Percentage Of Weight Loss Research Articles

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TG103 injection in participants who are overweight or obese: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose phase 1b study

BackgroundTG103, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, is being investigated as an option for weight management. We aimed to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TG103 injection in participants who are overweight or obese without diabetes.MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose phase 1b study, participants aged 18–75 years with a body-mass index (BMI) ≥ 26.0 kg/m2 and body weight ≥ 60 kg were enrolled from three centers in China. The study included three cohorts, and in each cohort, eligible participants were randomly assigned (3:1) to one of three once-weekly subcutaneous TG103 groups (15.0, 22.5 and 30.0 mg) or matched placebo, without lifestyle interventions. In each cohort, the doses of TG103 were escalated in 1-week intervals to the desired dose over 1 to 4 weeks. Then participants were treated at the target dose until week 12 and then followed up for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability assessed by the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) from baseline to the end of the follow-up period. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of TG103 and the occurrence of anti-drug antibodies to TG103.ResultsA total of 147 participants were screened, and 48 participants were randomly assigned to TG103 (15.0, 22.5 and 30.0 mg groups, n = 12 per group) or placebo (n = 12). The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of the participants was 33.9 (10.0) years; the mean bodyweight was 81.65 (10.50) kg, and the mean BMI was 29.8 (2.5) kg/m2. A total of 466 AEs occurred in 45 of the 48 participants, with 35 (97.2%) in the TG103 group and 10 (83.3%) in the pooled placebo group. Most AEs were grade 1 or 2 in severity, and there were no serious adverse events (SAEs), AEs leading to death, or AEs leading to discontinuation of treatment. The steady-state exposure of TG103 increased with increasing dose and was proportional to Cmax,ss, AUCss, AUC0-t and AUC0-inf. The mean values of Cmax,ss ranged from 951 to 1690 ng/mL, AUC0-t ranged from 150 to 321 μg*h/mL, and AUC0-inf ranged from 159 to 340 μg*h/mL. TG103 had a half-life of 110–116 h, with a median Tmax of 36–48 h. After treatment for 12 weeks, the mean (SD) values of weight loss from baseline in the TG103 15.0 mg, 22.5 mg and 30.0 mg groups were 5.65 (3.30) kg, 5.35 (3.39) kg and 5.13 (2.56) kg, respectively, and that in the placebo group was 1.37 (2.13) kg. The least square mean percent weight loss from baseline to D85 in all the TG103 groups was more than 5% with p < 0.05 for all comparisons with placebo.ConclusionsIn this trial, all three doses of once-weekly TG103 were well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. TG103 demonstrated preliminary 12-week body weight loss without lifestyle interventions, thus showing great potential for the treatment of overweight and obesity.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04855292. Registered on April 22, 2021.

Machine Learning Analysis of Enhanced Biodegradable Phoenix dactylifera L./HDPE Composite Thermograms.

Worldwide, environmental groups and policymakers are focusing on waste recycling to create economic value and on the decomposition of waste by leveraging on scarce resources. This work, therefore, explores the thermal decomposition of enhanced biodegradable polymer matrices made from a mixture of discarded Phoenix dactylifera L./high-density polyethylene (PD/HDPE) using the machine learning analysis of experimental data. The experimental results of these samples were obtained via thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis under an oxidation-free environment, with heating rates of 10, 20, and 40 °C·min-1 and a degradation temperature range from 25 to 600 °C. The TGA analyses revealed the continued dependence of the actual percentage weight loss by these materials as a test function of the degradation temperature, shifting thermograms to temperature maxima consistent with increasing heating rates. Although high-density polyethylene (HDPE) materials were found to be thermally more stable than Phoenix dactylifera L. (PD) materials, PD/HDPE composite materials contained a significant amount of residual ash. Using a machine learning deep neural network approach for this process, significantly improved learning algorithms have been developed, which reduces the overall cost function (residual error) to almost zero (0.025) after just over a million iterations (epochs) and provides predictions that overlap with the experimental results (R2~1). Learning algorithms, along with optimized synaptic weights and biases, were employed to predict the behaviour of PD materials based on experimental thermograms conducted at higher degradation temperatures, typically ranging between 600 and 1000 °C. Predicted data using the enhanced learning algorithms completely overlapped the experiments (R2~1) for these higher degradation temperatures with near unity correlation if the decomposition of the materials continued until the residue was attained. With this approach, it is possible to predict and optimize the thermal characteristics of PD and HDPE with greater efficiency, which reduces the need for multiple design iterations and experimentation.

