the infection were also discovered to have significant associations with the risk of severe COVID-19 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings might help decision-makers and clinicians to classify different risk groups of population due to outbreaks including COVID-19. They could not only optimize the allocation of medical resources, but also help them be more proactive instead of reactive to long COVID-19 or even other outbreaks in the future.

Immune stimulatory effect of Nigella sativa in healthy animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The immune-modulatory effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa seeds, NSS) are well documented, but the overall in vivo impact of this important natural medicinal product on immune system function has yet to be established. Here we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of NSS on humoral [serum titers of immunoglobulins including IgG, IgM, anti-Newcastle virus disease (anti-NDV), and sheep red blood cell antigen (anti-SRBC)] and cellular immunity [total white blood cell (WBC) count and percentages of monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils] in healthy animals. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched according to predefined eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the final effect size using RevMan software. Seventeen animal studies were eligible for analysis. For humoral immunity, the overall pooled effect size (ES) of NSS on serum titers of IgM and anti-NVD antibodies was not significantly different [mean difference (MD) 75.27, 95% CI: −44.76 to 195.30, p = 0.22 (I2 = 89%, p = 0.003), and −0.01, 95% CI: −0.27 to 0.25, p = 0.94 (I2 = 74%, p = 0.02), respectively]. However, NSS significantly increased serum titers of IgG and anti-SRBC antibodies [MD 3.30, 95% CI: 2.27 to 4.32, p = 0.00001 (I2 = 0%, p = 0.97), and 1.15, 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.56, p = 0.00001 (I2 = 0%, p = 0.43), respectively]. For cellular immunity, the ES of NSS on WBCs, monocytes, and lymphocytes were not significantly different [MD 0.29, 95% CI: −0.55 to 1.13, p = 0.50, (I2 = 14%, p = 0.32), - 0.01, 95% CI: −0.45 to 0.44, p = 0.97 (I2 = 0%, p = 0.77), and 4.73, 95% CI: −7.13 to 16.59, p = 0.43, (I2 = 99%, p = 0.00001), respectively]. In conclusion, black seeds enhance humoral immunity in healthy animals but do not affect cellular immunity.

A comparison study between the Siemens ADVIA 120 and manual method for the differential white blood cell count in goats.

Although widely used, the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer has not been previously validated for determining the differential leukocyte count in goats. The aim of this study was to compare the differential leukocyte counts provided by the ADVIA 120 (A-diff) and the manual method (M-Diff) in goats. EDTA blood samples that were analyzed within 4 h of collection were used in the study. The following exclusion criteria were applied: inappropriately filled tubes or tubes containing clots, erroneous ADVIA peroxidase cytograms, and blood smears of poor quality. The A-Diff was compared with the M-Diff performed by two independent observers on 200 leukocytes. Forty samples were included after previously excluding eight samples. The correlation between the A-Diff and M-Diff was very strong for eosinophils (r = .870, p < .001) and strong for lymphocytes (r = .796, p < .001) and neutrophils (r = .730, p < .001), while no significant correlation was observed for monocytes (r = .026, p = .872). The Passing-Bablok regression analyses revealed statistically significant constant errors for neutrophils (5.83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41%, 12.18%) and eosinophils (1.89%; 95% CI: 1.17%, 2.71%). Bland-Altman analyses showed a statistically significant negative bias for lymphocytes (-5.0%) and a statistically significant positive bias for eosinophils (2.2%). The very low basophil percentages precluded a meaningful method comparison. The ADVIA 120 overall demonstrated good performance for the differential WBC count in goats under the conditions of this study. Therefore, it can be considered suitable for routine hematologic screening in goats. Nonetheless, it should be emphasized that any abnormal result should be confirmed with a blood smear evaluation.

Polyps' Extension and Recurrence in Different Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Series of 449 Consecutive Patients.

Different inflammatory endotypes reflect the heterogeneity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps' (CRSwNPs) clinical presentation. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the distribution of polyps in nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses to establish a possible association between CRSwNP endotypes, prognosis, and polyps' extension. This study included 449 adult patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNPs between 2009 and 2022. Patients were categorized based on the number of paranasal sinuses involved by polyps. Statistical analyses, including Cox regression, were performed to identify associations between demographic, clinical, and histopathological factors and disease recurrence. CRSwNP patients were stratified into four groups based on the extent of polyp involvement. Asthma and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity were associated with more sinuses involved (p-values = 0.0003 and 0.0037, respectively). Blood eosinophil counts increased with the number of sinuses affected (p-value < 0.0001). The distribution of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic histotypes varied significantly among these groups (p-value < 0.0001). The risk of CRSwNP recurrence was higher in patients with asthma, higher basophil percentages, and eosinophilic histotype (p-value 0.0104, 0.0001, 0.0118, and 0.0104, respectively). This study suggests a positive association between the number of paranasal sinuses involved by polyps and the severity of CRSwNPs, particularly in patients with eosinophilic histotype, asthma, and ASA sensitivity.