PENGARUH MODIFIKASI PANAS OIL HEAT TREATMENT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA DAN BERAT PADA BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper) DAN BAMBU ANDONG (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea)

Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) are non-timber forest products that can be used as a substitute for wood. However, both bamboos have light colors that are less aesthetic and susceptible to fungal and pest damage. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the bamboo. One of the modification methods used is oil heat treatment (OHT). This research aims to determine the effect of OHT on the color of betung and andong bamboo. This research was carried out the OHT using palm oil at temperatures of 180°C, 200°C, 220°C and 240°C for 2 hours. Color parameter measurements were observed using a colorimeter that implemented the CIE-Lab color system. The color parameters measured include brightness (L*), red/green chromaticity (a*), yellow/blue chromaticity (b*), and overall color change (∆E*). The percentage of bamboo weight loss after OHT was also observed. The research results show that the brightness value (L*) of betung bamboo and andong bamboo has decreased, so that the color becomes darker as the temperature increased. The a* and b* values decreased at all temperatures and durations. In addition, the value of ∆E* increased at all temperatures with a total change showing a value &gt; 12. The decrease in weight of betung bamboo occurred at all temperatures. This heat treatment can make the bamboo color darker and more exotic, thereby increasing the added value of the product and improving the quality of bamboo from fungi and pests due to cellulose degradation.

Comparison between total weight loss and other metrics after bariatric surgery using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model.

Several tools are used to assess postoperative weight loss after bariatric surgery, including the percentage of excess body weight loss (%EWL), percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), and percentage of excess body mass index (BMI) loss (%EBMIL). A repeated series of measurements should be considered to assess weight loss as accurately as possible. This study aimed to test weight loss metrics. Data were obtained from a prospective database of patients with obesity who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) between 2016 and 2017 in a French tertiary referral bariatric center. A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model with repeated measures was used to analyze repeated weight measurements over time. A total of 435 patients underwent LRYGB (n = 266) or LSG (n = 169). At 2years, the average %EWL, %EBMIL, and %TWL were 56.8%, 61.3%, and 26.6%, respectively. Patients who underwent LSG experienced lower weight loss (β: -4233 in %TWL model, β: -6437 in %EWL model, and β: -6989 in %EBMIL model) than those who underwent LRYGB. In multivariate mixed analysis, preoperative BMI was not significantly associated with %TWL at 2years (β, -0.09 [-0.22-0.03] p = 0.1). Preoperative BMI was negatively associated with both %EWL (β, -1.61 [-1.84--1.38] p < 0.0001) and %EBMIL (β, -1.91 [-2.16--1.66] p < 0.0001). This is the first study to assess %TWL use for postoperative weight measurement, using a multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model %TWL is the measure of choice to assess weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Impact of a digital employer-based weight loss program on individuals age 65 or older.

Older adults are not protected from obesity, which has been linked to frailty, cognitive impairment, and other aging-related factors. Intensive lifestyle interventions have been shown to be effective for weight loss in older adults; however, these have typically been highly intensive and less feasible for dissemination. This analysis describes weight loss in a large-scale, commercially available, digital intervention in a subset of older adults. Older adults (N = 20,443, males = 6,238; females = 14,205) between 65 and 85years of age with overweight (43.3%) or obesity (46.7%) participated in an online, self-directed weight loss program. Behavioral-based content was delivered through weekly video lessons within an online platform that included weight and physical activity tracking, an online community, a reference library, and access to coaching support. Self-reported measures taken at the time of entry into the program were used for this analysis (demographics, height, body weight, and health status). Weight was reported across weeks of engagement in the curriculum. The average weight loss was -3.15kg (95% CI: [-3.20, -3.11]) at 15.5weeks. Weight loss was significantly greater in male individuals (-3.79kg [95% CI: -3.89, -3.71]) versus female individuals (-2.87kg [95% CI: -2.94, -2.82]) (p < 0.001), with a similar engagement in curriculum weeks. Percent weight loss was statistically significant for all age categories (p < 0.05) and self-reported health conditions (p < 0.05). Short-term weight loss was observed in older adults exposed to a low-touch, self-guided, and digital behavioral-based weight loss program. Weight loss was also observed even in the presence of various chronic health conditions.

Effect of Histopathological Findings of Gastric Specimens Resected During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Weight Loss Success: A Retrospective Analysis of 599 Patients.

Even though there aren't enough studies on long-term outcomes, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)is the most common procedure amongweight loss surgeries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the histopathological results of resected stomach specimens of patients who underwent LSG and to analyze the effect of histopathological results on weight loss success. The patients were divided into two groups according to histopathological results of the pathology specimens: abnormal (chronic active gastritis, chronic inactive gastritis, neoplasias) and normal. If the excess weight loss percentage (EWL%) values were over 70% at the end of the first year following LSG, the patients were considered successful in terms of weight loss. The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, preoperative body mass index (BMI) value, as well as postoperative first-year BMI, EWL%, total weight loss percentage (TWL%), and successful patient percentage. A total of 599 patients were included in this study. When the patients were dichotomized according to their pathology results as normal or abnormal, 101 (%83.5) of the patients with normal pathology results had EWL% greater than 70%. On the contrary, 356 (74.5%) of the patients with abnormal pathology results had EWL% greater than 70%, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.038). Patients with normal histopathologic examination results of resected gastric specimens after LSG are more successful than the patient population with abnormal histopathologic results in terms of the percentage of patients with EWL% above 70 at the end of the first postoperative year. We recommend routine histopathologic analysis of gastric specimens after LSG in severely obese patients.

"Window to Window": A Variant Technique of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) may present many technical modifications depending on the surgeon. However, no significant variation was noted in the chronological order of the surgical steps in the current technique. We present the "Window to Window," a variant LSG technique. The technique, introduced in our institution in 2007, requires three trocars. Surgical steps, presented chronologically in a descriptive video, start by creating the "paracardial window" then the "antral window." Subsequently, the gastric transection is performed in two phases after progressive retro-gastric liberation. Lastly, the mobilization of greater curvature is carried out followed by specimen extraction and fascial closure. The procedure was performed for approximately 3200 patients and was comparable in terms of medium-term percent of excess weight loss compared with the standard technique. This variant technique of LSG presents many technical advantages for surgeons in terms of safety and exposure compared with the standard technique, while presenting a longer learning curve.

Long-term weight loss of distal gastric bypass is moderately superior compared to proximal gastric bypass in patients with a BMI of 37-44 Kg/m2.

The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is one of the standard procedures in metabolic surgery. Different limb lengths have been proposed in the past to maximize weight loss (WL) and reduce metabolic complications. Distal gastric bypass surgery with a very short common channel (CC) (up to 100cm) has been often criticized due to frequent side effects such as malnutrition, bone weakening and short-bowel syndrome. We introduced a modified version of a distal LRYGB with a 50-70cm long biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and an intermediate short CC (120-150cm). Our primary goal was to compare the long-term WL between distal and proximal LRYGB in two cohorts of patients. Secondary outcomes were weight regain (WR), insufficient weight loss (IWL), postoperative complications and metabolic changes 5 years after surgery. In this retrospective study we collected data from 160 patients operated between 2014 and 2015, with a BMI of 37-44 Kg/m2. 101 patients underwent a distal and 59 patients a proximal LRYGB in two bariatric centers. WL was calculated as percent of excess of BMI loss (%EBMIL), loss of body mass index (Delta-BMI), percent of excess weight loss (%EWL) and percent of total weight loss (%TWL). Data were collected 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months after surgery. The distal LRYGB resulted in significantly better 5-year-WL compared to the proximal bypass in terms of %EBMIL (median at 5 years: 83% vs. 65%, p = 0.001), %TWL (median at 5 years: 32% vs. 26%, p = 0.017) and %EWL (median at 5 years: 65% vs. 51%, p = 0.029), with equal major complications and metabolic alterations. In addition, WR was significantly lower in patients with distal bypass (18% vs. 35%, p = 0.032). Distal LYRGB with a 120-150 long CC results in better WL and WL-maintenance compared to proximal LRYGB without major side effects after five years.

Design and Fabrication of a 300kg Capacity Fish Oven

It is widely assumed that simply scaling up existing fish oven designs meets the drying efficiency, quality and safety requirements of the growing demands of fish products. However, this may not be the most effective solution for large scale fish growers due to various logistical and operational challenges. The existing empirical support for the construction and performance evaluation of large sized ovens remains insufficient. An electric-gas powered fish oven was developed as part of a project to enhance fish smoking methods and solve energy consumption, and scalability issues faced by large scale fish growers. According to performance assessments, the drying chamber receives a noteworthy heat input from the electric source. The efficiency of the gas source was 63%, that of the electric source was 79%, and the efficiency of the gas-electric mode was 84%. The drying pace and the percentage weight loss of the fish samples were found to be significantly influenced by the heat source and the kind of fish. Because of its functional status, this study found that Tilapia fish dried more quickly than Catfish. However, compared to utilizing solely the electric source, it was found that employing the gas dryer shortened the drying time by one hour. These improvements have the potential to improve the efficiency of fish processing and decrease losses that occur after harvest. The oven was constructed using locally available materials. After testing, it was determined that the constructed oven operates with high performance and effectiveness. Keywords: electric oven; gas oven; heating element; large oven; Design.

Long-term (11 Years) Results of Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: Changes in Weight, Blood Levels of Sugar and Lipids, and Late Adverse Effects : Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Results.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) remains the most effective procedure to treat severe obesity with proven short- and intermediate-term benefits. The main goal is to describe the effects on weight and biochemical laboratory tests after long-term follow-up (11 years). A prospective cohort of adults with obesity treated with LRYGB between 2004 and 2010 in one center were studied. Patients with prior bariatric or upper digestive tract surgery, hiatal hernia >4 cm, alcoholism, or decompensated conditions were excluded. The study enrolled 123 patients, with a mean follow-up of 133±29 months and a 14% loss of participants. The percentage of Total Weight Loss (%TWL) at one, five, and eleven years was 30.3±8.4%, 29.1±6.9%, and 23.4±7%, respectively. Of the patients, 61.3% (65/106) maintained a %TWL≥20 after eleven years. Recurrent Weight Gain (RWG) at five and eleven years was 2.6±11.4% and 11 ±11.5%, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, 31.1% (33/106) of patients had RWG≥15%. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia improved in 85.7% (54/63) and 90.2% (7/61) of the cohort, respectively. Remission of diabetes occurred in 80% of this subgroup. Gallstones developed in 28% of patients, and bowel obstruction due to internal hernia occurred in 9.4%. Anemia due to iron deficiency appeared in 25 patients. After surgery, there is a significant and durable loss of weight, with a tendency for late Recurrent Weight Gain. Furthermore, the improvement in biochemical parameters is sustained over time, but surgery's adverse effects may appear later.

Differences in weight-loss outcomes among race-gender subgroups by behavioural intervention delivery mode: An analysis of the POWER trial.

Prior in-person behavioural intervention studies have documented differential weight loss between men and women and by race, with Black women receiving the least benefit. Remotely delivered interventions are now commonplace, but few studies have compared outcomes by race-gender groups and delivery modality. We conducted a secondary analysis of POWER, a randomized trial (NCT00783315) designed to determine the effectiveness of 2 active, lifestyle-based, weight loss interventions (remote vs. in-person) compared to a control group. Participants with obesity and at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor (N = 415) were recruited in the Baltimore, MD area. Data from 233 white and 170 Black individuals were used for this analysis. Following an intention-to-treat approach, we compared the mean percent weight loss at 24 months by race-gender subgroups using repeated-measures, mixed-effects models. Everyone lost weight in the active interventions however, weight loss differed by race and gender. white and Black men had similar results for both interventions (white: in-person (-7.6%) remote (-7.4%); Black: in-person (-4.7%) remote (-4.4%)). In contrast, white women lost more weight with the in-person intervention (in-person (-7.2%) compared to the remote (-4.4%)), whereas Black women lost less weight in the in-person group compared to the remote intervention at 24 months (-2.0% vs. -3.0%, respectively; p for interaction <.001). We found differences between the effectiveness of the 2 weight loss interventions-in-person or remote-in white and Black women at 24 months. Future studies should consider intervention modality when designing weight loss interventions for women.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) leaf extract incorporated methylcellulose active films: A sustainable strategy for browning inhibition in apple slice packaging

Methylcellulose, a prominent polysaccharide prevalent in the food sector, was considered to fabricate the active films with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Leaf Extract (NLE) as an active agent. FTIR analysis confirms the intermolecular -OH bonding, and SEM micrograms demonstrate methylcellulose active films' homogeneous, dense morphologic appearance. Due to the crosslinking effect of glutaraldehyde and noni leaf extract, tensile strength (41.83 ± 0.134 MPa) and crystallinity (62.91 %) of methylcellulose films were improved. Methylcellulose active films suppress water and moisture uptake at various relative humidities. The inhibition capability against foodborne pathogens and the excellent antioxidant activity [DPPH (93.191 ± 1.384 %) and ABTS (90.523 ± 1.412 %)] of NLE incorporation suggested that food packed in methylcellulose active films were effective against pathogenic and oxidative attacks. During preservation, to ensure the apple slices' nutritional values, they are covered with physiochemically enhanced methylcellulose active films for up to 120 h. The minimum reduction in vitamin C, reducing sugar content, percentage weight loss, pH, and total phenolic content of apple slices preserved in MGN active films at room temperature suggests it is an affordable and efficient replacement to traditional single-use plastic packaging in the cut fruit industry.

Investigation of the vaccine potential of an in silico designed FepA peptide vaccine against Shigella flexneri in mice model

BackgroundShigellosis is one of the significant causes of diarrhea in Bangladesh. It is a global health problem; approximately 1.3 million people die yearly from Shigellosis. The current treatment method, using different antibiotics against Shigellosis is ineffective. Moreover, it becomes a worrying situation due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbes responsible for these diarrheal diseases. MethodologyPrevious immunoinformatics study predicted a potential peptide from the Ferric enterobactin protein (FepA) of Shigella spp. In this study, we have chemically synthesized the FepA peptide. As a highly immunogenic, FepA peptide conjugated with KLH has been tested in mice model with complete and incomplete adjuvants as a vaccine candidate. ResultsImmunological analysis showed that all vaccinated mice were immunologically boosted, which was statistically significant (P-value 0.0325) compared to control mice. Immunological analysis for bacterial neutralization test result was also statistically significant (P-value 0.0468), where each ELISA plate was coated with 1 × 107S. flexneri cells. The Challenge test with 1 × 1012S. flexneri cells to each vaccinated and controlled mice showed that 37.5 % of control (non-vaccinated) mice died within seven days after the challenge was given while 100 % of vaccinated mice remained strong and stout. The analyses of the post-challenge weight loss of the mice were also significant (P-value 0.0367) as the weight loss percentage in control mice was much higher than in the vaccinated mice. The pathological and phenotypic appearances of vaccinated mice were also clearly differentiable compared with control mice. Thus all these immunological analysis and pathological appearances directly supported our FepA peptide as a potential immune booster. ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the FepA peptide is a highly immunogenic vaccine candidate against S. flexneri. Therefore, these findings inspire future trials for the evaluation of the suitability of this vaccine candidate against Shigellosis.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy as a First Step Procedure for Oncologic Purposes: An Indication Beyond the Updated Guidelines.

Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cancer. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is established as a safe procedure providing accelerated weight loss and comorbidity improvement or remission. Additionally, it is approved as a bridging procedure for various non-oncologic surgeries, with very limited data for oncologic procedures. The aim of this study is to present a series of patients with severe obesity and concomitant cancer who underwent LSG prior to definitive oncological procedure. A retrospective review (2008-2023) was conducted in three institutions, identifying 5 patients with cancer and severe obesity who underwent LSG as bridging procedure. Variables analyzed were initial weight, initial body mass index (BMI), type of malignancy, comorbidities, interval between LSG and oncological surgery, weight and BMI before the second intervention, percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Malignancies identified were 2 prostate cancers, 1 periampullary neuroendocrine tumor, 1 rectal cancer, and 1 renal clear cell carcinoma. Mean age of patients was 50.2 years, mean initial BMI 47.4 kg/ , and mean BMI before oncological surgery 37 kg/ . Mean time interval between LSG and oncological surgery was 8.3 months. Mean %EWL achieved was 45.2%. Two thromboembolic events were encountered after LSG, while none of the patients developed complications after definitive oncological treatment. The mean follow-up after oncological surgery was 61.6 months. LSG can be proposed as bridging procedure before oncological surgery in meticulously selected patients. Achieved weight loss can render subsequent oncological procedures easier and safer.

Weight loss outcomes with semaglutide based on diabetes severity using the individualized metabolic surgery score

Semaglutide demonstrated inferior weight loss responses in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to patients with obesity without T2D. The individualized metabolic surgery (IMS) score was validated to predict T2D remission after bariatric surgery. The parameters of the IMS are HbA1c (<7%), insulin use, T2D medications and T2D duration. We aim to assess weight loss outcomes of semaglutide based on IMS score in patients with obesity and T2D. This is a retrospective multicentered cohort study of patients with T2D and BMI≥ 27kg/m2 taking ≥1mg of semaglutide recruited from January 2020 to December 2022. We excluded patients with a history of bariatric surgery or taking other anti-obesity medications. IMS was calculated at baseline and patients weight change was recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. IMS was classified as mild (0-24.9 points), moderate (25-94.9 points), and severe (95-180 points). Analysis was performed based on IMS score quartiles and combination of Mild-Moderate vs Severe categories. We performed mixed linear regression models including age, sex, and baseline weight to assess associations between IMS categories with total body weight loss percentage (TBWL%). We included 297 patients (42% female, mean age 62±12 years) in the analysis. At 12 months, there was a stepwise decrease in weight loss outcomes when comparing patients by IMS quartiles (LS mean TBWL%± SE): 8.8±0.8% vs 6.9±0.8% vs 5.7±0.9% vs 5.0±0.8%. In the mixed linear model, patients in the mild-moderate category achieved significantly superior weight loss outcomes (LS mean TBWL± SE:-8.3±0.7%) than patients in the severe category (-5.5±0.6%; difference:-2.9, 95% CI:-5.2 to-0.5, p=0.006) at 12 months. There was no significant difference in glycemic improvement regardless of IMS severity at baseline. In our cohort, lower IMS severity was associated with more weight loss in patients with obesity and T2D. Further studies are needed to understand T2D severity and its effect on semaglutide outcomes. Beyond payment to the research staff by Mayo Clinic, this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Stronger control of eating 3 months after sleeve gastrectomy predicts successful weight loss outcomes at one year

BackgroundWeight loss response to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is variable and predicting the effectiveness of surgery is challenging and elusive. The aim of our study was to assess and quantify the association between eating control and weight loss outcomes and identify the control of eating (CoE) attributes during the early postoperative period that might predict good vs. poor response to SG at one year. MethodsA prospective longitudinal cohort study using the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) was designed as a series before and at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-SG. Primary outcomes were changes in CoE attributes and percent of total weight loss (%TWL) 12-months post-surgery. Subjects were categorized based on %TWL as good (GR, ≥25 %) or poor responders (PR, <25 %). A receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were performed. ResultsWe included 41 participants (80.5% females, 51.2% Hispanic, mean age 41.7±10.6, median baseline body mass index (BMI) 43.6 kg/m2 [range 35.2–66.3]) who completed the CoEQ at all four timepoints. The “Difficulty to control eating” score at 3 months revealed the highest area under the curve (AUC) (AUC 0.711; 95%CI 0.524–0.898; p=0.032). In a trade-off between a high Youden index and high sensitivity, the “Difficulty to control eating” score of 7 at 3 months was identified as the optimal cut-off for distinguishing between GRs and PRs. Score ≤7 at 3 months was strongly independently associated with a successful weight loss target of 25%TWL at one-year post-SG (Relative Risk 4.43; 95%CI 1.06–18.54; p=0.042). Conclusion“Difficulty to control eating” score at 3 months post-SG is an independent early predictor of optimal response (achieving a successful TWL target of ≥25 % at one-year post-SG). Our results support the utility of this easy-to-administer validated tool for predicting the effectiveness of SG and may assist in identifying individuals with suboptimal response early and helping them with interventions to attain optimal weight loss targets.

Efectos cardiometabólicos de la pérdida de peso

The prevalence of overweight and obesity, and, consequently, associated comorbidities, is increasing significantly worldwide. The guidelines recommend a percentage of weight loss> 5% to achieve beneficial effects on metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity. Furthermore, greater weight losses (> 10%) produce more significant improvements, and may even produce remission of some of these comorbidities. In this chapter, we review the evidence of the effect of weight loss through different strategies (lifestyle intervention, pharmacological treatment, or bariatric surgery) on the main cardiometabolic pathologies associated with excess adipose tissue (type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality).

Influence of encapsulated peppermint essential oil on postharvest quality of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santiago F1

ABSTRACT The cherry tomato is a nutritious product commonly used in salads or consumed as a dietary supplement. However, improper storage after harvesting can lead to a decrease in its quality and shelf-life. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of free essential oil of Mentha × Piperita L. and solid lipid nanoparticles containing free essential oil at concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, and 0.2% on the microbial load and post-harvest quality of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santiago F1 during 28 days of storage at 8°C. Fruits coated with solid lipid nanoparticles containing essential oil at 0.075%, 0.1%, and 0.2% maintained their quality attributes, including firmness at approximately 50%, ascorbic acid at about 80%, phenolic compounds, color parameters, antioxidant activity at around 71%, and sensory properties compared to the control groups or fruits treated with free essential oil of Mentha × Piperita L. This coating also effectively suppressed cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activity, reducing microbial load and weight loss percentages to under 10%. However, it’s important to note that fruits coated with free essential oil of Mentha × Piperita L. at 0.1% and 0.2% showed visible tissue damage. Our research demonstrated that the combination of solid lipid nanoparticles and free essential oil of Mentha × Piperita L. resulted in a decrease in microbial load, an extension of shelf-life, and improvements in the quality characteristics of cherry tomato fruits.

Single-Center Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Experience Study: Outcomes from 21,205 Cases over 12 Years

Abstract Introduction: Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for obesity; nevertheless, long-term results from high-volume centers are scarce in the literature. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected records of our high-volume center from June 2010 to December 2022 on demographics, evolution of procedures, follow-up, effectiveness, and safety of MBS. Results: A total of 21,205 patients underwent MBS over the 12-year period. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was performed in 6136 patients, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 5878, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) in 7678, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) in 941, and swallow balloon in 572. At the end of the study period, the follow-up rates for different procedures were LSG group (68.7%, 2108/3068), RYGB group (63.2%, 1312/2075), OAGB group (68.9%, 1135/1647), and ESG group (67.8%, 319/470), resulting in an overall follow-up rate of 68.1%, respectively. At 10 years, the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), and percentage of weight regain (%WR) for LSG were 22.4%, 53.4%, and 31.8%, respectively. Similarly, the figures were 23.9%, 60.2%, and 25.2% for RYGB and 27.3%, 70.3%, and 20.9% for OAGB. These differences were significant among procedures according to the repeated-measures analysis of variance (%TWL: F = 25.13, P &lt; 0.0001; %EWL: F = 21.36, P &lt; 0.0001; %WR: F = 2.31, P = 0.004). Operative times and intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher for RYGB. Postoperative complications occurred in 2.0%, 1.2%, and 1.8% of patients in the LSG, RYGB, and OAGB groups, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in serious complication rates among groups (P = 0.787). The mortality rate was 0.04%. Conclusion: The long-term results from a high-volume bariatric center provide real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of MBS. Most importantly, they reflect the incorporation of new techniques and facilitate the implementation of regional algorithms for optimizing patient selection and improving outcomes.

Impaired Early Interferon Responses to Influenza Virus Infection in Aged Mice are Associated With Increased Pulmonary Inflammation

Abstract Background: Seventy to ninety percent of seasonal influenza deaths occur in those aged 65 or older. Methods: To determine the innate immune responses to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, young (12-week) and old (70-week) C57BL/6J mice were infected intranasally (i.n.) with IAV PR8. Immune responses and viral replication were determined by qRT-PCR. Lung inflammation and injury were evaluated by histology and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung to body weight ratio respectively. Results: Comparing young and old mice at the times indicated there were no differences in weight loss percentages, lung-to-body weight ratios and total immune cells in BALF after IAV infection. However, aged mice had significantly higher viral loads and lower type I interferon (IFN) expression in the lung at day 3 p.i. In contrast, at this time point, aged mice had significantly higher amounts of type III IFN expression, which correlated with higher viral loads. Histopathology revealed that IAV infection in aged mice resulted in lower pathological scores early (day 5) and higher lung pathological scores later (day 7) of disease than in young mice. Conclusion: Our models demonstrated that aging dysregulates early IFN responses to influenza infection resulting in enhanced viral replication. These altered IFN responses in aged mice also result in enhanced lung inflammation late after infection and may also be a cause of the increased incidence of secondary bacterial infections seen in the aged.